Harbours of Byzantium : The Archaeology of Coastal Infrastructures / edited by Alkiviadis Ginalis.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ginalis, Alkiviadis, 1981- editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Byzantine Empire--Civilization.

Byzantine Empire.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (194 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, [2024]

Summary:

Beyond general approaches to the study of Byzantine harbour archaeology, contributions in this volume offer a representative picture of harbour activities across the historical and geographical boundaries of the Byzantine Empire, providing the basis for future comparative research on a local, regional, and supra-regional level.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright page

Contents

List of Figures

1. Byzantine Imperial Policy Towards Building and Maintaining of Ports in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 6th Century AD and the Technology Involved1

Figure 1.1: Straits of Hieron and Eutropius = Rumeli Kavaği and Anadolu Kavaği (Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported).

Figure 1.2a: The headers that build the southern mole at the port of Acre (R. Gertwagen).

Figure 1.2b: The southern mole at the port of Acre (R. Gertwagen).

2. Was Roman Marine Concrete Used in Byzantine Harbour Construction? An Unanswered Question

Figure 2.1: The main harbour of Caesarea. North is to the left. Remains of the Crusader city are visible on land (courtesy of CAHEP).

Figure 2.2: Pulvis Puteolanus from the Naples region (ROMACONS Archive, after Brandon et al. 2014: Fig. 1.1).

Figure 2.3: Roman marine concrete going into the wooden caisson using trip baskets (painting by Robert Teringo, courtesy of the National Geographic Society, used with permission, after Hohlfelder 1987: 264-265).

Figure 2.4: C.J. Brandon (left) and J.P. Oleson (right) coring a Roman pila at Caesarea (ROMACONS Archive).

Figure 2.5: A preliminary field analysis of a marine concrete core sample by J.P. Oleson. Large pieces of aggregate and lime are visible (ROMACONS Archive).

Figure 2.6: Portus Augusti coin issued at the Caesarea mint during the reign of Trajan Decius (AD 249-251).

3. Ports, Harbours, and Landings of the Byzantine Terra d'Otranto

Figure 3.1: Italy c. the early 7th century AD. Approximate Byzantine territories are shaded (after Zanini 1998).

Figure 3.2: The square fort and harbour at Egnazia (Fasano, BR) (Google Earth).

Figure 3.3: Ports, harbours, and landings of Byzantine southern Apulia (P. Arthur).

Figure 3.4: Brindisi columns (the missing column is now in Lecce) in a 1778 sketch by Louis Ducros, and the inscription of Lupus Protospatharios.

Figure 3.5: The small port of Lecce at San Cataldo (courtesy of Giuseppe Ceraudo).

Figure 3.6: The medieval settlement and inlets at Roca Vecchia (courtesy of Theodoro Scarano).

Figure 3.7: An old photograph of stacked ceramic vessels ready to be loaded onto a cargo ship at the Greek island of Skyros. Similar landings may have existed in the Italian Salento region (photographer unknown).

Figure 3.8: San Cristoforo (Melendugno), looking out over the beach, from where a cave appears to have been used for offerings and supplications to deities and saints in the hope of a safe voyage (courtesy of Stefano Calò).

Figure 3.9: San Cristoforo (Melendugno), looking towards the interior of the cave (courtesy of Stefano Calò).

Figure 3.10: The two large and interconnected Alimini Lakes. Previous marshes or lagoonal areas with toponyms and abandoned Byzantine sites have been added (Giuseppe Muci, LAM).

Figure 3.11: Byzantine inscription recording a maritime watch tower in 1042 (after Jacob 2007).

Figure 3.12: The archaeological evidence around Porto Cesareo (based on Google Earth, with additions, LAM).

Figure 3.13: La Strea peninsula, with abundant later Medieval remains - perhaps 13th century AD (Giuseppe Gravili, LAM).

Figure 3.14: Gold signet ring of the eparch Basilios (LAM).

Figure 3.15: The Byzantine wreck of Porto Cesareo (courtesy of Rita Auriemma).

4. The Late Antique and Byzantine Port of Thessalian Thebes - The Archaeology of Its Coastal Infrastructures

Figure 4.1: Archaeological remains of Thessalian Thebes at Nea Anchialos, Greece (A. Ginalis after Karagiorgou 2013: 158, Fig. 138).

Figure 4.2: Part of the paved colonnaded street (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.3: Warehouses or workshops along the paved colonnaded street (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.4: South-eastern breakwater (based on Google Earth).

Figure 4.5a: Part of the sea wall along the south-eastern breakwater excavated in 1986 (Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.5b: Part of the sea wall today (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.6: Superstructure on the south-western breakwater (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.7: Estimated extent of the harbour basin (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.8: Unearthed intersection of the sea walls (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.9: Wall superstructure on the south-western breakwater (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.10: Spoliation of Sarcophagi for mole construction (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.11a: Wooden post of a caisson (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.11b: In situ wooden posts of a caisson (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.12: C14 dates of the wooden posts (after a report by A. Christopoulou et al. 2023, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.13: Frontal facade and walking level of the eastern quay-line, consisting of a single row of ashlar blocks and dressed stones (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.14: Small rectangular notches on ashlar blocks (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.15: A series of flattened blocks and slabs form the walking level of the quay area (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.16: Projecting platform from the quay in the harbour basin (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.17: Mooring stone (after Soteriou 1931: 12, Fig. 9).

Figure 4.18: The estimated development of the harbour basin. a) until 4th c. AD

b) 5th-7th c. AD

c) 7th-8th c. AD

d) modern (A. Ginalis after Karagiorgou 2013: 158, Fig. 138).

Figure 4.19: Widely scattered ashlar blocks and irregularly shaped worked stones along the outer side of the SE breakwater (A. Ginalis).

Figure 4.20: The extent of the outer harbour (A. Ginalis, based on Google Earth).

Figure 4.21: Jetty of the outer harbour (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.22: Stepped inclination and composition of the jetty (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.23: Circular lime kiln next to the jetty (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.24: Composition of the lower part of the firing chamber (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.25: Part of the collapsed vault (A. Gialouri, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

Figure 4.26: Basilica J north of the jetty (A. Ginalis, Greek Ministry of Culture, Ephorate of Antiquities of Magnesia).

5. the Port Facilities of Thessaloniki Up to the Byzantine Era

Figure 5.1: The two ports of the ancient city of Thasos (after Simosi 1995: 136).

Figure 5.2: Facade of the stone construction at Aristoteles Square (A. Tzanabari, Leivadioti 2009: 142, Fig. 56).

Figure 5.3: Plan of the city of Thessaloniki (after Struck 1905: 545).

Figure 5.4: Floor plan of the ancient buildings at Gr. Palamas 16 Street (Adam and Veleni 1989: 233, Fig. 5).

Figure 5.5: Floor plan of the excavation area of the storage complex under the 'Garden Theatre' of Thessaloniki (Tosca 1997: 421, Fig. 1).

Figure 5.6: Excavation site of the warehouse complex north of the harbour (after Chatziioannides and Tsamissis 2013: 204, Fig. 3).

Figure 5.7: Proposed layout of the port of Thessaloniki in the 10th century AD (design by the architect Christos Bardas on the basis of a drawing by Vitali).

Figure 5.8: Dourgouti Cantilever's facade from the West (M. Leivadioti).

Figure 5.9: Dourgouti Cantilever's facade from the South (M. Leivadioti).

Figure 5.10: Dourgouti Cantilever's facade from the East (M. Leivadioti).

Figure 5.11: Drawing of the port of Thessaloniki by M. Vickers (Vickers 1970: 278, Fig. 4).

Figure 5.12: Topographic map of Thessaloniki by Velenis (Velenis 1998: 18, Fig. 1).

Figure 5.13: The port of Thessaloniki (M. Leivadioti after Epameinondas 2014: 67, Fig. 4, based on 1685 drawing by Gravier d'Otières).

Figure 5.14: 3D-Representation of the sea walls around the White Tower (https://www.greecehighdefinition.com/blog/2021/1/26/3d-representation-of-the-byzantine-walls-of-thessaloniki-in-the-19th-century

accessed 18/02/2023).

Figure 5.15: The harbour area of the Byzantine port with the Ecclesiastical Scala (Chatziioannides and Tsamissis 2013: 203, Fig. 1).

Figure 5.16: The cantilever of the sea wall at 34 Proxenou L. Koromila Street (Bakirtzis 1975: 481, Fig. 2).

Figure 5.17: Plan of the maritime fortification of Thessaloniki by the architect-engineer P. Vitali (1871) (Epameinondas 2014: 60, 82-83).

Figure 5.18: Thessaloniki from the Sea. 1865 watercolour by the Italian painter Salacca (Gala-Georgila 2008: 23, Fig. 5).

Figure 5.19: Photograph of Thessaloniki's maritime wall taken by the brothers Abdullah (Jelzet: MNL OL, Festetics család keszthelyi levéltára, Festetics család, Fényképek (P 240), 1. tétel - r/9. - No. 31).

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Ginalis, Alkiviadis Harbours of Byzantium

ISBN:

9781803278148

OCLC:

1450107927