Nanotechnology and regenerative medicine : history, evolution, frontiers and applications / edited by Maria Helena Andrade Santana [and three others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Santana, Maria Helena Andrade, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomedical engineering.

Nanotechnology.

Regenerative medicine.

Regenerative Medicine.

Medical Subjects:

Regenerative Medicine.

Nanotechnology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (615 pages)

Place of Publication:

London, England ; San Diego, California ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Academic press, [2023]

Summary:

Over the last two decades, the integration of biomedicine with other engineering and biomaterial sciences promoted the development of nanotechnology and regenerative medicine toward mimicking the specialized stem cell niches to treat diseases with less invasive and efficient therapies. Innovative approaches in nanotechnology, such as targeting the immunological system, transporting drugs across blood–brain/BBB and blood–retinal barriers/BRB, directing active moiety to specific disease location/organs, encapsulation of multiple components, and promoting signalization and pathway-specific surfaces for cell interactions and growth, are indeed promising. On the other side, developments of biomaterial scaffolds to mimic the cell niches for interactions with stem cells in vitro or in vivo have tremendous potential.

Contents:

Front Cover

Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine

Copyright Page

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

1 Progress of nanotechnology in the development of medicines

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Designing nanoparticles for therapeutics

1.2.1 Regenerative medicine and nanotechnology

1.3 Types of nanoparticles used in regenerative medicine

1.3.1 Metallic nanoparticles

1.3.2 Polymeric nanoparticles

1.3.3 Nanodiamonds

1.3.4 Quantum dots

1.3.5 Exosomes

1.3.6 Ceramic nanoparticles

1.3.7 Magnetic nanoparticles

1.4 Delivery of bioactive agents

1.5 Imaging and contrast agents

1.6 Nanoparticles in bioinks for 3D printing

1.7 Production techniques

1.8 Conclusion

References

2 History and evolution of regenerative medicine

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The evolution of regenerative medicine

2.2.1 Ancient times-the roots

2.2.2 The 18th century-"Epigenesis" and the first organ transplantations

2.2.3 The 19th century-cell theory and the principles of immunology

2.2.4 The 20th century-the first cells and tissue cultures, the first allogenic bone marrow transplantation, stem cell disc...

2.2.5 The first 20 years of the 21st century

2.2.6 The fresh products

2.3 Final remarks and conclusion

3 Nanotechnologies to deliver drugs through the blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers

List of abbreviations

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1 Blood-brain barrier

3.1.1.1 Transferrin receptor

3.1.1.2 Glucose transporter

3.1.1.3 Insulin receptor

3.1.1.4 Low-density lipoprotein receptor

3.1.1.5 ATP-binding cassette transporters

3.1.2 Brain targeting

3.1.2.1 Liposomes

3.1.2.2 Solid-lipid nanoparticles (SLN)

3.1.2.3 Micelles

3.1.2.4 Dendrimers

3.1.2.5 Gold nanoparticles

3.1.2.6 Magnetic nanoparticles

3.1.2.7 Quantum dots.

3.1.3 Blood-retinal barrier

3.1.4 Ocular drug targeting

3.1.4.1 Gold nanoparticles

3.1.4.2 Magnetic nanoparticles

3.1.4.3 PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticles

3.1.4.4 Dendrimers

3.1.4.5 Precision-polyester nanoparticles

3.1.4.6 Cationic liposome

3.1.4.7 PEGylated liposome

3.1.4.8 Photo-targeted nanoparticles

3.1.5 BBB and BRB modulation

3.1.6 Temporary hypotony and ocular inflammation

3.2 Conclusion

4 Thermodynamics of nanoparticle-cell interaction

4.1 Introduction to fundamentals

4.1.1 Classical thermodynamics

4.1.1.1 The first law

4.1.1.2 The second law

4.1.1.3 Gibbs energy and chemical potential

4.1.1.4 Chemical equilibrium

4.1.1.5 Further reading

4.1.2 Nonequilibrium thermodynamics

4.1.2.1 General microscopic balance equation

4.1.2.2 Mass balance

4.1.2.3 Linear momentum balance

4.1.2.4 Kinetic energy balance

4.1.2.5 Potential energy balance

4.1.2.6 Mechanical energy balance

4.1.2.7 Total energy balance

4.1.2.8 Entropy balance

4.1.2.9 Local equilibrium postulate

4.1.2.10 Local entropy generation

4.2 Applications

4.2.1 Nanoparticle-protein interactions

4.2.2 Nanoparticle-membrane interactions

4.2.2.1 Toward a multiscale approach

4.3 Conclusions

5 Nanogels for drug delivery: physicochemical properties, biological behavior, and in vivo applications

Abbreviations

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Properties and classification of nanogels

5.2.1 Swelling

5.2.2 Mechanical properties

5.2.3 Nnanogel-forming components

5.2.3.1 Natural polymers

5.2.3.1.1 Sodium carboxymethylcellulose

5.2.3.1.2 Polysaccharides

5.2.3.2 Synthetic polymers

5.2.3.2.1 Polyacrylic acid

5.2.3.2.2 Polyacrylamide

5.2.3.2.3 Poloxamer 407

5.2.3.3 Synthetic polypeptides

5.2.3.4 Conducting polymers.

5.2.3.5 N, Si, P-containing and CDMA-based nanogels

5.2.3.6 Organic-inorganic hybrid nanogels

5.2.3.7 Poly(2-oxazoline)-based nanogels

5.3 Nanogel structure

5.3.1 Hollow nanogels

5.3.2 Multilayer nanogels

5.3.3 Cross-linked nanogels

5.3.4 Hairy nanogels

5.4 Methods of nanogels synthesis

5.4.1 UV cross-linking

5.4.2 Radiation cross-linking

5.4.3 Emulsification-evaporation method

5.4.4 Miniemulsion technique

5.4.5 Ionic gelation method

5.4.6 Ultrasound-assisted precipitation/polymerization

5.4.7 Self-assembled nanogels

5.5 Biological and stimuli-responsive properties

5.5.1 Adhesion

5.5.2 Nanogels overcoming biological barriers

5.5.2.1 Improvement of intracellular uptake in vitro

5.5.2.2 Overcoming the blood-brain barrier

5.5.3 Stimuli-responsive properties

5.5.3.1 X-ray release

5.5.3.2 Magnetic navigation

5.5.3.3 Reduction-responsive polypeptide nanogels

5.5.3.4 Disulfide-containing nanogels

5.6 Nanogels applications

5.6.1 Antitumor activity

5.6.1.1 Chemo- and radiation therapy

5.6.1.2 Immunotherapy

5.6.2 Wound dressing

5.6.3 Magnetic resonance imaging

5.6.4 Regeneration of bone and soft tissues

5.6.5 Strategies of virus: virus-mimicking and pro-antigen nanogels

5.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

6 The role of blood-brain and blood-retinal barriers in drug delivery

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Structure and drug transport across blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier

6.2.1 Blood-brain barrier

6.2.2 Functions of the blood-brain barrier

6.2.2.1 Physical barrier

6.2.2.2 Metabolic barrier

6.2.2.3 Transport barrier

6.2.3 Histology

6.2.3.1 Junctions between endothelial cells

6.2.3.2 Adherent unions

6.2.3.3 Other components of the neurovascular unit

6.2.3.4 Transportation systems.

6.2.3.5 Passive transport systems

6.2.3.6 Active transport systems

6.2.3.6.1 Endocytosis

6.2.3.6.2 Transporter mediated systems

6.2.3.6.3 Efflux transporters

6.2.4 Blood-retinal barrier

6.3 Drug delivery systems

6.3.1 Gel-based strategies

6.3.1.1 In situ forming gels

6.3.1.2 Combination of gels and drug delivery systems

6.3.2 Biodegradable nanoparticles

6.3.3 Liposomes

6.4 Conclusions

6.5 Future prospectives

7 Nanotechnology and stem cell therapy for combating COVID-19

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Nano-based drug delivery systems

7.2.1 Nano-based vaccines

7.3 Mesenchymal stem cells as a promising therapy for COVID-19

7.3.1 Clinical trials on mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19

7.3.2 Challenges in the clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cells therapy

7.4 Regulatory and ethical considerations for cell-based therapies in COVID-19

7.5 Conclusion

8 Lipid nanoparticles-based semisolid formulations for cosmetic applications: focus on cellulite

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Cellulite

8.3 Treatment strategies for cellulite-emphasis on compounds used in topical application

8.4 Formulations for skin delivery of pharmacologically active substances containing lipid nanoparticles

8.4.1 Incorporation of lipid nanoparticles in topical creams

8.4.2 Incorporation of nanoparticles in gels

8.4.3 Cosmetic characteristics of lipid nanoparticles

8.5 Conclusions

9 3D bioprinting: An innovative technique for biofabrication applied to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Technical considerations in 3D bioprinting

9.2.1 3D bioprinting process

9.2.2 3D bioprinting techniques

9.2.2.1 Inkjet bioprinting

9.2.2.2 Extrusion bioprinting

9.2.2.3 Laser-assisted bioprinting.

9.2.2.4 Stereolithography

9.2.2.5 Other techniques

9.2.3 Bioinks: biomaterials for 3D bioprinting

9.3 3D bioprinting of soft and hard tissues

9.3.1 3D bioprinting of soft tissues

9.3.2 3D bioprinting of hard tissues

9.4 3D bioprinting applications in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering

9.4.1 Skin tissue

9.4.2 Bone and cartilage

9.4.3 Vasculature and muscle

9.4.4 Neural tissue

9.5 Challenges in 3D bioprinting

9.6 Concluding remarks and future prospects

10 Stem cells, organoids, and cellular therapy

10.1 Background

10.2 Stem cells

10.3 Extracellular vesicles

10.3.1 Mesenchymal cell-derived extracellular vesicles

10.4 Application of mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes in regenerative medicine

10.4.1 Animal models

10.4.2 Clinical trials

10.5 Organoids and 3D culture technology

10.5.1 2D versus 3D cultures

10.5.2 Stem cell spheroids and organoids

10.5.3 Application of stem cell spheroids and organoids

10.6 Conclusion and future perspectives

Acknowledgment

11 Platelet-rich plasma, their growth factors, cytokines and clinical use

11.1 Definition, production, and ways of use of platelet-rich plasma

11.2 Platelet alpha granules and their main released factors

11.2.1 Tissue regeneration/healing process

11.2.2 Immunomodulation

11.2.2.1 Analgesia and anti-inflammatory agents

11.2.2.2 Proinflammatory agents

11.2.3 Apoptosis

11.2.3.1 Pro-apoptosis agents

11.2.3.2 Antiapoptosis

11.2.4 Platelet-rich plasma classification

11.3 Platelet-rich plasma and tissue regeneration

11.3.1 Physiologic wound healing

11.3.2 Wound healing in diabetes mellitus

11.3.3 Diabetic foot ulcer treatment

11.3.4 Platelet-rich plasma regeneration in other tissues.

11.4 Platelet-rich plasma and immunomodulation and apoptosis properties.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Santana, Maria Helena Andrade Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine

ISBN:

9780323904322

0323904327