DNA in Health, Identity, and Ancestry.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Atan Edinur, Hisham.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

DNA.

Genetics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (722 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2025.

Summary:

DNA in Health, Identity and Ancestry examines the human genome and advances in molecular techniques in relation to their value in health, genetic ancestry, and forensic DNA.This book systematically presents these three areas, providing new insights into recent developments in these fields, including gene editing, ancestral fraction determination.

Contents:

Front Cover

DNA in Health, Identity and Ancestry

Copyright Page

Contents

List of contributors

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Introduction to human genomes: nuclear and mitochondrial DNA

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Nuclear genome

1.3 Mitochondrial genome

Acknowledgment

References

2 Genetic testing: a biomedical, social, and ethical framework

2.1 Historical background on genetic testing

2.2 The classification of genetic tests

2.3 Genetic privacy: from genetic exceptionalism to genomic contextualism

2.4 Genetic discrimination

2.5 Gene patents and genetic testing

2.6 Direct-to-consumer genetic testing

2.7 Ethical challenges surrounding noninvasive prenatal testing

2.8 The incidentalome

2.9 A physician's duty to warn

2.10 Genetic testing in minors

3 CRISPR/Cas9: the future of human gene editing

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Applications of gene editing in gene therapy

3.2.1 Somatic gene therapy

3.2.1.1 HIV/AIDS

3.2.1.2 Cancer therapy

3.2.1.3 Hematologic diseases

3.2.1.4 Eye disease

3.2.1.5 Muscular dystrophy

3.2.1.6 Cardiovascular diseases

3.2.1.7 Immunological disorder

3.2.1.8 Inborn errors of metabolism

3.2.1.9 Neurological disorders

3.2.2 Germline gene therapy

3.2.2.1 Delivery methods

3.3 Challenges and ethical considerations with gene editing

3.3.1 Challenges and future prospects

3.3.1.1 Challenges and ethical considerations

3.3.1.2 Future prospects of gene editing

4 Pharmacogenomics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Historical milestones and definition

4.2.1 Historical milestones in pharmacogenomics

4.2.2 Definition of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics

4.3 Genetic variability in drug efficacy and response

4.3.1 CYP2C9 and VKORC1 polymorphisms in warfarin therapy.

4.3.1.1 Clopidogrel and CYP2C19 poor metabolizers

4.4 Pharmacogenetics in cancer therapy

4.4.1 DPYD genotype and fluoropyrimidine therapy

4.4.1.1 TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes and mercaptopurine therapy

4.5 Genetic variability in adverse drug reaction

4.5.1 NAT2 polymorphism and isoniazid-induced drug-induced liver injury

4.5.2 HLA-B gene polymorphisms and antiepileptic-induced severe cutaneous drug reaction

4.6 The application of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice

4.7 Challenges in the implementation of pharmacogenomics

4.7.1 Cost and professional readiness

4.7.1.1 Ethical and legal considerations in pharmacogenetics testing

4.8 Conclusion

5 Infectious disease diagnosis via DNA analysis

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases

5.2.1 Polymerase chain reaction

5.2.2 Nucleic acid hybridization assays

5.2.3 DNA sequencing

5.2.4 Point-of-care tests

5.3 Application of nanotechnology in molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases

5.4 Application of molecular diagnosis in COVID-19 pandemic

5.5 Molecular diagnosis of respiratory infections

5.6 Conclusion

6 Donor and recipient matching for transfusion and transplantation surgery

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Screening for donor and recipient

6.2.1 Medical records

6.2.2 Physical examination

6.2.3 Laboratory tests

6.3 Compatibility testing

6.3.1 Compatibility testing for blood transfusion

6.3.1.1 Blood group typing

6.3.1.2 Antibody screening and crossmatching

6.3.2 Compatibility testing for transplantation

6.3.2.1 Human leukocyte antigens typing

6.3.2.2 Antibody screening and crossmatching

6.4 Conclusion

7 Cell-free DNA: history, applications, and promises

7.1 Introduction

7.2 The origin of cell-free DNA

7.3 Plasma cell-free DNA.

7.3.1 Genetic changes in plasma cell-free DNA

7.3.2 Epigenetic modifications in plasma cell-free DNA

7.3.3 The emergence of fragmentomics

7.3.4 Extrachromosomal circular DNA

7.4 Cell-free DNA from the aqueous humor

7.5 Urinary cell-free DNA

7.6 Cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA

7.7 Salivary cell-free DNA

7.8 Pleural fluid cell-free DNA

7.9 Cell-free DNA from other compartments

7.9.1 Ascitic fluid cell-free DNA

7.9.2 Breast milk cell-free DNA

7.9.3 Biliary tract and pancreatic fluid cell-free DNA

7.9.4 Seminal fluid and sperm cell-free DNA

7.9.5 Stool cell-free DNA

7.10 Cell-free fetal DNA

7.11 Cell-free-mitochondrial DNA

7.12 Donor-derived cell-free DNA

7.13 Cell-free DNA: a biomarker that can also contribute to disease?

7.14 Microbial cell-free DNA

7.15 Cell-free DNA for the management of cancers of unknown primary origin

8 Metagenomics studies of environmental samples

8.1 Introduction to environmental metagenomics

8.2 Approach for environmental metagenomics

8.2.1 Sample collection

8.2.2 Nucleic acid extraction and purification

8.2.2.1 Extraction of nucleic acids

8.2.2.2 Nucleic acid purification methods

8.2.3 Library preparation

8.2.3.1 Cloning

8.2.3.2 Size selection of DNA fragments

8.2.4 Sequencing

8.2.4.1 Whole genomesequencing

8.2.4.2 Targeted sequencing

8.2.5 Data analysis

8.3 Applications of environmental metagenomics

8.4 Case studies in environmental metagenomics

8.5 Emerging trends in environmental metagenomic research

8.6 Challenges and future directions

9 DNA extraction methods for pathogen analysis

9.1 Introduction

9.2 DNA extraction methods

9.2.1 Phenol-chloroform extraction

9.2.2 Spin column-based extraction

9.2.3 Magnetic bead-based extraction

9.2.4 Solid-phase extraction.

9.2.5 Ultrafiltration-based extraction

9.2.6 Microfluidic-based extraction

9.3 Factors influencing DNA extraction efficiency

9.3.1 Sample type and characteristics

9.3.2 Inhibitors

9.4 Conclusion

10 Characterization and application of environmental DNA in multispecies biofilms

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Definition and characterization of eDNA

10.3 Understanding of multispecies biofilm

10.4 Application of eDNA in characterization of multispecies biofilms

10.5 Conclusion

11 Variants in TLR gene and immune thrombocytopenia susceptibility

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Toll-like receptors

11.2.1 Structure and functions

11.2.2 Signaling pathways of toll-like receptors

11.2.2.1 Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88-dependent pathway

11.2.2.2 Toll/IL-1R-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β-dependent pathway

11.3 Toll-like receptors and autoimmune diseases

11.4 Variation in toll-like receptor genes and immune thrombocytopenia

11.4.1 Toll-like receptor 2 polymorphism

11.4.2 Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphism

11.4.3 Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphism

11.5 Conclusion

12 X chromosome: genetics, function, and health

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Contributions of the X-chromosome

12.2.1 Cellular differentiation

12.2.2 Neurodevelopment

12.2.3 Immune response

12.3 Mechanism of X-chromosome gene inheritance

12.4 X-linked disorders

12.4.1 Hemophilia

12.4.2 Duchenne muscular dystrophy

12.4.3 Fragile-X syndrome

12.5 Sex-specific X-chromosome disorders

12.5.1 Turner syndrome

12.5.2 Primary ovarian insufficiency

12.5.3 Klinefelter syndrome

12.6 Conclusion

13 Food intolerance and celiac disease in past human populations through DNA analysis

13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Lactase persistence

13.2.1 Lactase persistence in past populations

13.3 Gluten and celiac disease in past populations

13.4 Conclusion

14 Puzzling ABO discrepancy case resolved through molecular technique

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Case presentation

14.3 Discussion

14.4 Conclusion

15 Short tandem repeat and mitochondrial DNA profiling for casework and paternity cases

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling of autosomal short tandem repeat loci

15.3 Polymerase chain reaction-based DNA profiling of Y-„chromosome short tandem repeat loci

15.4 Mitochondrial DNA profiling

15.5 Short tandem repeat and mitochondrial DNA population datasets

15.6 Conclusion

16 DNA databanking, hit matches, and ethical issues

16.1 Introduction

16.2 DNA databanking

16.3 Hit matches

16.4 Ethical issues

16.5 Conclusion

17 Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in Kedayan population

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Materials and methods

17.2.1 Sample collection

17.2.2 Sample preparation and DNA extraction

17.2.3 PCR amplification of mitochondrial DNA control region and Sanger sequencing

17.2.4 Data and statistical analysis

17.3 Results and discussion

17.4 Conclusion

18 The application of dual mitochondrial markers for detecting porcine DNA in gelatine-containing processed food products

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Materials and methods

18.2.1 Sample collection and DNA extraction

18.2.2 Oligonucleotide and simplex polymerase chain reaction amplification

18.2.3 Development of duplex polymerase chain reaction and application to gelatine-containing processed products

18.2.4 Specificity and sensitivity tests

18.3 Results

18.4 Discussion.

18.5 Conclusion.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

0-443-33948-1

9780443339486

OCLC:

1557606765