Endophytes : types, potential uses and mechanism(s) of action / edited by Pragya Tiwari.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Tiwari, Pragya, editor.

Series:

Microbiology Research Advances

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Endophytes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (372 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, New York : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, [2022]

Summary:

"Endophytes are organisms that live between living plant cells and do not cause disease. Endophytes are ubiquitously present in diverse plant species, demonstrating a co-evolution with the plant host. Furthermore, different classes of microbial species, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes colonize the internal plant tissues, leading to a wide range of implications. The medicinal plants associated with endophytes have been extensively studied as a potential source of bioactive compounds, with pharmacological attributes and biotechnological applications. Scientific breakthroughs in whole genome sequencing and annotation of endophyte-associated gene/metabolic pathways provided key insights into functional mechanisms and their dynamics within plants. Studies have highlighted the socio-economic implications of fungal endophytes in the environment, agriculture, and medicine with considerable success. Although extensively studied as a "production platform" of novel pharmacological metabolites, the molecular mechanisms of plant-endophyte dynamics remain less understood/explored for their efficient utilization in drug discovery and other biotechnological applications. This book aims to provide comprehensive knowledge about the multifaceted applications of endophytes"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1

Endophytes and Their Emerging Importance in the Environment

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Endophytism Explained

3. Isolated Microbial Endophytes

4. Distribution of Endophytes in Plants

5. Isolation and Colonization

6. Plant-Endophyte Relationship

7. Biological Control by Endophytes

8. Promotion of Growth by Endophytes

9. Bioremediation

10. Phytoremedation

11. Further Uses of Endophytes

Discussions on Future Prospects

Author's Contribution

Conflicts of Interest

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2

Molecular and Biochemical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Endophytes

2. The Plant-Endophyte Interface

3. Plant Associated Endophytes

4. Bacterial Endophytes

5. Fungal Endophytes

6. Beneficial Effects of Bacterial Endophytes on the Host Plant

7. Isolation and Identification of Endophytes from Different Sources

8. Bioactive Compounds from Endophytes

9. Scientific Methods for Screening and Isolation of Endophytes

10. Molecular Methods

10.1. Sample Collection and Preparation

10.2. Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Microorganisms

10.3. Biochemical Methods

11. Auxin Indole-3-Acetic Acid

12. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

Conflict of Interests

Chapter 3

Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes from Medicinal Plants and Bio-Prospection of Their Secondary Metabolites

2. Endophytes

2.1. Colonization Mechanism of Endophytes

2.2. Isolation of Endophytes

2.3. Bacterial Endophytes

2.4. Fungal Endophytes

3. Bio-Prospection of Secondary Metabolites Produced by Endophytes

Chapter 4.

Exploring the Multi-Faceted Endophytes to Enhance Plant Growth and Tolerance toward Environmental Stress

2. Diversity of Endophytes under Various Environmental Conditions

3. Endophytic Colonization and Chemical Dialogues between the Plants and Microbes

4. Molecular Signals Involved in Plant Growth Promotion

5. Impact on Secondary Metabolite Production in Plants Upon Endophyte Colonization

6. Assist in Nutrient Acquisition in Plants

7. Phytohormone Production and Plant Growth Promotion

8. Biocontrol Activity against Phytopathogens

9. Bacterial Endophytes Induce Plant Defense against Infection

Chapter 5

Some Significant Case Studies on Plant-Associated Endophytes

2. Classification of Endophytes

3. Endophytes and Their Mechanism of Action

4. Application of Endophytes

4.1. Biodegradation of Plastics

4.2. Insecticides

4.3. Feeding Deterrence

4.4. Increased Drought Tolerance

4.5. Increased Heavy Metal Tolerance

4.6. Increased Salt Stress Tolerance

5. Study of Invasive Phragmites australis

5.1. Increase in Oxidative Stress Tolerance

6. Microbe-Mediated Nitrogen Scavenging Phragmites australis Studies

7. Bacterial Endophytes Inhibit the Fungal Pathogens

8. Endophytes for Wastewater Treatment

9. Nutrients Move from Microbes to Plants

10. Endophytes are Bodyguards of Plants

Chapter 6

Endophytic Actinomycetes: Overview, Distribution, and Multi-Faceted Applications

2. Endophytic Actinomycetes: Overview, Phylogenetic Distribution, and Screening/Isolation Methods

2.1. Microbiological Methods.

2.1.1. Isolation of Endophytic Actinomycetes and Their Relative Abundance

2.1.2. Isolation of Actinobacteria Strains

2.1.3. Preliminary Identification of Actinomycetes

2.1.4. Screening of Antagonistic Actinomycetes

2.1.5. Antibacterial Spectra of Antagonistic Actinomycetes

2.1.6. Identification of Antagonistic Strains

2.2. Molecular and Biochemical Approaches

2.2.1. Wild Medicinal Plants

2.2.2. Surface Sterilization

2.2.3. Identification of Actinomycetes

2.2.4. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity

2.3. Computational Methods

3. Mechanisms of Plant Endophytic Actinomycetes Association and Their Advantages

3.1. Protective and Signaling Mechanisms for Plant Growth Promotion and Soil Health

3.2. Bioactive Metabolite Production and Pharmacological Significance

3.2.1. Bioactive Compounds from Endophytes

3.3. Application of Endophytic Actinomycetes in Agriculture as Phytostimulants, and Biofertilizers for High Yield and Productivity

3.4. Environmental Applications

3.4.1. Bioremediation/Biodegradation

3.4.2. Biocontrol Agents

3.4.3. Nutrient Cycling

4. Different "Omics" Approaches in Socio-Economic Applications of Endophytic Actinomycetes

4.1. Genomics and Its Applications of Endophytic Actinomycetes

4.2. Transcriptomics Approach for Identification of Secondary Metabolites in Endophytic Actinomycetes

4.3. Impact of Proteomics on Discovery of Antibiotics in Endophytic Actinomycetes

4.4. Metabolomics Tool for the Investigation of Secondary Metabolites in Endophytic Actinomycetes

4.5. Meta-Omics Approaches to Explore Peculiar Molecules in Endophytic Actinomycetes

5. Present Scenario and Emerging Importance of Endophytic Actinomycetes

5.1. Endophytic Actinomycetes and Their Role in Plant Defense

Conclusion: Endophytic Actinomycetes and Abiotic Stresses Tolerance in Plants.

Acknowledgments

Chapter 7

Bio-Prospection of Endophytes and Yield Improvement Strategies for the Production of High-Value Metabolites

2. Endophytic Diversity

3. Endophyte - Plant Associations and Applications

3.1. Secondary Metabolites

3.2. Plant Growth and Its Mechanisms

4. Yield Improvement Strategies for Pharmaceutical Metabolites

4.1. Strain Improvement

4.1.1. Classical Genetic Method

4.1.2. Molecular Genetic Method

4.2. Bioprocess Optimization

4.2.1. Optimization of Fermentation Parameters

4.2.2. Elicitor/Inhibition Addition

4.2.3. Precursor Feeding

4.2.4. Use of Adsorbent Resin/Solid Supports

4.2.5. Strategies for Genomic Stability

4.2.6. Co-Cultivation and Mixed Fermentation

4.2.7. Use of Epigenetic Modifiers

Chapter 8

Nanoparticles from Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes: Synthesis and Applications

1.1. Types of Nano-Materials

2. Nanoparticles

2.1. Synthesis of NPS - Pros and Cons of Various Methods

3. Green Approach/Biological Methods

4. Endosymbionts

4.1. Fungal Endophytes

4.2. Bacterial Endophytes

5. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles via Endosymbionts

5.1. Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Bacterial Endosymbionts

5.2. Synthesis of Nanoparticles by Fungal Endosymbionts

5.3. Characterization of Nanoparticles

5.3.1. Size

5.3.2. Shape/Morphology

5.3.3. Structure/Composition

5.3.3.1. Atomic Spectroscopy

5.3.3.2. Powder Diffraction

5.3.3.3. X-ray Spectroscopy

5.3.4. Surface

5.3.4.1. Surface Area

6. Applications of Endosymbionts-Mediated Nanoparticles

6.1. Antibacterial Properties of Endosymbiont- Mediated Nanoparticles (ES-NP).

6.2. Antifungal Properties of Endosymbiont-Mediated Nanoparticles (ES-NP)

6.3. Antioxidant Properties of Endosymbiont Mediated Nanoparticles (ES-NP)

6.4. Anti-Cancer Properties of Endosymbiont-Mediated Nanoparticles (ES-NP)

6.5. Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of ES-NP

6.6. Applications of ES-NP's in Creating a Sustainable Environment

Conclusion: Applications of ES-NP's in Creating Sustainable Agriculture

Chapter 9

Contributions of Computational Biology Resources in Endophyte Biology and Research

1.1. Impact of Endophytes on the Host Gene Regulation

1.2. Impact of Endophytes on the Host Transcription

1.3. Impact of Endophytes at the Host Translational Level

1.4. Impact of Endophytes at the Post-Translation Level of Host

2. Computational Tools for the Understanding of Endophytes and Host Interactions

2.1. Computational Tools for the Understanding of Nucleic Acid

2.1.1. Computational Tools for the Understanding of DNA

2.1.2. Computational Tools for the Understanding of RNA

3. Computational Biology as Endophytes Identification

3.1. Computational Tools for Understanding Protein

3.2. Computational Biology in the Understanding Evolution of Species

3.2.1. Genetic Drift

3.2.2. Complex Genotypic to Phenotypic Mapping

3.2.3. Co-Evolution

3.2.4. Multi-Objectivity

3.2.5. Transition in the Organizational Structure

Conclusion and Future Prospects of the Research

Chapter 10

Multi-Omics Approaches for Identification of Endophytes in Agriculture

2. The Plant Microbiota: An Investigation

3. Bacterial Community Catalogues Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

4. Analyses of Fungal Communities by Next-Generation Sequencing.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Tiwari, Pragya Endophytes: Types, Potential Uses and Mechanism(s) of Action

ISBN:

9798886972054