Facial recognition technology : usage by federal law enforcement / Mari F. Burke, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Burke, Mari F., editor.

Series:

Technology in a Globalizing World

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biometric identification--Law and legislation.

Biometric identification.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (212 pages)

Place of Publication:

New York, NY : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2022]

Summary:

Facial recognition--a type of biometric technology--mimics how people identify or verify others by examining their faces. Recent advancements have increased the accuracy of automated FRT resulting in increased use across a range of applications. As the use of facial recognition technology (FRT) continues to expand, it has become increasingly important to understand its use across the federal government in a comprehensive way. Law enforcement agencies' use of FRT has received increased attention from policymakers and the public. Some of the concerns raised revolve around the accuracy of the technology, including potential race-, gender-, and age-related biases; the process of collecting, retaining, and securing images contained in various facial recognition databases; public notification of the use of facial recognition and other image-capturing technology; and policies or standards governing law enforcement agencies' use of the technology. Some of these concerns have manifested in actions such as federal, state, and city efforts to prohibit or bound law enforcement agencies' use of FRT. In addition, some companies producing facial recognition software have placed new barriers to law enforcement using their technologies. This book provides an overview of federal law enforcement agencies' use of FRT, including the current status of scientific standards for its use.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Federal Law Enforcement Use of Facial Recognition Technology(

Summary

Conceptualizing Facial Recognition Technology

Scientific Standards and Facial Recognition Technology

NIST's Role in Facial Recognition Technology

Facial Identification Scientific Working Group

How FRT May be Used by Federal Law Enforcement Agencies

FBI Use of FRT

Next Generation Identification-Interstate Photo System (NGI-IPS)

Facial Analysis, Comparison, and Evaluation (FACE) Services Unit

Federal Law Enforcement FRT Policy Guidance

Policy Considerations Surrounding Federal Law Enforcement Use of FRT

Accuracy and Interpretation of Results

Effects of Errors

Potential Restrictions on Law Enforcement Use of FRT

Privacy and Security

Going Forward

Appendix. NIST Efforts on Facial Recognition Technology

Research

Testing and Evaluation

Technical Guidance and Scientific Support

Standards

Chapter 2

Facial Recognition Technology: Current and Planned Uses by Federal Agencies(

Why GAO Did This Study

What GAO Found

Abbreviations

Background

How Facial Recognition Technology Works

Federal Use of Facial Recognition Technology Systems

Agencies Most Often Reported Using FRT for Digital Access and Domestic Law Enforcement

Eighteen Agencies Reported Using FRT for a Variety of Purposes

Eighteen Agencies Reported Owning and Accessing Facial Recognition Technology

Seventeen Agencies Reported Owning or Accessing Federal FRT Systems

Three Agencies Reported Accessing FRT Systems Owned by State and Local Entities

Six Agencies Accessed Commercial FRT Systems

Ten Agencies Reported Conducting or Supporting FRT-related Research and Development

Four Agencies Reported Other FRT-Related Activities with Nonfederal Entities.

Transactions with Nonfederal Entities to Obtain FRT

Agreements

Contract

Grants

Medical Equipment

Regulating Nonfederal Entities' Use of FRT

Ten Agencies Plan to Expand Use of FRT, Mostly through Use of New FRT Systems

Using New FRT Systems

Use of New Federal FRT Systems

New Access to Existing FRT Systems

Evaluating Existing Systems

Upgrading Existing Systems

Agency Comments

Appendix I : Objectives, Scope, and Methodology

Appendix II : Summaries of Selected Federal Agencies' Facial Recognition Technology Activities

Appendix III : Comments from the U.S. Agency for International Development

Appendix IV : Comments from the Social Security Administration

Chapter 3

Facial Recognition Technology: Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Should Have Better Awareness of Systems Used by Employees(

What GAO Recommends

Federal and Non-Federal Systems with Facial

Recognition Technology

Privacy Laws and Rules

Accuracy of Facial Recognition Technology

Twenty Federal Agencies Reported Owning or Using Systems with Facial Recognition Technology

Eight Agencies Reported Owning Systems with Facial Recognition Technology

Seventeen Federal Agencies Reported Using Systems Owned

by Other Entities

Agencies Reported Using Systems that Varied in the Number and Type of Photos

Federal Agencies Reported Using Systems with Facial Recognition Technology to Support Various Activities

Most Agencies Do Not Track Non- Federal Systems in Use or Related Risks

Appendix I: Federal Agencies That Participated in GAO's Survey Questionnaire on Facial Recognition Technology

Chapter 4

Facial Recognition Technology: Federal Law Enforcement Agencies Should Better Assess Privacy and Other Risks(

What GAO Recommends.

What GAO Found

Federal and Non-Federal Systems with Facial Recognition Technology

Seventeen Federal Agencies Reported Using Systems Owned by Other Entities

Most Agencies Do Not Track Non-Federal Systems in Use or Related Risks

Tracking Use of Non-Federal Systems

Assessing Risks Related to Non-Federal Systems

Conclusion

Recommendations for Executive Action

Agency Comments and Our Evaluation

Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology

Appendix II: Systems with Facial Recognition Technology Owned by Federal Agencies that Employ Law Enforcement Officers

Appendix III: Other Federal Systems with Facial Recognition Technology

Appendix IV: Comments from the Department of Health and Human Services

Appendix V: Comments from the Department of Homeland Security

Appendix VI: Comments from the Department of the Interior

Appendix VII: Comments from the Department of State

Appendix VIII: Comments from the Department of the Treasury

Appendix IX: Comments from the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Appendix X: Comments from the United States Postal Service

Chapter 5

Facial Recognition Technology for Certain Traveler and Noncitizen Identity Verification(

Traveler Verification Service (TVS)

TVS Access through CBP One

Accuracy of TVS

Chapter 6.

U.S. Capitol Attack and Law Enforcement Use of Facial Recognition Technology(

Law Enforcement Use of FRT

Legislative Considerations

Index

Blank Page.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Burke, Mari F. Facial Recognition Technology: Usage by Federal Law Enforcement

ISBN:

9798886971750