Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation (Second Edition) / Alok Barua.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Barua, Alok, author.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Engineering instruments.

Process control.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (392 pages)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2024]

Summary:

This book establishes the physical principles with mathematical analysis and practical techniques used to measure variables most important for Instrumentation applications. This text book will provide students and recent graduates with the knowledge to design and build the measurement systems for industrial processes. More number of problems as well the solutions have been provided in the second edition. AI and its specific application for Industrial Instrumentation is also covered in this book.

Contents:

Intro

Preface to the 2nd edition

Acknowledgements

Author biography

Alok Barua

Chapter Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Process instrumentation systems

1.3 Instrument characteristics

1.3.1 An instrument's span

1.3.2 The mean and standard deviation of measurements

1.3.3 Accuracy and precision

1.3.4 Linearity

1.3.5 Tolerance

1.3.6 Static error

1.3.7 Repeatability

1.3.8 Static sensitivity

1.3.9 Calibration

1.3.10 Dead zone or dead space

1.3.11 Hysteresis

1.3.12 Input impedance

Chapter Dynamic characteristics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Zero-order instruments

2.3 First-order instruments

2.3.1 Step inputs

2.3.2 Ramp inputs

2.3.3 Sinusoidal inputs

2.4 Second-order systems

2.4.1 Step inputs

2.4.2 Ramp inputs

2.4.3 Sinusoidal inputs

Problem 2.1

Problem 2.2

Problem 2.3

Problem 2.4

Problem 2.5

Problem 2.6

Problem 2.7

Chapter Strain, load, and torque measurement

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The strain gauge

3.2.1 Implementations of strain gauges

3.2.2 The compositions of strain gauges materials

3.2.3 The bonded metal foil gauge

3.2.4 The gauge length

3.2.5 The backing material

3.2.6 The adhesive

3.2.7 Semiconductor strain gauges

3.2.8 The temperature compensation circuit

3.3 The load cell

3.3.1 Introduction

3.3.2 The use of the Wheatstone bridge in load cells

3.3.3 The column load cell

3.3.4 Some important points

3.4 The cantilever beam load cell

3.4.1 Appendix

3.5 Torque measurement

3.5.1 Introduction

3.5.2 Reaction forces in shaft bearings

3.5.3 The Prony brake

3.5.4 The measurement of torque by strain gauges

3.5.5 Installation of the strain gauges

3.5.6 The bridge output

3.5.7 Data transmission from a torque cell

Problem 3.1

Problem 3.2

Problem 3.3.

Chapter Temperature sensors

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The thermistor

4.2.1 The manufacturing process of the thermistor

4.2.2 The thermistor in a Wheatstone bridge

4.2.3 The thermistor in a potentiometer circuit

4.2.4 The resistance of the connecting wire

4.2.5 Self-heating errors

4.3 The thermocouple

4.3.1 The law of intermediate metals

4.3.2 The law of intermediate temperature

4.3.3 Cold junction compensation

4.3.4 The junction semiconductor sensor

4.3.5 Desirable properties of a thermocouple

4.3.6 Multiple-junction thermocouple circuits or thermopiles

4.3.7 The thermocouple sheath

4.3.8 Grounded thermocouple circuits

4.4 The resistance thermometer

4.4.1 RTD circuits

4.4.2 The self-heating effect

4.4.3 The three-wire method of temperature measurement

4.4.4 The Mueller bridge or four-wire resistance method

4.4.5 Why is platinum universally used to make RTDs?

4.4.6 The construction details of the platinum RTD bulb

Problem 4.1

Problem 4.2

Problem 4.3

Problem 4.4

Problem 4.5

Problem 4.6

Problem 4.7

Problem 4.8

Problem 4.9

Problem 4.10

Chapter Displacement measurement

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The potentiometer

5.3 The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)

5.3.1 The theory of the linear variable differential transformer

5.3.2 Phase-sensitive demodulation

5.3.3 Dynamic displacement measurement

5.3.4 Null voltage and its reduction

5.3.5 The LVDT design equation

5.4 Capacitive transducers

5.4.1 Variation in capacitance

5.4.2 Capacitance pickups (capacitive microphones)

Problem 5.1

Problem 5.2

Problem 5.3

Chapter Pressure sensors

6.1 Introduction

6.2 The Bourdon gauge

6.2.1 Absolute pressure measurement

6.2.2 The twisted Bourdon tube

6.3 The bellows gauge

6.4 The diaphragm pressure transducer.

6.4.1 The semiconductor diaphragm gauge

6.5 Low-pressure measurement

6.5.1 The McLeod gauge

6.5.2 The Pirani gauge

6.5.3 The thermocouple gauge

6.5.4 The ionization gauge

6.5.5 The Knudsen gauge

Problem 6.1

Problem 6.2

Problem 6.3

Chapter Flowmeter

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Differential pressure flowmeters

7.3 The orifice meter

7.3.1 Orifice pressure taps

7.3.2 Restrictions on pipe fittings adjacent to an orifice meter

7.4 Flow nozzles, Dall tubes, and Venturi meters

7.4.1 The flow nozzle

7.4.2 The Venturi meter

7.4.3 The Dall tube

7.5 The Pitot tube

7.5.1 The operational principle operation of the Pitot tube

7.5.2 The differential pressure transmitter

7.6 The elbow meter

7.7 The rotameter

7.7.1 The operational principle of the rotameter

7.7.2 The shape of the rotameter float

7.8 The weir

7.8.1 The operational principle of the weir

7.9 The variable reluctance tachogenerator

7.9.1 The operational principle of the variable reluctance tachogenerator

7.10 The turbine flowmeter

7.10.1 The construction of the turbine flowmeter

7.10.2 Theory

7.11 The electromagnetic flowmeter

7.11.1 Advantages of the electromagnetic flowmeter

7.11.2 Disadvantages of the electromagnetic flowmeter

7.11.3 Field excitation

7.11.4 The use of an electromagnetic flowmeter with a metal pipe

7.12 The ultrasonic flowmeter

7.12.1 The Doppler shift ultrasonic flowmeter

7.12.2 The transit time ultrasonic flowmeter

7.12.3 Methods used to measure the time shift

7.12.4 The advantages of the ultrasonic flowmeter

7.12.5 The disadvantages of the ultrasonic flowmeter

7.13 The hot-wire anemometer

7.13.1 The hot-wire element

7.13.2 Dynamic characteristics

7.13.3 Constant current and constant temperature hot-wire anemometers.

7.13.4 A comparison of constant current and constant temperature measurements

Problem 7.1

Problem 7.2

Problem 7.3

Problem 7.4

Problem 7.5

Problem 7.6

Problem 7.7

Problem 7.8

Problem 7.9

Problem 7.10

Problem 7.11

Problem 7.12

Problem 7.13

Problem 7.14

Chapter The flapper nozzle system

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The application of the flapper nozzle as a displacement measuring device

8.3 Static sensitivity

8.4 The force balance differential pressure transmitter

8.5 A flapper nozzle with an air relay

8.6 The current-to-pressure (I-P) transducer

8.6.1 New I-P converters

8.6.2 The piezo-ceramic bender nozzle

Chapter Signal conditioning circuits

9.1 Active filters

9.2 The single-amplifier filter

9.2.1 The positive feedback topology

9.2.2 The negative feedback topology

9.2.3 The enhanced negative feedback topology

9.2.4 Design equations

The equal R and C design

The unity gain amplifier design

The Saraga design

9.2.5 The Sallen and Key low-pass filter

9.2.6 The Sallen and Key high-pass filter

9.2.7 The Sallen and Key band-pass filter

9.3 Negative feedback circuits

9.3.1 The band-pass circuit without positive feedback

9.3.2 The bandpass circuit with positive feedback

9.4 Inductor simulator

9.5 The low-pass filter

9.6 The high-pass filter

9.7 The band-pass filter

9.8 The state variable filter

9.9 The sample and hold circuit

9.10 The logarithmic amplifier

9.11 The antilogarithmic amplifier

9.12 The analog switch

9.13 Analog multiplexers and demultiplexers

Problem 9.1

Problem 9.2

Problem 9.3

Problem 9.4

Chapter Piezoelectric sensors

10.1 Introduction

10.2 The piezoelectric phenomenon

10.3 Piezoelectric materials

10.4 Piezoelectric transducers.

10.4.1 The physical constants of the piezoelectric transducer

10.5 Measuring circuits

10.6 Piezoelectric accelerometers

10.7 Unimorphs

10.8 Bimorphs

10.9 Actuator stacks

10.10 Sandwich piezoelectric transducers

10.11 Pyroelectricity

10.12 Limitations of piezoelectric materials

10.12.1 Temperature limitation of piezoelectric ceramics

10.12.2 Voltage limitation

10.12.3 Mechanical stress limitation

10.12.4 Power limitation

Problem 10.1

Problem 10.2

Problem 10.3

Chapter Ultrasonic sensors

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Analysis

11.3 The equivalent circuit for the transmitter

11.4 The transmission of ultrasound

11.4.1 The average power intensity

11.4.2 The characteristic impedances of selected materials

11.5 Measuring ultrasound

11.5.1 Applications

11.5.2 Advantages

11.6 Special applications

11.6.1 Determining blood pressure

11.6.2 The blood flow meter

Problem 11.1

Problem 11.2

Chapter The measurement of magnetic fields

12.1 The measurement of magnetic fields using search coils

12.2 The Hall effect

12.2.1 Hall-effect transducers

12.2.2 The advantages of Hall-effect transducers

12.2.3 The measurement of current by Hall-effect transducers

12.2.4 Commercially available Hall-effect current transducers

12.2.5 Split ring clamp-on current transducers

12.2.6 Analog multiplication

12.2.7 Power measurement

12.2.8 Position and motion sensing

Problem 12.1

Problem 12.2

Problem 12.3

Problem 12.4

Chapter Optoelectronic sensors

13.1 Photoconductivity

13.2 Photocurrent

13.3 The semiconductor photodiode

13.3.1 Some typical applications

13.3.2 The measurement of steel strips in a hot rolling mill

13.4 The transmission of light in optical fibres.

13.4.1 The principle of the transmission of light in two media of different refractive indices.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Barua, Alok Fundamentals of Industrial Instrumentation (Second Edition)

ISBN:

9780750337557

OCLC:

1451139663