OECD economic surveys : Sweden 1997-1998 / Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, issuing body.

Series:

OECD Economic Surveys: Sweden

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Monetary policy--Sweden.

Monetary policy.

Sweden--Economic conditions--1945-.

Sweden.

Sweden--Economic policy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (198 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Paris, France : OECD Publishing, [1998]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Assessment and recommendations I. Recent trends and prospects -Economic activity remains moderate -The labour market and inflation -The short-term outlook II. Macroeconomic policies -Monetary policy -Fiscal policy III. Implementing structural reform: a review of progress -Introduction -Developments in structural reform -Overview and scope for further action IV. Education and training -Introduction -Formal education: developing a new framework -Economic impact of the education system -Life-long learning: a pioneering effort -Assessment and scope for further action V. Entrepreneurship and job creation -Entrepreneurship and enterprise growth -Start-up of enterprises: incentives and impediments -Obstacles to expansion -Policies to promote entrepreneurship -Assessment and recommendations Annexes -I. Supporting material to Chapter II -II. Calendar of main economic events Statistical annex and structural indicators.

Contents:

Intro

Table of contents

Assessment and recommendations

I. Recent trends and prospects

Figure 1. MACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

Table 1. Main demand components

Economic activity remains moderate

Private domestic demand continues to expand

Figure 2. PRIVATE CONSUMPTION

Figure 3. PRICE INDEX FOR HOUSES AND STOCKHOLM STOCK EXCHANGE INDEX

Figure 4. GROSS FIXED INVESTMENT BY SECTOR

Trade performance and the external sector

Figure 5. RELATIVE PRICES AND TRADE PERFORMANCE

Table 2. Export performance

Figure 6. RESOURCE USE IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

Figure 7. RESOURCE USE IN THE SERVICE SECTOR

Table 3. Commodity composition of goods exports and imports

Table 4. Balance of payments

The labour market and inflation

Continuing labour shake-out

Figure 8. HOURS WORKED AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

Figure 9. UNEMPLOYMENT, LABOUR MARKET PROGRAMMES AND LABOUR SUPPLY

Faster wage growth and low inflation have led to considerable real wage increases

Table 5. Wages and salaries in the private sector

The short-term outlook

Economic policy assumptions and the external environment

Table 6. Economic policy assumptions and the external environment

Short-term outlook and risks

Table 7. Short-term outlook

II. Macroeconomic policies

Monetary policy

Strategy and implementation 1996-97

Figure 10. SHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES AND THE EXCHANGE RATE

Figure 11. INFLATION EXPECTATIONS

Figure 12. BOND YIELDS

A new accord on central bank independence

Policy considerations in the current conjuncture

Maintaining an appropriate monetary stance

Figure 13. INDICATORS OF MONETARY CONDITIONS

Figure 14. THE TAYLOR RULE

... and meeting the challenges of EMU non-participation

Figure 15. COMPONENTS OF RELATIVE UNIT LABOUR COST

Fiscal policy.

Eliminating the public sector budget deficit

Table 8. Budget plans and outcomes

Table 9. Contributions to budget consolidation

Table 10. The central government borrowing requirement

Figure 16. GENERAL GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCES

Figure 17. GENERAL GOVERNMENT DEBT AND THE PRIMARY BALANCE

Will progress be maintained?

Figure 18. GENERAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE AND TAX RATIOS

Progress in expenditure control

Improving the budget process

Table 11. Expenditure ceilings 1997-2000

Containing tax expenditures

Facing long-term challenges

Table 12. Public sector revenues and expenditures in selected OECD countries

III. Implementing structural reform: a review of progress

Introduction

Developments in structural reform

Increased wage and labour cost flexibility

Figure 19. TAXATION AT DIFFERENT INCOME LEVELS

Figure 20. EFFECTIVE TAX RATES AT DIFFERENT INCOME LEVELS

Box 1. Tax structure and labour-market outcomes

Reform of unemployment benefit and related benefit systems

Increased working time flexibility and reform of employment security provisions

Enhanced effectiveness of labour market policies

Enhanced product market competition

Overview and scope for further action

Figure 22. STRUCTURE OF THE LABOUR FORCE

Box 2. Implementing the OECD Jobs Strategy - an overview of progress

Figure 21. STATE OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU DIRECTIVES ON THE INTERNAL MARKET

IV. Education and training

Formal education: developing a new framework

Figure 23. EDUCATIONAL SPENDING

Figure 24. POPULATION AND LABOUR FORCE BY HIGHEST EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Institutions, costs and efficiency

Figure 25. THE SWEDISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

Box 3. The educational framework: initial education

Figure 26. ENROLMENT TRENDS IN UNIVERSITIES.

Table 13. Education expenditure, students and teachers

Table 14. Monthly net income of youths in education, at work and on social benefits

Table 15. Student-to-teacher ratios and teaching hours by level of education

Figure 27. ENROLMENT AND TIME USE IN EDUCATION

Educational performance

Figure 28. LITERACY LEVELS OF ADULTS

Table 16. The achievement of Swedish pupils in an international comparison

Table 17. Percentage of students leaving secondary education without a certificate

Economic impact of the education system

Economy-wide effects

Table 18. Productivity levels in OECD countries

Table 19. Output from and input into the education system

Individual incentives to human capital investment

Table 20. The effect on hourly wages of post-compulsory schooling

Figure 29. MARGINAL TAX RATES

Table 21. Effects of taxes and grants on the return from undertaking university education

Life-long learning: a pioneering effort

Table 22. Traditional and alternative educational avenues

Box 4. The educational framework: adult education and training

Labour market training: adapting to new policy priorities

Figure 30. FEATURES OF LABOUR MARKET TRAINING

Increasing reliance on formal adult education

Table 23. The effects of formal adult education (Komvux)

An appropriate setting for enterprise-based training&amp

quest

Table 24. Enterprise-organised training in the private sector by enterprise size and length of training

Assessment and scope for further action

Box 5. Educational reform in the 1990s

Box 6. Recommendations to improve effectiveness and efficiency in the education sector

V. Entrepreneurship and job creation

Entrepreneurship and enterprise growth

Box 7. A recent example of Swedish entrepreneurship: IKEA

Table 26. Company characteristics - IKEA.

Table 25. Share of employment in selected sectors, by enterprise size

Job creation and destruction: does size matter?

The role of the service sector

Table 27. New enterprises and bankruptcies by sector

Fast-growing enterprises

Figure 31. FAST-GROWING COMPANIES IN SELECTED SECTORS

The regional dimension

Implications

Start-up of enterprises: incentives and impediments

The welfare state and entrepreneurship

Figure 32. TAX WEDGES AND THE SERVICE SECTOR

Start-up and closure: rules and administrative burdens

Table 28. Registration requirements and costs

Table 29. Bankruptcy proceedings

Obstacles to expansion

Figure 33. IMPEDIMENTS TO ENTERPRISE GROWTH

Disadvantages of small scale? Financing, training and R&amp

D

Figure 34. VENTURE CAPITAL

Taxation of enterprises

Table 30. Effective marginal tax rates

The labour market

Market factors

Table 31. Characteristics of the distribution sector in some European countries

Policies to promote entrepreneurship

Box 8. Government programmes for assisting new, small and medium-sized enterprises

A new policy orientation?

Box 9. The Swedish government's programme for growth and employment

Notes

ANNEXES

Annex I. Supporting material to Chapter II

Table A1. Inflation targeting regimes in OECD countries

Annex II. Calendar of main economic events

STATISTICAL ANNEX AND STRUCTURAL INDICATORS

Table A. Selected background statistics

Table B. Supply and use of resources

Table C. Supply and use of resources

Table D. General government revenue and expenditure

Table E. Balance of payments

Table F. Labour

Table G. Production by sector and employment

Table H. Foreign trade, total and by area

Table I. Prices and wages

Table J. Money and credit

Table J. Money and credit (cont.).

Table K. Production structure and performance indicators

Table K. Production structure and performance indicators (cont.)

Table L. Labour market indicators

Table M. The public sector

BASIC STATISTICS: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS

BASIC STATISTICS: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS (cont'd)

MAIN SALES OUTLETS OF OECD PUBLICATIONS / PRINCIPAUX POINTS DE VENTE DES PUBLICATIONS DE L'OCDE

BOXES

TABLES

Table 13. Education expenditure, students and teachers.

Table 14. Monthly net income of youths in education, at work and on social benefits.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

92-64-15137-0

OCLC:

1225545929