Cell Physiology Sourcebook.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Alvarez-Leefmans, F. Javier.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sperelakis, Nicholas, 1930-2013.

Vicente, Juan, 1965-2023.

Sackmann, Erich, 1934-2024.

Cell physiology.

Biophysics.

Local Subjects:

Sperelakis, Nicholas, 1930-2013.

Vicente, Juan, 1965-2023.

Sackmann, Erich, 1934-2024.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (928 pages)

Edition:

5th ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2025.

Summary:

Written by leading experts in the field, the fifth edition of the Cell Physiology Sourcebook, Fifth Edition offers a critical, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary overview of essential aspects of cell physiology and biophysics, spanning from bacterial and archaeal cells to mammalian cells and tissues.

Contents:

Front Cover

Cell Physiology Sourcebook

Copyright

Dedication

In Memoriam

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1 - Biophysical chemistry of physiological solutions

1. Summary

2. Introduction

3. Structure and properties of water

4. Interactions between water and ions

5. Protons in solution

6. Interactions between ions

7. Solute transport: Basic definitions

8. Measurement of electrolytes and membrane potential

9. Appendix: Thermodynamics of membrane transport

9.1 Free energy

9.2 Nernst equilibrium

References

2 - Structure and function of proteins

1. Molecular structure of proteins

1.1 Primary amino acid structure

1.2 Regular or secondary structure in proteins

1.3 Tertiary or three-dimensional structure of proteins

1.3.1 The amino acid sequences of proteins determine their three-dimensional structures

1.4 Possible interactions between amino acids in a protein chain

1.4.1 Specific interactions: Hydrogen bonding, nonbonded, and hydrophobic interactions

1.5 Properties of the structures of proteins

1.5.1 Geometry and dihedral angles

1.5.2 Computation of the structures of polypeptides and proteins

2. Techniques for the determination of the structures of proteins

2.1 Regular (secondary) structure: Circular dichroism

2.2 Three-dimensional structure of proteins: X-ray crystallography

2.3 Two-dimensional high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)

2.4 Cryo-Electron microscon microscopy

3. Folding of proteins

4. Bulk properties of proteins: Proteins as polyelectrolytes

4.1 Acid-base properties of amino acids

4.2 Protein charge and solubility

4.2.1 Isoionic point

4.3 Titration of proteins

4.3.1 Ligand binding theory

4.3.2 The electrostatic field effect (Bull, 1943).

4.3.3 Computation of the electrical potential

4.3.4 More explicit models based on protein structures

4.4 Protein charge and electrophoresis

4.4.1 Slab gel electrophoresis

4.4.2 Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) electrophoresis

4.4.3 Isoelectric focusing

4.4.4 Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

4.4.5 Western blots (immunoblots)

5. Relationship of protein structure to function

5.1 Membrane polypeptides and proteins

5.1.1 Structure and function of leader peptides

5.1.2 Membrane-active peptides: Melittin and magainin

5.1.2.1 Melittin

5.1.2.2 Magainin

5.1.2.3 New membrane-active anticancer peptides kill cancer cells (Sarafraz-Yazdi et al., 2010)

5.1.3 The function of transmembrane proteins

5.1.4 Ion channels (Caterall, 1995)

5.1.4.1 Voltage activation

5.1.4.2 Permeability-selectivity

5.1.4.3 Inactivation

5.1.5 Effects of amino acid substitutions on the ras-p21 protein

5.1.5.1 Activation of ras-p21 (Pincus et al., 2000)

5.1.5.2 Function of ras-p21

5.1.5.3 Relationship of structure to function of ras-p21

5.1.5.4 Use of conformational energy calculations to identify effector domains of p21

5.1.5.5 Test cell system for identification of functional domains of ras-p21

5.1.5.6 Effects of p21 peptides from effector domains identified by conformational analysis (Pincus et al., 2000, 2007)

5.1.5.7 The two ras peptides, PNC-2 and PNC-7, block cancer cell but not normal cell growth (Pincus et al., 2007)

6. Summary

3 - Carbohydrates-The glycocalyx and its biological roles

1. An introduction to glycans

1.1 Structural complexity of glycans

1.2 Glycosylation and glycan biosynthesis

1.3 N-linked glycans

1.4 O-linked glycosylation

1.5 O-GlcNAc

1.6 Glycan binding

1.7 Consequences of glycosylation defects

2. Mucins

2.1 Mucin structure.

2.1.1 Cell surface mucins

2.1.2 Secreted mucins

2.2 Mucins and mucosal barriers

2.2.1 Gastrointestinal tract

2.2.2 Respiratory tract

2.3 Mucins in innate immune defense against pathogens

2.4 Pathogen subversion of mucosal barriers

2.5 Mucins in cancer

2.5.1 Disruption of cell-cell adhesion

2.5.2 Contributions to adhesion

2.5.3 Inhibition of immune response

3. Proteoglycans

3.1 Proteoglycan biosynthesis, structure, and the ``sulfation code''

3.2 Other major classes of GAGs

3.2.1 Hyaluronic acid

3.2.2 Keratan sulfate (KS)

3.3 Glycocalyx proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in the vasculature

3.4 Glycocalyx proteoglycans in development

3.4.1 Embryonic development

3.4.2 Myogenesis

3.4.3 Neuromuscular junction

3.4.4 Neuronal development and regeneration

3.5 Glycocalyx proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in infection and immunity

3.5.1 Sexually transmitted infections

3.5.2 Other pathogens

3.5.3 The immune response

3.6 Proteoglycan disorders

Further Reading

4 - Cell membranes and their shaping

2. The cell membrane and lipids

3. Cell membrane lipid composition

4. The fluid mosaic model and the packing gaps-of the membrane

5. The erythrocyte membrane

6. The anchored picket fence model

7. Proteins and sugars in plasma membrane shaping

8. Amphiphilichelix

9. The BAR domains

10. Ankyrin repeat domain (ARD)

11. Lectin-mediated lipid membrane deformation

12. Concluding remarks

5 - Bacterial and archaeal cells

1. The diversity of unicellular life

2. Cytology of bacteria and archaea

2.1 Basic cellular structure

2.2 Nucleoid

2.3 Cytoplasm

2.4 Cytoplasmic membrane

2.5 Cell walls

2.6 Cytoskeletal elements

2.7 Outer membrane

2.8 Intracellular structures

2.9 Extracellular structures.

3. Energetics and metabolic strategies

3.1 Substrate-level phosphorylation vs. chemiosmotic coupling

3.2 Protonmotive force

3.3 Fermentation and anaerobic respiration

3.4 Carbon and nitrogen fixation

4. Solute transport

4.1 Facilitated diffusion

4.2 Group translocation

4.3 Active transport

4.4 Secondary (ion-coupled) transport

4.5 Efflux systems

5. Sensing the environment and responding

5.1 Osmotic stress

5.2 Acid stress

5.3 Two-component regulatory systems

5.4 Modes of taxis

6. Physiological aspects of pathogenesis

6.1 Iron acquisition

6.2 Surviving phagocytosis

6.3 Toxins

7. Bacteria and archaea in extreme environments

8. Summary

Further reading

6 - Nucleic acids and the cell nucleus

1. Introduction

2. Cell compartmentalization

2.1 Cell layout: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes

2.2 Overview of the nucleus

2.3 Advantages of having a nucleus

2.4 Problems with having a nucleus

3. Packaging the genome

3.1 DNA packaging in prokaryotes

3.2 DNA packaging in eukaryotes

3.3 Higher levels of DNA condensation in eukaryotes

3.4 Arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus

4. Nuclear synthesis and processing of RNA

4.1 RNA synthesis in the nucleus

4.2 RNA processing in the nucleus

4.3 Production of messenger RNA

4.4 The nucleolus and other nuclear bodies

4.5 The nucleolus and ribosomal RNA

4.6 The nucleolus and ribosomal assembly

5. The nuclear envelope

5.1 Structure of the nuclear envelope

5.2 Nuclear pores control entry and exit

5.3 Division of the nucleus

5.4 The centriole and mitotic spindle

6. Macro- and micronuclei in ciliates

7 - Structural and biophysical properties of tight junctions

1. Introduction: The era before tight junction protein discovery

2. Tight junction proteins.

3. Barrier, channel, and leak

3.1 Permeation of ions-The concept of paracellular ion channels

3.2 Permeation of uncharged solutes (leak pathway)

3.3 Permeation of water

4. Methods to determine paracellular transport properties

4.1 Diffusion potential measurements: Determining charge selectivity

4.2 Flux measurements: Determining size selectivity

4.3 Temperature dependence of the channel and leak pathways

4.4 Determining water and proton permeability

4.5 Impedance spectroscopy: Exploiting capacitive properties of the transcellular pathway

4.6 Determining local conductance inhomogeneities

4.7 Patch-clamp technique

5. In silico models for paracellular permeation

6. Fence function of tight junctions

7. Molecular structure of claudins and tight junction strands

7.1 Introduction to claudin structure

7.2 Crystal structures of cCPE-claudin complexes

7.3 The different claudin crystal structures differ in bending of TM3

8. Models of strand and channel formation by claudins

8.1 Refinement of the Suzuki-JDR Cldn15 model by molecular dynamics simulation studies

9. Alternative models of claudin polymerization

10. Structural base for lateral flexibility of TJ strands

11. Conclusions and outlook

8 - Biology of gap junctions

1.1 Early evidence for intercellular communication

1.2 From ions to molecules

2. Gap junction structure

2.1 Anatomical and structural models of gap junctions

2.2 From structure to molecular identity-The connexins

2.3 Connexin nomenclature

2.4 Connexin topology

3. Are gap junctions static or dynamic?

3.1 Gap junction closure

3.2 Life cycle of the connexins

4. Gap junction function

4.1 Channel basis of gap junction communication

4.2 Gap junction inhibitors

4.3 Gating of gap junctions by pH and Ca2+.

4.4 Modulation of gap junctions by posttranslational modifications.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

ISBN:

0-12-811115-1

9780128111154

OCLC:

1561175793