Marine Ecosystems. Volume 3 : a Unique Source of Valuable Bioactive Compounds / edited by Hassan A. H. Ibrahim and Mostafa M. El Sheekh.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ibrahim, Hassan A.H, Author.

Contributor:

Ibrahim, Hassan A. H., editor.

Sheekh, Mostafa M. El, editor.

Series:

Marine Ecology: Current and Future Developments Series

Marine Ecology: Current and Future Developments Series ; Volume 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Marine biodiversity conservation.

Marine ecology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (448 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd., 2023.

Summary:

This reference highlights the significance of marine ecosystems, encompassing seaweed beds, seagrasses, coral reefs, mangroves, estuaries, and protected areas, as a remarkable gateway to overcoming healthcare challenges and unlocking a rich trove of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. One of the key highlights of this book is its exploration of the development of marine bio-drugs, a field that demands collaboration among scientists from both academic and industrial fronts. The editors also include a prospective review on marine environments, emphasizing the necessity for big data, collective knowledge sharing, financial support, and streamlined administrative processes, all of which contribute to enhancing innovation in the drug discovery process. Another feature includes reference lists that allow researchers to explore topics of interest in depth. With twelve comprehensive chapters, this book extensively covers marine ecosystem biodiversity, productivity, protected areas, and the intricate interplay of biotic and abiotic factors that shape these ecosystems. Readers will learn about important bioactive compounds within marine organisms and how to use this knowledge to outline a strategy for bio-drug discovery. The book caters to a diverse audience of researchers, students, ecologists, microbiologists, pharmacologists, and biotechnologists who are engaged in studying the dynamic components of marine environments. By providing the latest insights and strategies in the realm of bio-drug discovery from marine resources, this book serves as an invaluable resource for scholars and professionals seeking to tap into the potential of these unique ecosystems. Audience Ecologists, environmental scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, microbiologists, marine biologists.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Biodiversity of Marine Ecosystems

Mohamed Abu El-Regal1,2,* and Sathianseon Satheesh1

1. INTRODUCTION

2. COMPARISON BETWEEN MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

3. IMPORTANCE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

4. DIVERSITY OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

4.1. Divisions of the Marine Environment

4.1.1. The Continental Shelf

4.1.2. Pelagic Realm

4.1.3. Benthic Realm

6. BENTHIC ECOSYSTEMS

6.1. Estuary Ecosystems

6.2. Mangrove Ecosystems

6.3. Rocky Shore Communities

6.4. Sandy Beaches

6.5. Coral Reef Ecosystem

6.5.1. Importance of Coral Reef Ecosystem

6.5.2. Benthic Communities in the Reef Ecosystem

6.5.3. Impacts on the Coral Reef Ecosystem

6.5.4. Seagrass Communities

7. MARINE MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

7.1. Diversity Based on Environmental Conditions

7.2. Diversity Based on Nutrition

7.3. Diversity Based on Ecological Importance

7.4. Diversity Based on the Symbiotic Association

8. OCEANIC ZONE

8.1. Epipelagic Zone

8.2. Mesopelagic Zone

8.3. Bathypelagic Zone

8.4. Abyssal Zone

8.5. Hadal Zone

8.6. Photic Zone

8.7. Disphotic Zone

8.8. Aphotic Zone

8.9. Life in the Oceanic Zone (Open Sea)

8.10. Food Web in the Open Water

8.11. Adaptations of Organisms in the Open Ocean

9. THREATS TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Productivity of Marine Ecosystem Components

Yassin M. Al-Sodany1,* and Amany M. Diab2

2. ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS

2.1. Biotic Components of Marine Ecosystem

2.1.1. Population of Water Microorganisms

2.1.2. Populations of Large Animals

2.1.3. Concepts of Productivity

3. MARINE HABITATS

4. PRODUCTIVITY IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS.

4.1. Marine Pelagic Environment Productivity

4.1.1. The Deep Marine Water Regional Productivity

4.1.2. Productivity in Coastal Waters

4.2. Productivity of Benthic Plants

5. ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY AND DIVERSITY

6. HUMAN IMPACT AND MARINE ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY

7. PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY AND FISHERY CATCH RELATIONSHIPS

8. FACTORS LIMITING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

8.1. Geographic Variation

8.2. Depth Variation

8.3. Seasonality

8.4. Light Requirements

8.5. Under Water Light Climate

8.6. Transparency

8.7. Nutrient Requirements

8.8. Effect of Temperature

8.9. Dissolved Oxygen

9. ESTIMATING PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY

9.1. Harvest Method

9.2. Oxygen Method

9.3. Carbon Dioxide Method

9.4. Radioactive Method

9.5. Chlorophyll Method

Biotic and Abiotic Components of Marine Ecosystem

Elham Mahmoud Ali1,2,*

2. IMPORTANCE OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

3. MARINE RESOURCES AS "BLUE ECONOMY"

4. MAIN TYPES OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND MARINE HABITATS

4.1. Pelagic/ Water Environment

4.1.1. Neritic Zone

4.1.2. Oceanic Zone

4.2. Benthic/Bottom Environment

4.2.1. Supra-Littoral Zone

4.2.2. Intertidal/Littoral Zone

4.2.3. Sub-Littoral Zone

4.3. Other Marine Ecosystems

4.3.1. Mangroves

4.3.2. Lagoons/Estuaries

4.3.3. Reef

4.3.4. Brackish

4.3.5. Sea

5. FACTORS AFFECTING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

5.1. Biotic Factors Affecting Marine Ecosystem

5.1.1. Producers

5.1.2. Consumers

5.1.3. Decomposers

5.2. Abiotic Factors Affecting Marine Ecosystem

5.2.1. Sunlight

5.2.2. Oxygen

5.2.3. Temperature

5.2.4. Water

5.2.5. Wind

5.2.6. Ocean Currents

5.2.7. Terrain

5.2.8. Chemical Composition.

6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS

7. ORGANISMS' DIVERSITY IN THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM

7.1. Microorganisms of Marine Ecosystems

7.2. Plant Species of Marine Ecosystems

7.2.1. Kelps

7.2.2. Red Algae

7.2.3. Mangrove

7.3. Animal Species of Marine Ecosystem

7.3.1. Sea Mammals

7.3.2. Sea Turtles

8. CHALLENGES FACING MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

8.1. Impacts of Pollution on Marine Ecosystems

8.2. Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Protected Areas in Marine Ecosystem

N.G. El-Din Thabet Shams El-Din1,*

2. MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (MPAS)

3. BENEFITS OF MPAS

4. DISTRIBUTION OF MPAS

5. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF MPAS

6. TYPES OF MPAS

7. CLASSIFICATION OF MPAS APPLIED

7.1. MPAs and Territories Conserved by Indigenous Peoples and Communities

7.2. Private MPAs

7.3. High Seas

7.4. Ramsar Sites

7.5. World Heritage

7.6. Large Scale MPAs

8. ECOSYSTEMS SERVICES AND LIVELIHOOD OF MPAS

8.1. MPAs and Ecosystem Services

8.2. MPAs and Food Security

8.2.1. MPAs and Fisheries Management

8.3. Tourism and Recreation

8.4. Energy Development

8.5. Shipping and Marine Transportation

8.6. Coastal and Marine Aquaculture

8.7. Implementing the Green List (GL)

8.8. MPAs and Connectivity

9. BLUE CARBON OF MPAS

10. THE ECONOMIC CASE FOR MPAS

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT AFFECTING MPAS

11.1. Multi-Dimensional Environment

11.2. Lack of Clear Ownership

11.3. Multiple Jurisdictions

11.4. Boundary Demarcation

11.5. Enforcement and Management Difficulties

11.6. Lack of Visibility of Characteristics being Protected

11.7. Connectivity between Ecosystems and Habitats

12. GOVERNANCE OF MPAS

12.1. Importance of Governance.

12.1.1. Governance Approaches

12.2. MPAs' Governance Types

12.3. MPAs Governance Framework

12.4. Definition of Incentive

12.5. Combination of Incentives

12.6. Building Resilience in a Governance System

12.7. The Output of Effective Governance of MPAs

13. MARINE PARK OF THE GREAT BARRIER REEF(GBR):A CASE STUDY

14. BENEFITS OF ZONING APPLICATION IN GBR

15. EXPERIENCE GAINED FROM ZONING IMPLEMENTATION IN GBR (A CASE STUDY)

Mangrove Ecosystem Components and Benefits

Waleed M.M. El-Sayed1, Mohamed A.A. Abdrabo1,* and Moaz M. Hamed1

2. FACTORS INFLUENCING MANGROVE DISTRIBUTIONS

2.1. Floristics and Biogeography

2.2. Extant Influencing Factors

2.3. Dispersal Pathways and Evolutionary Processes

3. MICROBIAL DIVERSITY OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS

3.1. Algae

3.2. Fungi

3.3. Actinomycetes

3.4. Bacteria

3.5. Anoxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria

3.5.1. Methanogenic Bacteria

4. FOOD WEB IN MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM

Macroalgal Epiphytic Microbiome: A Potential Source of Novel Drugs

Brajogopal Samanta1,* and Pattigundla Swathi1

2. BIOTIC INTERACTIONS WITHIN MACROALGAL HOLOBIONT

3. COMMUNITY COMPOSITION OF THE MACROALGAL EPIPHYTIC MICROBIOME

4. ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL OF MACROALGAL EPIPHYTIC MICROBIOME

5. APPLICATION OF "META-OMICS" APPROACHES

FUNDING

Bioactive Compounds from Components of Marine Ecosystem

Mona M. Ismail1,*, Reham G. Elkomy1 and Mostafa M. El-Sheekh2

2. CATEGORIES OF MARINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS.

3. TYPES OF MARINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ACCORDING TO NATURE AND ROLE

3.1. Marine Pigments

3.2. Marine Ink

3.3. Marine Toxins and Defense Secretions

3.4. Marine Storage Food

4. TYPES OF MARINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS ACCORDING TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

4.1. Marine Peptides/Proteins

4.1.1. Marine Enzymes

4.1.2. Collagen

4.1.3. Bacteriocins

4.1.4. Lectins

4.1.5. Hormone-Like Peptides

4.1.6. Marine Antifreeze Proteins

4.2. Marine Fatty Acids

4.2.1. Sterols

4.3. Marine Polysaccharides

4.3.1. Glycosaminoglycans

4.3.2. Chitin and Chitosan

4.3.3. Agar

4.3.4. Alginate

4.3.5. Carrageenan

4.3.6. Laminarin

4.3.7. Ulvan

4.3.8. Fucoidan

4.3.9. Microbial Exopolysaccharides

4.4. Phenolic Compounds

4.5. Other Marine Bioactive Compounds

4.5.1. Marine Antibiotics

4.5.2. Marine Siderophores

4.6. Inorganic Marine Biomaterials

4.6.1. Hydroxyapatite

4.6.2. Calcium Carbonates and Phosphates

4.6.3. Biosilica

4.6.4. Vitamins

Potentiality of Marine Ecosystem Bioactive Compounds

Shreya Biswas1, Doyel Ghosal1, Tanusree Das1 and Piyali Basak1,*

2. OVERVIEW OF BIOACTIVES AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

3. BIOACTIVE AGENTS FROM DIFFERENT BIOTIC COMPONENTS OF THE MARINE ECOSYSTEM

3.1. Bioactives from Primary Producers of the Marine Ecosystem: Algae

3.2. Bioactives from Primary Consumers of the Marine Ecosystem: Zooplanktons

3.3. Bioactives from Secondary and Tertiary Consumers of the Marine Ecosystem

3.4. Bioactives from Decomposers of the Marine Ecosystem: Bacteria and Fungi

4. MARINE BIOACTIVE TOXINS

REFERENCES.

Challenges and Opportunities in Marine Ecological System and Drug Discovery.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9789815051995

9815051997

OCLC:

48494049