Sub-23 nm particle measurement and assessment of their volatile fraction at exhaust of a four-cylinder GDI engine fueled with E10 and E85 under transient conditions STEMS-CNR

Format:

Book

Conference/Event

Author/Creator:

Catapano, Francesco, author.

Contributor:

Di Iorio, Silvana

Magno, Agnese

Vaglieco, Bianca Maria

Conference Name:

15th International Conference on Engines & Vehicles (2021-09-12 : Capri, Italy)

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource cm

Place of Publication:

Warrendale, PA SAE International 2021

Summary:

In view of the new emission regulations seeking to lower the particle cut-off size down to the current 23 nm, an extensive comprehension on the nature of sub-23 nm particles is crucial. In this regard, a new challenge lies ahead that involves a massive use of biofuels. This research study was carried out within the European project Sureal-23 with the aim to characterize the sub-23 nm particles and to evaluate their volatile organic fraction (VOF). Particle emissions from a 1.8L, 4-cylinder GDI engine under the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) were measured through an Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS) capable of particle sizing and counting in the range 5.6 - 560 nm. The sampling and conditioning were performed by the Dekati Engine Exhaust Diluter (DEED) a Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) compliant system. The temperature of the dilution air at the first stage and of the evaporation chamber in the DEED were varied to promote nucleation and condensation phenomena thus allowing to distinguish the VOF. The effect of ethanol at low, 10 %v/v (E10) and high, 85 % v/v (E85) blend on particle emissions was analyzed. The weight of sub-23 particles on the total emissions was analyzed at each phase of the cycle.Main results highlighted that sub-23 nm particles give an important contribution to the total particle emissions. A strong reduction of particle concentration as the ethanol content in the fuel increases was observed. Moreover, the test performed at low dilution temperature showed a large number of su-23 nm particles thus revealing a large fraction of volatile components in specific phases of the cycle

Notes:

Vendor supplied data

Publisher Number:

2021-24-0087

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license