The Optics of Blood : A Handbook.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Douplik, Alexandre.

Series:

IOP Series in Advances in Optics, Photonics and Optoelectronics Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Blood.

Photonics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (444 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing, 2025.

Summary:

A comprehensive reference on the optical properties of blood and their biomedical significance, this handbook explains how light interacts with blood and how those interactions can be used in optical diagnosis, monitoring, imaging, and therapy.

Contents:

Intro

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Blood is one of the most information-rich and clinically important tissues in the human body, yet it remains optically complex, dynamic, and highly context-dependent. It is simultaneously a transport medium, a diagnostic window, a therapeutic target, and an active participant in light&amp

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tissue interactions.&lt

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This handbook was conceived to bring together, in a single volume, the foundational principles, optical properties, measurement approaches

Acknowledgements

Editor biography

Alexandre Sasha Douplik

List of contributors

Contributor biographies

Outline placeholder

Jason P. Acker

Faraz Sadrzadeh-Afsharazar

Timothy Burton

Meiyun Cao

Dr. Mackenzie Brandon-Coatham

Pauline John

Dr. Yasuyuki Kakihana

Mr. Lilge

Yutaro Madokoro

David M. Moore

Dr. Shuhei Niiyama

Susanne Pahlow

Celina Phan

Juergen Popp

Dr. Scott A. Prahl

Dr. Anika Tahsin Rahman

Soundararajan Rajendran

Dr. Anuradha Ramoji

Gennadi Saiko

Hülya Yılmaz

Azhar Zam

Dr. Alexandre (Sasha) Douplik

Abbreviations

Chapter Introduction to the optics of blood: a handbook

I.1 Blood as a multifaceted optical medium

I.2 Structural, physiological and rheological foundations

I.2.1 Human blood morphology

I.2.2 Comparative blood morphology in animal models

I.2.3 Hemodynamics and rheological considerations

I.3 Core optical properties of blood

I.3.1 Absorption: hemoglobin and beyond

I.3.2 Refractive index: integrative optical parameter

I.3.3 Scattering and optical clearing

I.4 Spectroscopic and imaging modalities

I.4.1 Fluorescence spectroscopy and autofluorescence imaging

I.4.2 Raman spectroscopy: molecular fingerprinting.

I.4.3 Optoacoustics: hybrid imaging beyond scattering limits

I.4.4 Optical coherence and polarimetric imaging

I.5 Blood-photon interactions in therapeutics

I.5.1 Photodynamic therapy (PDT): blood as carrier and target

I.5.2 Photobiomodulation (PBM): modulation through light

I.6 Cross-cutting themes and future directions

I.7 Conclusion: illuminating the circulatory landscape

Chapter Normal morphology and physiology of human blood including main clinical parameters and microscopy

1.1 Blood

1.2 Red blood cells

1.2.1 Normal morphology of red blood cells

1.2.2 Normal functioning of red blood cells

1.2.3 Abnormal morphology and functioning of red blood cells

1.2.4 The current state and limitations of clinical red blood cell counting and microscopy

1.3 White blood cells

1.3.1 Normal morphology of white blood cells

1.3.2 Normal functioning of white blood cells

1.3.3 Abnormal morphology and functioning of white blood cells

1.3.4 The current state and limitations of clinical white blood cell counting and microscopy

1.4 Platelets

1.4.1 Normal morphology of platelets

1.4.2 Normal functioning of platelets

1.4.3 Abnormal morphology and functioning of platelets

1.4.4 The current state and limitations of clinical platelet testing

1.5 Plasma

1.5.1 Normal appearance of plasma

1.5.2 Normal functioning of plasma

1.5.3 Abnormal state of plasma

1.5.4 The current state and limitations of clinical plasma testing

1.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter Normal and pathological morphology of blood cells of experimental animals

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1 Milestones in the history of hematology and blood cell morphological identification [1]

2.2 Morphology of human and laboratory animal blood cells

2.2.1 Erythrocytes (red blood cells).

2.2.2 Thrombocytes (platelets)

2.2.3 Leukocytes (white blood cells)

2.3 Preanalytical factors affecting cell numbers and cell types observed

2.4 Establishing experimental animal blood cell datasets for AI machine learning

2.5 Acquiring and collecting blood from animals

2.5.1 Purchasing whole blood or specific blood cells from experimental animal species

Chapter Blood rheology and hemodynamics at health and pathology: aggregation, viscosity, fluid mechanics

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Poiseuille's law and its physiological significance

3.3 Blood flow in blood vessels

3.3.1 Laminar and turbulent flow

3.3.2 Blood viscosity

3.4 Components involved in the rheology of blood

3.4.1 Rheology of erythrocytes

3.4.2 White blood cell rheology

3.4.3 Platelet rheology

3.4.4 Rheology of plasma components

3.5 Conclusion

Chapter Light absorption of blood

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Primary absorbers in blood

4.2.1 Water

4.2.2 Hemoglobins

4.2.3 Other blood chromophores

4.3 Experimental techniques

4.3.1 Transmission spectrophotometry

4.3.2 Integrating sphere technique

4.4 Absorption-based techniques (techniques for biomedical research that are absorption-based)

4.4.1 Pulse oximetry

4.4.2 NIRS

4.4.3 Multispectral/hyperspectral imaging

4.4.4 Photoacoustics

4.4.5 Other techniques

4.5 Absorption properties of blood and its components

4.5.1 Absorption and extinction coefficients

4.5.2 Absorption of blood and its components

4.5.3 Pathologies

4.6 Conclusions

Chapter Refractometry of blood

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Group versus phase velocity

5.2 Experimental techniques

5.2.1 Synthetic methods based on Kramers-Kronig transformation

5.2.2 Explicit refractive index measurements

5.3 Methods based on refractive index.

5.3.1 Qualitative assessment of compounds

5.3.2 Quantitative phase imaging

5.4 Experimental results

5.4.1 Blood and component refractive indices

5.4.2 Pathologies

5.5 Conclusions

Chapter Light scattering and optical clearing of blood

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Methods

6.2.1 Analytical and numerical approaches

6.2.2 Experimental techniques

6.2.3 Scattering-based techniques in medicine and biomedical research

6.3 Scattering by blood and blood components

6.3.1 Plasma

6.3.2 Red blood cells

6.3.3 Leukocytes

6.3.4 Platelets

6.3.5 Scattering by whole blood

6.3.6 Scattering by blood in vessels

6.3.7 Pathology

6.4 Additional topics

6.4.1 Scattering by blood substitutes

6.4.2 Optical clearing

6.4.3 Open questions

6.5 Conclusions

Chapter Fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging of blood

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Autofluorescence properties of whole blood

7.2.1 Main fluorophores of whole blood

7.2.2 Clinical diagnostics using autofluorescence spectroscopy in whole blood

7.2.3 Forensic applications: species identification and blood typing

7.2.4 Integration of fluorescence spectroscopy of whole blood with machine learning

7.3 Autofluorescence properties of blood plasma and blood serum

7.3.1 Clinical diagnostics using autofluorescence spectroscopy in blood plasma and blood serum

7.3.2 Integration of fluorescence spectroscopy of blood plasma and blood serum with machine learning

7.3.3 Surface-enhanced fluorescence (SERS) in autofluorescence spectroscopy of blood plasma and blood serum

7.3.4 Autofluorescence of blood plasma and blood serum for gastrointestinal disease diagnosis

7.4 Autofluorescence properties of blood pigments

7.4.1 Autofluorescence and excitation-emission properties of hemoglobin.

7.4.2 Excitation/emission spectroscopy of hemoglobin variants

7.4.3 Fluorescence quenching and oxidative modifications in hemoglobin

7.4.4 Glycated hemoglobin detection via the fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy

7.5 Autofluorescence properties of red blood cells (or erythrocytes)

7.5.1 Hemoglobin autofluorescence and oxygenation states

7.5.2 Diagnostic applications of autofluorescence in disease and oxidative stress

7.5.3 Spectroscopy of red blood cell autofluorescence and blood product quality

7.5.4 Red blood cell elasticity and deformability via optical techniques

7.5.5 Autofluorescence in hemoglobin derivatives

7.6 Autofluorescence properties of white blood cells (or leucocytes)

7.6.1 Metabolic and functional states of WBCs

7.6.2 Oxidative stress and granulocyte autofluorescence

7.6.3 Leukocyte autofluorescence as a non-invasive diagnostic tool

7.6.4 Autofluorescence-based identification of eosinophils and neutrophils

7.6.5 Advanced optical techniques for leukocyte characterization

7.7 Autofluorescence properties of blood platelets (thrombocytes)

7.7.1 Fluorescence spectra of thrombocytes (blood platelets)

7.7.2 Flow cytometry and fluorescence-based measurement of platelet activation

7.7.3 Fluorescence polarization and cytoskeletal dynamics

7.7.4 Fluorescence techniques for platelet-activating factor (PAF) studies

7.7.5 Application of fluorescence markers in platelet imaging

7.8 Pathological modification of autofluorescence properties of blood

7.8.1 Cancer diagnostics and blood pigments

7.8.2 Blood disorders and blood protein autofluorescence

7.8.3 Porphyria

7.8.4 Liver and cardiovascular diseases

7.8.5 Malaria

7.8.6 Diabetes

7.8.7 Effects of COVID-19

7.8.8 Blood lesion and x-ray dose

7.9 External fluorescent dyes for IV clinical administration.

7.10 Summary.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Other Format:

Print version: Douplik, Alexandre The Optics of Blood

ISBN:

9780750348065