Water Supply and Distribution Systems / edited by Dragan A. Savic and John K. Banyard.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Savic, Dragan A., editor.

Banyard, John K., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Water--Distribution.

Water.

Water utilities.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (418 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Leeds, England : Emerald Publishing Limited, [2024]

Summary:

Water Supply and Distribution Systems, Second editionis a comprehensive introduction to the topic of how water is delivered to homes and businesses throughout the world. It covers fundamental concepts and exploring the latest ideas of good practice.

Contents:

Intro

Halftitle Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the first edition

About the editors

Contributors

Abbreviations

Chapter 1: Historical development of water distribution practice

1.1. Introduction

1.2. History of water treatment and supply

1.3. Evolution of pipeline materials

1.3.1 Iron pipe

1.3.2 Asbestos cement pipe

1.3.3 PVC pipes

1.3.4 MDPE water pipe

1.3.5 Other pipe materials

1.4. Development of pipe flow calculations

1.5. Analysis of pipe networks

1.6. Water distribution engineering in the twenty-first century

References

Chapter 2: Basic hydraulic principles

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Basic fluid properties

2.2.1 Density

2.2.2 Viscosity

2.3. Basic flow equations

2.3.1 Flow and velocity

2.3.2 Flow regime

2.3.3 Mass conservation (continuity) law

2.3.4 Energy conservation law

2.4. Losses in pipes

2.4.1 Friction losses

2.4.1.1 Darcy-Weisbach (Colebrook-White) equation

2.4.1.2 Hazen-Williams equation

2.4.2 Local and minor losses

2.5. Steady flow analysis in networks

2.5.1 Hardy Cross method

2.5.2 Todini-Pilati method

2.5.3 Demand-driven or head-driven analysis

2.6. Unsteady flow analysis in networks

2.6.1 Extended period simulation

2.6.2 Transient flow analysis

2.7. Water quality analysis in networks

Chapter 3: Water demand: estimation, forecasting and management

3.1. Introduction and context

3.2. Variations in water demand

3.3. Components of demand

3.4. Drivers of demand

3.5. Estimating current demand

3.6. Forecasting demand

3.6.1 Commercial

3.6.2 Domestic

3.7. Managing demand

3.7.1 Technical methods

3.7.2 Metering and tariffs

3.7.3 Achievement

3.8. Water neutrality

3.9. Modifying lifestyles.

3.10. Visions for the future

3.10.1 Ultra low use systems

3.10.2 Dual systems

3.10.3 Advanced tariffs

3.10.4 Quotas and advanced payment cards

3.10.5 Behavioural change

3.10.6 Living with environmental and social change

3.10.7 Lowered standards of service

3.10.8 Mutual support vs. local provision

3.11. Conclusions

Chapter 4: Water supply assessment, management and planning

4.1. Introduction

4.1.1 Local, regional and national scale water supply decisions

4.1.2 Physical water challenges

4.1.3 Water management and governance challenges

4.2. Water supply sources

4.2.1 Surface water

4.2.2 Groundwater

4.2.3 Alternative sources

4.2.4 Modelling water supply sources

4.3. Water management

4.3.1 Water demands

4.3.2 Environmental impact of water abstraction

4.3.3 Water allocation

4.3.4 Managing levels of service and water scarcity

4.3.5 The role of economics in managing water

4.3.6 The use of models to inform water management decisions

4.4. Water supply planning

4.4.1 Water planning complexity: multiple uncertainties, sectors and institutions

4.4.2 Water planning approaches, methods and tools

4.4.3 Economics, finance and governance in water supply planning

4.5. Future challenges and opportunities

Chapter 5: Water treatment

5.1. Introduction to water quality

5.2. Water standards, monitoring and regulation

5.3. Introduction to (drinking) water treatment

5.4. Typical treatment methods

5.5. Management of residuals

5.6. Water distribution systems

5.6.1 Introduction to water distribution systems

5.6.2 Water quality

Chapter 6: Distribution network elements

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Pipes

6.2.1 A brief history of water networks and pipe materials

6.2.2 Pipeline design and material selection.

6.2.3 The interaction of pipelines with the local environment

6.2.4 Pipe selection (size and pressure rating)

6.2.4.1 Trunk main

6.2.4.2 Distribution main

6.2.4.3 Service pipes

6.2.5 Protection systems

6.2.5.1 External protection

6.2.5.2 Joint and fittings wrapping

6.2.5.3 Barrier systems

6.2.5.4 Internal protection

6.2.6 Pipe restraint

6.2.7 Pipe jointing

6.2.7.1 Ductile iron pipes

6.2.7.2 PE pipes

6.2.7.3 PVC pipes

6.2.8 Modes of pipeline failure

6.2.8.1 Joint failure

6.2.8.2 Circumferential pipe breaks

6.2.8.3 Longitudinal pipe breaks

6.2.8.4 Pin holes

6.2.8.5 Complications

6.3. Pumps

6.3.1 Performance characteristics

6.3.2 Pump selection

6.4. Valves

6.4.1 Control and operability of distribution networks

6.4.2 Line valves

6.4.2.1 Gate or sluice valve

6.4.2.2 Butterfly valves

6.4.2.3 Eccentric plug valves

6.4.3 Air valves

6.4.4 Automatic control valves

6.4.4.1 Pressure reducing valve (PRV)

6.4.4.2 Pressure sustaining valve (PSV)

6.4.4.3 Burst main valve (BMV)

6.4.4.4 Altitude control valve

6.4.5 Non-return valves (NRV)

6.4.6 Ball float valves

6.5. Service reservoirs

6.5.1 Balancing storage

6.5.2 Contingency storage

6.6. System integration

6.6.1 Regulation and monitoring

6.7. Surge control

Further reading

Chapter 7: Network modelling

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Models

7.2.1 Steady-state modelling

7.2.2 EPS modelling

7.2.3 Water quality modelling

7.2.4 Hydraulic transients

7.3. Basic modelling principles

7.3.1 Complexity

7.3.2 Uncertainty

7.4. Data for network modelling

7.4.1 Water company data

7.4.2 Water consumption and demand assessment

7.5. Model building

7.5.1 Model purpose

7.5.2 Data collection

7.6 Model calibration

7.6.1 Introduction.

7.6.2 Field measurements

7.6.3 Calibration approaches

7.6.4 Some calibration issues

7.6.5 Model maintenance

Chapter 8: Design of water distribution systems

8.1. Introduction

8.2. WDSs requirements

8.2.1 Design objectives

8.2.2 Performance indicators and levels of service

8.2.2.1 Adequacy

8.2.2.2 Serviceability

8.2.2.3 Efficiency

8.2.3 Basic design principles - conventional systems

8.2.4 Basic design principles - intermittent systems

8.3. Optimal design of WDSs

8.3.1 Problem formulation

8.3.1.1 Design variable

8.3.1.2 Constraints

8.3.1.3 Objective functions

8.3.2 Application of multi-objective optimisation to WDSs

8.3.3 Example applications of optimisation for WDSs performance, least cost, equity and reliability design

8.3.3.1 Application of optimisations to WDSs design

8.3.3.2 Determining the optimal level of service

8.3.3.3 Optimisation for the rehabilitation of WDSs

8.3.3.4 Optimisation of equity in intermittent WDSs

8.4. Decentralised WDSs

8.4.1 Methodology for clustering WDSs

8.4.2 Minimisation of source-demand distance

8.4.3 Maximisation of intra-cluster homogeneity and connectivity

8.4.4 Case study application of the clustering methodology

8.5. Planning of WDSs under uncertainty

8.5.1 Global change pressure affecting the future design of WDSs

8.5.1.1 Climate change

8.5.1.2 Population growth and urbanisation

8.5.1.3 Aging and deterioration of infrastructure systems

8.5.2 Design of WDSs under uncertainty

8.6. Introduction to flexible designs for WDSs

8.6.1 Designing for flexibility

8.6.1.1 Uncertainty description and modelling

8.6.1.2 Option identification

8.6.1.3 Generation and valuation of flexibility

8.7. Preparing for outbreaks: implications on resilient WDSs

8.7.1 Water and the pandemic.

8.7.2 Impacts of the stay-at-home orders and lockdowns on water consumption patterns

8.7.3 Impact of stay-at-home orders and lockdowns on water quality

8.7.4 Considerations for Enhancing WDS Resilience for Pandemics and Beyond

Chapter 9: Operation, maintenance and performance

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Historic development of networks and regulation

9.3. Monitoring

9.3.1 Quantity

9.3.2 Quality

9.4. Analysis

9.4.1 Quantity

9.4.2 Quality

9.5. Interventions

9.5.1 Quantity

9.5.1.1 Mains renewal and replacement

9.5.1.2 Open cut

9.5.1.3 Directional drilling

9.5.1.4 Pipe bursting

9.5.1.5 Inserting a new pipe/sliplining

9.5.1.6 Pump scheduling, valve regulation and system optimisation

9.5.1.7 Moving energy consumption in time

9.5.1.8 Reducing peak demand charges

9.5.1.9 Improving pumping efficiency

9.5.1.10 Selecting the lowest cost source or path

9.5.1.11 Pressure and demand management

9.5.2 Quality

9.5.2.1 Mains re-lining, swabbing and scouring

9.5.2.1.1 Pigging or swabbing

9.5.2.1.2 Air-scouring

9.5.2.1.3 Re-lining

9.5.2.2 Mains flushing

9.6. Decisions

9.6.1 Customer contacts

9.6.2 Field management

9.6.3 Network asset management

9.6.4 Additional monitoring and analysis

9.7. Evaluation

Referenced legislation

Chapter 10: Asset planning and management

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Background

10.3. The regulatory framework

10.4. Asset management drivers

10.5. Asset performance indicators

10.6. Asset assessment techniques

10.6.1 Asset inventory

10.6.2 Assessing serviceability

10.6.3 Risk of asset failure

10.6.4 The Common Framework

10.7. Asset interventions

10.8. Asset deterioration

10.8.1 General

10.8.2 Pipe deterioration modelling

10.8.2.1 Example 1: the EPR model.

10.8.2.2 Example 2: the zero-inflated NHPP model.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

1-83549-846-9