Emerging strategies in antibacterial drug resistance management : mechanisms, challenges, and novel interventions / Ajmer Singh Grewal, [and four others] editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Grewal, Ajmer Singh, editor.

Series:

Microbiology research advances series.

Microbiology Research Advances Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drug resistance in microorganisms.

Anti-infective agents.

Bacterial diseases--Complications.

Bacterial diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (308 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2024]

Summary:

"This book is an in-depth and comprehensive resource that addresses the growing crisis of antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR). This book delves into the complexities of AMR, offering a detailed exploration of the mechanisms behind resistance, the environmental and genetic factors that facilitate it, and the broad ecological impacts it has. This book begins with an introduction to antimicrobial drug resistance, setting a foundational understanding of the scope and scale of the problem. It then progresses into a thorough analysis of the mechanisms by which microbes develop resistance, such as genetic mutations and the acquisition of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to examining the environmental and genetic factors associated with antimicrobial drug resistance. Additionally, the text explores the impact of antimicrobial drugs on micro-biodiversity, shedding light on how these drugs disrupt microbial communities and the balance of ecosystems. This book also considers the indirect effects of antimicrobial drugs on flora and fauna, emphasizing the far-reaching ecological consequences of widespread antimicrobial use. A central theme of the book is the exploration of emerging strategies in antibacterial drug resistance management. It discusses novel mechanisms and interventions that are being developed to combat resistance, highlighting the innovative approaches and the challenges they face. This book also explores anti-virulence therapeutic approaches that target the virulence factors of bacteria rather than their viability, thus reducing the selective pressure for resistance. Other cutting-edge strategies include targeting microbial biofilms, which are structured communities of bacteria that are particularly resistant to antibiotics and developing targeted drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments. Natural products are another area of focus, with chapters dedicated to the potential of algal products and lantibiotics as alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Further, the book addresses the challenges of water and sanitation in relation to AMR, emphasizing the role of inadequate infrastructure and poor practices in the spread of resistant microbes. The influence of poultry farming on AMR is examined, highlighting the extensive use of antibiotics in agriculture and its impact on resistance patterns. Advanced topics include the application of computational biology and nanotechnology in the fight against AMR. Computational biology aids in the prediction and design of new antimicrobial agents, while nanotechnology-based approaches offer innovative solutions for overcoming bacterial defences. This book also touches on the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial drug resistance, discussing how the pandemic has influenced resistance patterns and healthcare practices. It concludes by framing AMR as a global menace with significant social health and environmental implications, stressing the urgent need for coordinated global action. This book is an essential reference for researchers, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. It provides a holistic view of the AMR crisis and offers a diverse array of strategies to mitigate this critical global health threat"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Introduction to Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Abstract

Abbreviations

Introduction

Antibiotic Resistance

Pathogenic Microorganisms and Hyper Drug-Resistant Means

Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and M. tuberculosis

Pharmaceutical Resistance Mechanisms and V. cholerae

Candida Species and Mechanisms of Drug Resistance

Whether to Be Resistant or Not: The Reasons Behind and Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Development and Transmission among Bacteria

Resistance Gene Transmission: Horizontal and Vertical

Issues Affecting the Development of Novel Antibiotics

Traditional Antibacterial Resistance's Difficulties

Novel Antimicrobials

Inhibitors of β-Lactamase

Combination Antibiotic Treatment

Vaccines

New Approaches to Address Antibacterial Resistance

Combinatorial Therapy Approach

Bacteriophage Therapy Approach

Immuno-Therapeutic Approaches

CRISPR/Cas Based Approaches

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Antibacterial Medication Action Mechanisms

Interference with the Creation of the Cell Wall

Protein Synthesis Inhibition

Disruption of the Production of Nucleic Acids

Inhibiting DNA Dynthesis

Suppress RNA Synthesis

Mechanisms of Developing Antibacterial Resistance

Antibiotic Molecule Modification

Antibiotic Molecule Destruction

Reduced Antibiotic Entry and Increased Efflux

Reduced Permeability

Efflux Pumps

Changes in Target Sites

Target Protection

Modification of the Target Site

Mutations Result in Changes to the Target Site

Chapter 3

Environmental and Genetic Factors Associated with Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Introduction.

Selection of AMR due to Environmental Stress Factors

Limitation of Nutrients

Oxidative Stress

Enveloping Stress

Environment Development of Resistance

Impact of Pollution and Evolution of AMR Genes

Natural AMR

Challenges Faced in AMR in India

Genetic Factors Associated with AMR

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Mutation

Mobile Genetic Element

Chapter 4

Effect of Antimicrobial Drugs on Micro-Diversity

Abbreviation

The Intricate Impact of Antimicrobial Drugs on Microbial Diversity

Microbial Communities in the Human Gut: A Microcosm of Effects

Soil Ecosystems: Beneath the Surface Effects

Aquatic Ecosystems: From Rivers to Oceans

Disruption of Ecosystem Dynamics

Research and Strategizing for Balance

Balancing Benefits and Preservation

A Precise Approach to Treatment

A Microbial Toolbox: Harnessing Microbes as Allies

Holistic Approaches: Integrating Clinical and Environmental Considerations

Collaboration for Comprehensive Understanding

Ecological Insight Informing Clinical Practice

Policymaking for Sustainable Solutions

A Holistic Strategy for Mitigation

Educating for Awareness and Action

Chapter 5

Indirect Effects of Antimicrobial Drugs on Flora and Fauna

Some Direct Effects of Antimicrobials on Flora and Fauna

Treatment of Disease

Resisting the Outbreak

Growing Biodiversity

Indirect Effect of Antimicrobials

Antibiotic Residues in the Environment

Effect on Marine Fauna and Flora

Antibiotic Residues in Water Systems

Impact on Soil Microbial Communities

Antibiotic-Induced Changes in Plant Physiology

Faunal Responses to Antibiotic Residues

Impact on Microbial Communities.

Alterations in Microbial Diversity and Abundance

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Ecological Consequences in Soil and Water Environments

Selective Pressures and Co-Selection of Resistance

Resilience and Recovery of Microbial Communities

Ecotoxicological Effects on Fauna

Aquatic Fauna

Impact on Fish

Impact on Aquatic Invertebrates

Terrestrial Fauna

Impact on Soil Invertebrates

Impact on Vertebrates

Mechanisms of Toxicity

Human Health Concerns

Emergence and Spread

Impact on Treatment Efficacy

Disruption of the Human Microbiome

Alteration of Gut Microbiota

Long-Term Health Consequences

Adverse Effects and Allergic Reactions

Immediate Adverse Reactions

Long-Term Safety Concerns

Chapter 6

Strategies for Prevention of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

International/National Measures/Strategies on AMR

International Measures

National Strategies

Awareness at the Community Level on Rational Use of Antibiotics

Rational Use of Antibiotics

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Antibiotics

Guidelines for the Use of Antibiotics at Local Levels

Standards of Hygiene

Other Approaches

Strategies for Prevention to Reduce AMR

Conventional Anti-Microbials and Combination Therapy-Based Approach

Drug Delivery System-Based Approach

Bacteria Resistant to Antibiotics: An Approach

An Enzyme-Based Strategy Resistant to Microbes

Enzymes That Degrade Polysaccharides

Lysozyme

Amylases

Lyase Alginate

The Enzymes That Digest Proteins

Lipoprotein

Supplementary Materials

Lysins Of Bacteriophages

Enzymes Oxidative

Enzymes That Produce Hydrogen Peroxide

Enzymes Sensitive to Hydrogen Peroxide

Enzymes That Sense Anti-Quorum

Physicochemical Methods.

Atmospheric Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma (APNTP)

Sonodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Photoinactivation

Other Physicochemical Means

Vaccines Potential Role in Combating AMR Pathogens

Chapter 7

Emerging Strategies in Antibacterial Drug Resistance Management: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Novel Interventions

Combinational Drug Therapy

Bacteriophage

Antimicrobial Adjuvants

Natural Product-Based Hybrid Molecule

Nanotechnology for Targeted Drug Delivery

Dendrimers

Liposomes

Metal Ions

Chapter 8

Outer Membrane Permeability Enhancer

Structure of the Outer Membrane

Lipopolysaccharides

Porins

Periplasmic Space

Peptidoglycan

Environmental Influences (Plasticity)

Barrier Function Rather than Target Site

Molecular Properties Necessary for Antibiotic Penetration

Strategies to Overcome Penetration Constraints

Permeabilizing Agents

Effects on Outer Membrane Permeability

Intracellular Delivery of Biocides

Membrane Permeabilization

Permeation Enhancers

Lipid-Based Permeation Enhancers

Phospholipids

Essential Fatty Acids

Compounds Derived from Plant

Terpenes

Flavonoids

Protein-Based Permeation Enhancers

Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs)

Enzymes

Adsorbents

Saponins

Bile Salts

Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sources

Marine Peptides

Marine Oils

Chitosan

Cyclodextrins

Aloe Vera Gel

Glycyrrhizin

Menthol

Polyphenols

Acid Hyaluronic

Silica Nanoparticles

Quillaja Saponins

Peppermint Oil

Chapter 9

Role of Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

Types of Bacterial Efflux Systems

ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Superfamily

Resistance Nodulation Cell Division (RND) Superfamily

Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS)

Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion (MATE) Family

Small Multidrug Resistance (SMR) Family

Proteobacterial Antimicrobial Compound Efflux (PACE) Family

Efflux Pump Inhibitors (EPIs)

Synthetic EPIs

Naturally Derived EPIs

Current Challenges and Future Aspects for EPIs

Chapter 10

Anti-Virulence Therapeutic Approaches

Virulence Factors and Mechanisms

Mechanisms of Anti-Virulence Therapies

Challenges and Limitations of Anti-Virulence Therapies

Future Perspectives and Emerging Trends

Advancements in Target Identification and Validation

Personalized Anti-Virulence Therapies

Combination Approaches

Ethical and Social Considerations

Balancing Anti-Virulence with Microbiome Preservation

Equity and Access to Anti-Virulence Therapies

Ethical Challenges in Phage Therapy and Genetic Manipulation

Chapter 11

Targeting Microbial Biofilms

Current Approaches for Targeting Microbial Biofilms

EPS-Targeting Strategies

Targeting EPS Synthesis, Secretion and Binding of EPS Adhesions

Targeting the EPS Chemical Composition, Structure and Inducing Biofilm Dispersal

EPS-Targeted Epitopes within the Polysaccharide

Enterococcus faecalis Vaccine for Urinary Tract Infections Associated with Catheter

Multivalent Vaccine for Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Targeting Integration Host Factor (IHF)

Targeting Quorum Sensing

Quorum Sensing Autoinducer 2 (AI-2)

Autoinducing Peptide Type I (AIP-I)

Metabolic Interference

Targeting Dormant Cells in Biofilms.

Acyldepsipeptide Antibiotic (ADEP4).

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9798895301401