Immunotherapies for Neurologic Diseases.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Dalakas, Marinos C.

Contributor:

Marinos C. Dalakas

Series:

Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series

Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series ; v.Volume 214

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Neurology.

Neurosciences.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1034 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier, 2026.

Summary:

Immunotherapies for Neurologic Diseases, Volume 214 explores how neuroimmunotherapies intervene by targeting key molecules and pathways responsible for tissue damage in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Contents:

Front Cover

Immunotherapies for Neurologic Diseases

Copyright Page

Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 3rd Series

Foreword

Preface

List of contributors

Contents

I. Introduction to neuro-immunotherapies

1 Progress of neuroimmunotherapies: Witnessing an impressive success in the treatment of neurologic autoimmunities

INTRODUCTION

RATIONALE OF SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPIES

WITNESSING THE EVOLUTION OF NEUROIMMUNOTHERAPIES: A 40-YEAR EXPERIENCE

References

Further reading

II. Evolution of autoimmune neurology

2 Autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune dementias, and autoimmune psychotic disorders

INTRODUCTION: AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS VIEWED AS THE CONVERGENCE OF AUTOIMMUNE NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

CLINICAL SYNDROMES BASED ON THE EFFECTS OF SYNAPTIC AUTOANTIBODIES

Autoimmune encephalitis with N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis with antibodies against the glutamate AMPAR and GABA-AR

Autoimmune encephalitis with LGI-1 and CASPR-2 antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis with GABA-BR antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis and neurologic autoimmunity with anti-GlyR antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis with anti-DPPX antibodies

Autoimmune encephalitis syndromes with antibodies against the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) and neurexin 1a

Autoimmune encephalitis with anti-GAD antibodies

Paraneoplastic encephalitis

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN CONNECTION WITH INTRACELLULAR OR ANTISYNAPTIC ANTIBODIES

THE EVOLVING CONCEPT OF AUTOIMMUNE NEUROPSYCHIATRY

EVIDENCE OF PATHOGENICITY OF AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS-ASSOCIATED AUTOANTIBODIES

NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis

LGI1 autoimmune encephalitis

CASPR2 autoimmune encephalitis

AMPAR autoimmune encephalitis

GABA-AR autoimmune encephalitis

POTENTIAL TRIGGERS OF AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS.

Infections

Neoplasms

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND PROGNOSIS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND FUNDING

3 The history of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders of the CNS, PNS, and autonomic nervous systems: Perspective on the past toward a brighter future

ANTIBODIES AND AUTOIMMUNITY

Immunologic self-recognition: the concept of "horror autotoxicus"

Autoantibodies in systemic autoimmunity

EARLY REPORTS OF PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Case reports of neurologic syndromes associated with cancer

Antibodies as the "toxic factor" in paraneoplastic neurologic disease

IDENTIFICATION OF EARLY ANTINEURONAL ANTIBODY TARGETS

PCA-1 (aka "anti-Yo")

ANNA-1 (aka "anti-Hu")

ANNA-2 (aka "anti-Ri")

High-risk antibodies

CELL SURFACE ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC DISEASE

EVOLUTION OF TOOLS FOR ANTIBODY DISCOVERY

EVOLUTION OF THE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

TREATMENT OF PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

THE FUTURE OF PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC DISORDER

III. Basic principles of immune activation in neurologic diseases as related to targeted immunotherapies

4 Role of B cells and pathogenic autoantibodies in autoimmune CNS and PNS neurologic diseases

PRINCIPLES OF B-CELL DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION

Early, antigen-independent B-cell development

B cell response to the antigen

Cluster of differentiation and chemokine markers of B cells

B-cell trophic factors

BAFF, APRIL, and their receptors

Regulatory B cells and related cytokines

B CELL AND AUTOANTIBODY INVOLVEMENT IN NEUROLOGIC AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS

Multiple sclerosis

Evidence of B-cell involvement

Anti-B-cell therapies

AQP4-Ab-positive neuromyelitis optica

Evidence of B-cell involvement.

The evolving therapeutic algorithm

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-related disease

Autoimmune encephalitis

Chronic autoimmune polyneuropathies

Stiff-person syndrome spectrum disorders

Myasthenia gravis

Inflammatory myopathies

Autoimmune neurologic disorders with IgG4-antibodies

B CELL-TARGETED THERAPY HAS INTRODUCED A NEW ERA IN NEUROTHERAPEUTICS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND FUNDING

5 Role of complement in neurologic autoimmunities: Why need to target complement activation for effective immunotherapy

INTRODUCTION1

THE COMPLEXITY OF COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AND THE DELICATE BALANCE OF PROTEIN ACTIVATION WITHOUT EXHAUSTION

THE FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

The enzymatic cascades

The classical pathway

The alternative pathway

The lectin pathway

Control of the enzyme cascades

The terminal pathway

Assembly of the lytic membrane attack complex (mac)

Control of the terminal pathway and prevention of the "innocent bystander" process

CD59, the control protein of membrane attack complex assembly

The anaphylatoxin/anaphylatoxin receptor axes and the CNS

COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE NEUROLOGIC DISEASES AND COMPLEMENT-TARGETED THERAPEUTICS

General aspects

Neurologic manifestations of dysfunction of complement proteins, mainly CD59

Complement activation and nervous system autoimmunity

AUTOIMMUNE PNS AND CNS NEUROLOGIC DISEASES WITH COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION

Autoimmune inflammatory muscle diseases

Autoimmune diseases of the neuromuscular junction

Autoimmune peripheral nerve diseases

Guillain-Barré syndromes

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

Multifocal motor neuropathy

IgM-paraproteinemic neuropathies

Small fiber neuropathy and neuropathic pain

Autoimmune neuromyelitis spectrum disorders

Multiple sclerosis and ADEM.

Autoimmune encephalopathies

Neurodegenerative diseases

COMPLEMENT-TARGETED THERAPIES IN AUTOIMMUNE NEUROLOGIC DISEASES: AN IMPRESSIVE PROGRESS

Agents against the pentamolecular complex of C1qC1r2C1s2 and C2

Anti-C1q humanized antibody (ANX005)

Sutimlimab (BIVV009 or TNT009, the humanized form of TNT003)

Riliprubart (SAR445088)

BIVV020A

C1 esterase inhibitor

Agents against C2 (ARG-117)

Agents against C3

High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin

Compstatin

Agents against C5

Eculizumab

Ravulizumab (ultomiris)

Zilucoplan

Gefurulimab (ALXN-1720)

Tesidolumab

SKY59

Crovalimab

Nomacopan

Anti-C5a

Agents against the alternative complement pathway

SAFETY CONCERNS OF COMPLEMENT-TARGETED THERAPIES

CONCLUSIONS

ABBREVIATIONS

6 Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders and neurologic complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors

DEFINITIONS

Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes

IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS (irAEs)

EPIDEMIOLOGY

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Immune system and tumor interactions-general principles

PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC SYNDROME-RELATED MECHANISMS

IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITOR-RELATED AUTOIMMUNITY MECHANISMS

PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC SYNDROMES: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

HIGH-RISK NEUROLOGIC PHENOTYPES

Encephalomyelitis

Limbic encephalitis

Rapidly progressive cerebellar syndrome

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome

Sensory neuronopathy

Gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction

Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

INTERMEDIATE-RISK NEUROLOGIC PHENOTYPES

Encephalitis other than limbic encephalitis

NMDAR encephalitis

Brainstem encephalitis

Morvan syndrome

Isolated myelopathy

Stiff-person syndrome

Polyradiculoneuropathies

PARANEOPLASTIC NEUROLOGIC SYNDROMES: ANCILLARY TESTING.

Imaging, electrophysiology and CSF studies

NEURAL ANTIBODY TESTING

Expression of neural antigens by the tumor

TUMOR SCREENING

NEUROLOGIC IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS

NEUROMUSCULAR IMMUNE-RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS

TREATMENT PRINCIPLES

OUTCOMES

CONCLUSION

IV. Immunotherapeutic agents in autoimmune neurologic diseases: Current and evolving biologics

7 The evolution and current status of anti-B-cell therapies in autoimmune neurologic diseases

ROLE OF B CELLS IN DISORDERS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

THE STATE OF ANTI-B-CELL THERAPY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

KEY CLINICAL TRIALS ON RITUXIMAB THERAPY IN RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

KEY CLINICAL TRIALS ON RITUXIMAB THERAPY IN PRIMARY-PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

REAL-WORLD OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ON RITUXIMAB THERAPY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

KEY CLINICAL TRIALS ON OCRELIZUMAB THERAPY IN RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

KEY CLINICAL TRIALS ON OCRELIZUMAB THERAPY IN PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

REAL-WORLD OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES ON OCRELIZUMAB IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

NOVEL ANTI-B-CELL THERAPIES MORE RECENTLY SHOWING EFFICACY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS TREATMENT

APPROACH TO ANTI-B-CELL THERAPY IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: ESCALATION VERSUS EARLY INTENSIVE THERAPY

THE PATHOGENESIS OF AQUAPORIN-4 ANTIBODY POSITIVE NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDER AND ROLE OF THE B-CELL LINEAGE

RITUXIMAB THERAPY IN NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDER

INEBILIZUMAB THERAPY IN NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA SPECTRUM DISORDER

TREATMENT EFFICACY OF ANTI-B-CELL THERAPIES IN MYELIN OLIGODENDROCYTE GLYCOPROTEIN ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED DISEASE

B-CELL DEPLETION IN SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES WITH NEUROLOGIC INVOLVEMENT.

THE USE OF ANTI-B-CELL THERAPY IN AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS AND OTHER ANTIBODY-ASSOCIATED DISORDERS OF THE CNS.

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ISBN:

0-323-90888-8

0-323-90887-X

9780323908887

OCLC:

1569918609