Photovoltaic module cooling techniques : types, applications, assessment methods, and current and future challenges / Sakhr M. Sultan, Kamaruzzaman Bin Sopian.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sultan, Sakhr M., author.

Sopian, K. (Kamaruzzaman), author.

Contributor:

Bin Sopian, Kamaruzzaman.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photovoltaic cells--Cooling.

Photovoltaic cells.

photovoltaic cells.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xx, 376 pages) : illustrations (some colour)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Cambridge, MA, United States : Elsevier, [2025]

Summary:

Photovoltaic Module Cooling Techniques: Types, Applications, Assessment Methods, and Current and Future Challenges offers an up-to-date, central resource covering the latest photovoltaic module cooling techniques and their application, performance assessment methods, and the current and future challenges.

Contents:

Front Cover

Photovoltaic Module Cooling Techniques

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

About the authors

Acknowledgments

Nomenclature

Introduction

1 Introduction to renewable energy

1.1 Overview of renewable energy

1.2 Importance of renewable energy

1.2.1 Combating climate change

1.2.2 Energy security and independence

1.2.3 Economic benefits and job creation

1.2.4 Public health and environmental protection

1.2.5 Sustainable development

1.2.6 Technological innovation and future prospects

1.2.7 Conclusion

1.3 Introduction to photovoltaics

1.3.1 The photovoltaic effect

1.3.2 How solar energy converts to electrical current

1.3.2.1 Absorption of sunlight

1.3.2.2 Generation of electron-hole pairs

1.3.2.3 Separation of charges

1.3.2.4 Collection of charges

1.3.2.5 Generation of direct current and alternating current

1.3.3 Advancements in solar cell technology

1.3.3.1 Improvement in efficiency

1.3.3.1.1 Monocrystalline and polycrystalline improvements

1.3.3.1.2 Passivated emitter and rear contact technology

1.3.3.1.3 Perovskite solar cells

1.3.3.1.3.1 Advantages of perovskite solar cells

1.3.3.1.4 Tandem solar cells

1.3.3.1.5 Bifacial solar cells

1.3.3.1.6 Transparent solar cells

1.3.3.1.7 Solar panels with energy storage integration

1.3.3.1.8 Solar cell recycling and sustainability

1.3.4 Conclusion

1.4 Introduction to photovoltaic cooling

1.4.1 Why cooling is necessary for photovoltaic systems

1.4.2 Type of photovoltaic cooling systems

1.4.2.1 Active photovoltaic cooling

1.4.2.2 Common active photovoltaic cooling methods

1.4.2.2.1 Liquid-based cooling (thermal management with fluids)

1.4.2.2.2 Air cooling

1.4.2.2.3 Phase change materials

1.4.2.2.4 Thermoelectric cooling.

1.4.3 Benefits of active photovoltaic cooling

1.4.3.1 Increased efficiency

1.4.3.2 Extended lifespan

1.4.3.3 Enhanced performance in hot climates

1.4.3.4 Integration with energy storage

1.4.4 Challenges and considerations

1.4.5 Future of active photovoltaic cooling

1.4.6 Passive cooling

1.4.7 Challenges and limitations

1.4.8 Hybrid cooling

1.4.9 Advancements in photovoltaic cooling technology

1.5 Introduction to wind energy

1.5.1 How wind energy converts to electrical current

1.5.2 Important elements affecting wind energy efficiency

1.5.3 Advancements in wind energy technology

1.6 Introduction to hydropower energy

1.6.1 How hydropower converts to electrical current

1.6.2 Hydropower plant types

1.6.3 Elements that affect efficiency

1.6.4 Social and environmental aspects

1.6.5 Technological advancements in hydropower

1.7 Introduction to geothermal energy

1.7.1 How geothermal energy is converted to electrical current

1.7.2 Stages of geothermal energy conversion

1.7.2.1 Exploration and drilling

1.7.2.2 Extraction of heat

1.7.2.3 Electricity generation

1.7.2.3.1 Dry steam power plants

1.7.2.3.2 Power plants using flash steam

1.7.2.3.3 Power plants using binary cycles

1.7.2.4 Reinjection and reservoir sustainability

1.7.3 Important elements of geothermal power facilities

1.7.4 Efficiency and optimization

1.7.5 Environmental and economic benefits

1.7.6 Challenges and future prospects

1.7.6.1 Challenges

1.7.6.2 Prospects for the future

1.8 Introduction to biomass energy

1.8.1 How biomass energy is converted to electrical current

1.8.1.1 Basics of biomass energy

1.8.1.2 Routes to the production of electricity

1.8.1.3 Essential elements of biomass power facilities

1.8.1.4 Advantages of biomass power.

1.8.1.5 Challenges and opportunities obstacles

1.9 Introduction to ocean energy

1.9.1 How ocean energy is converted to electrical current

1.9.1.1 Tidal energy

1.9.1.1.1 Tidal stream systems

1.9.1.1.2 Tidal range systems

1.9.1.2 Wave energy

1.9.1.2.1 Point absorbers

1.9.1.2.2 Oscillating water columns

1.9.1.2.3 Attenuators

1.9.1.2.4 Over-topping devices

1.9.1.3 Ocean thermal energy conversion

1.9.1.4 Salinity gradient energy

1.9.1.4.1 Reverse electrodialysis

1.9.1.4.2 Pressure-retarded osmosis

1.9.2 Challenges and future of ocean energy

AI disclosure

References

2 Existing photovoltaic cooling techniques: types and applications

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Photovoltaic technology

2.3 Photovoltaic cooling

2.3.1 Passive cooling

2.3.2 Heat sink

2.3.3 Phase change materials

2.3.4 Thermosyphon

2.3.5 Thermoelectric generator

2.4 Active cooling

2.4.1 Water and nanofluid cooling (liquid cooling)

2.4.2 Air cooling

2.5 Combined cooling

2.6 Summary

3 Temperature-dependent photovoltaic efficiency and power difference factors-photovoltaic cooling techniques

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The photovoltaic efficiency for photovoltaic with and without applying a cooling technique

3.2.1 The temperature-dependent photovoltaic efficiency difference factor, FTDED

3.2.2 Significance of the sign of FTDED or ∆η

3.2.3 Applicability conditions of FTDED or ∆η

3.2.4 Application and discussions

3.3 A temperature dependent photovoltaic efficiency difference factor for cost reduction in field evaluation of photovoltaic module cooling techniques

3.3.1 The modified temperature-dependent photovoltaic efficiency difference factor, FMTDED

3.4 The photovoltaic module efficiency difference factor, FED

3.4.1 Significance of the sign ofFED.

3.4.2 Applicability conditions of FED

3.4.3 The similarities and differences between the FED and the FTDED

3.4.4 A comparison summary between the FTDED and FED

3.4.5 Application and discussions

3.5 Summary

4 The cost-effectiveness factor-photovoltaic cooling techniques

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor, FCE

4.2.1 Significance of the Value of FCE

4.2.2 The minimum value of photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor

4.2.3 The production cost-effective and not production cost-effective areas

4.2.4 Applicability conditions and limitations of the proposed method

4.2.5 Application and discussion

4.2.5.1 The effect of FCE and FCE,min on different photovoltaic coolers

4.2.5.2 The effect of the raw materials costs on the photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor

4.2.5.2.1 The effect of changing the cost of one watt of photovoltaic power on the photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor

4.2.5.2.2 The effect of changing the manufacturing cost of the photovoltaic cooler on the photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor

4.2.5.3 The effect of changing the output power value of a photovoltaic without a cooler on the photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor and its minimum value

4.3 The series and parallel combination of the solar cells

4.3.1 The modified photovoltaic cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor, FMCE

4.3.2 The modfied method for evaluating the production cost-effectiveness of the photovoltaic coolers in forced convection mode.

4.3.2.1 The modified minimum value of modified photovoltaic cooling technique production cost effectiveness factor for natural or forced convection mode

4.3.2.2 Significance of the value of FMCE and FCE,fc

4.3.2.3 The production cost-effective and not production cost-effective areas for natural and forced convection modes

4.3.2.3.1 For natural convection mode

4.3.2.3.2 For forced convection mode

4.3.2.4 Applicability conditions and limitations of FMCE and FCE,fc

4.3.3 Application and discussions

4.3.3.1 The modified photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor in natural convection mode

4.3.3.1.1 The effect of changing the number of solar cells on the modified photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor in natural convection mode

4.3.3.1.2 The effect of changing the output power of the solar cell on the modified photovoltaic cooling technique production cost-effectiveness factor in natural convection mode

4.3.3.1.3 The cost benefit of applying FMCE as compared with FCE

4.3.3.2 The proposed method to evaluate the production cost effectiveness of the photovoltaic cooler in forced convection mode

4.3.3.2.1 The effect of changing the pumping power of the photovoltaic cooler on FCE,fc

4.4 The photovoltaic cooler's area and cost-effectiveness factor, FCAE

4.4.1 The minimum value of photovoltaic cooler area and cost-effectiveness factor, FCAE,min

4.4.2 Significance of FCAE value

4.4.3 The applicability conditions of FCAE

4.4.4 Application and discussions

4.4.4.1 The effect of the FCAE and FCAE,min on different PV coolers

4.4.4.2 The effect of changing the area of the photovoltaic cooler on FCAE

4.4.4.3 The effect of changing the area of the photovoltaic on FCAE.

4.4.4.4 The effect of changing the cost of manufacturing of the photovoltaic cooler on FCAE.

Notes:

Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on November 13, 2025).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

0-443-33938-4

0-443-33937-6

9780443339387

0443339384

OCLC:

1534807509