Study on the Evolution of Precise Internal Short Circuit Damage in Li-Ion Batteries China Automotive Technology and Research Center

Format:

Book

Conference/Event

Author/Creator:

Sun, Zhipeng, author.

Contributor:

Han, Ce

Ma, Tianyi

Ren, Gaohui

Wang, Fang

Conference Name:

SAE 2025 International Conference on Battery Safety and Reliability (2025-10-23 : Shanghai, China)

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource cm

Place of Publication:

Warrendale, PA SAE International 2026

Summary:

One primary cause of NEV fires is thermal runaway initiated by internal short circuit in power batteries, leading to subsequent thermal diffusion throughout the battery system. Severe internal short circuit damage can precipitate thermal runaway phenomena in lithium-ion batteries, potentially culminating in fire incidents involving electric vehicles. Although mild internal short circuit may not immediately induce thermal runaway, continuous charge and discharge cycling can exacerbate such conditions, progressively elevating risks associated with thermal runaway and other pertinent safety hazards. Conventional safety testing methodologies, employing techniques such as crushing and nail penetration to simulate internal short circuit, often amplify the extent of these shorts and fail to accurately replicate less severe, deeper internal short circuit. Additionally, methods incorporating foreign objects like nickel pieces for simulating internal short circuit necessitate battery disassembly, thereby compromising structural integrity and impeding effective characterization. This study introduces an innovative approach utilizing semi-insulated nails to precisely trigger internal short circuit in lithium-ion batteries. This method affords accurate control over the location of internal short circuit within the battery, mitigating the exaggerated spread effect inherent to traditional nail penetration techniques and enhancing the fidelity of internal short circuit simulation. Despite the immediate risk of thermal runaway being relatively low following precisely triggered internal short circuit, and external parameters such as voltage and temperature showing no significant deviations from normal batteries, undetected internal short circuit poses substantial latent risks to the safety and performance of electric vehicles. These inconsistencies become particularly pronounced under conditions of abuse, such as short circuits or overcharging, wherein the safety performance diverges significantly from that of unaffected batteries. Comparative analysis through overcharging and short-circuit safety tests following traditional internal short circuit events facilitates a more thorough investigation into safety reliability and failure evolution, thereby elucidating the underlying discrepancies and associated safety implications

Notes:

Vendor supplied data

Publisher Number:

2026-01-7025

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license