The origins of scholasticism : theology and philosophy in Paris, 1150-1250 / edited by Lydia Schumacher, King's College London.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Schumacher, Lydia

Contributor:

Schumacher, Lydia, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Scholasticism--France--Paris--History--To 1500.

Scholasticism.

Philosophy, Medieval.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xii, 561 pages) : digital, PDF file(s).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, United Kingdon ; New York, NY : Cambridge University Press, 2026.

Summary:

The Origins of Scholasticism provides the first systematic account of the theological and philosophical ideas that were debated and developed by the scholars who flourished during the years immediately before and after the founding of the first official university at Paris. The period from 1150-1250 has traditionally been neglected in favor of the next century (1250-1350) which witnessed the rise of intellectual giants like Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great, and John Duns Scotus, who famously popularized the major works of Aristotle. As this volume demonstrates, however, earlier scholastic thinkers laid the groundwork for the emergence of theology as a discipline with which such later thinkers actively engaged. Although they relied heavily on traditional theological sources, this volume highlights the extent to which they also made use of philosophy not only from the Greek but also the Arabic traditions in ways that defined the role it would play in theological contexts for generations to follow.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title page

Title page

Copyright page

Dedication

Contents

List of Contributors

Acknowledgements

List of Abbreviations

Part I Historical Context

Introduction

Early Scholastic Theology: A State of the Art

The Founding of the Parisian University

The Mendicants in Paris

Curriculum and Genres of Literature

Bibliography

Major Early Scholastic Theologians at Paris (c. 1150-c. 1250)

Editions of Key Theological Works by Early Scholastic Theologians

1 The Faculty of Theology

From Independent Teachers to Masters at the Cathedral School

The Cathedral School of Notre Dame, 1150-1200

From Cathedral School Masters to a Faculty of Theology

From Notre Dame to the Left Bank

Manuscripts

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

2 The Arts Faculty

Studying and Teaching at the Arts Faculty in Paris

The Arts Curriculum 1215-1255

Developments in the Arts Curriculum

Review and Outlook

3 Texts and Translations

A Survey of Philosophical and Theological Translations

Patristic Texts

Aristotelian Texts

Islamicate Texts

The Role of Cultural Brokers as Mediators of Translated Texts

Success and Suppression: Negotiating the Curriculum in Paris

Conclusion

4 The Inaugurators of Scholasticism: Language and Theology in the Twelfth Century

Improprietas and Translatio in the Discourse on God

The Method of Similitudines in Peter Abelard

Names, Propositions and Interpretations according to Gilbert of Poitiers

Praepositinus of Cremona, Alan of Lille and the Question of the Univocity or Equivocity of Essential Names

Primary and Secondary Meaning.

The Speaker's Intention and Language Use

Suppositio and Other Properties of Terms

The modes of signifying

Theological Fallacies and Tropes

The 'Consignificative' Particles or Syncategorems

The Inner Word

Part II Theological Themes

5 Theology as a Science

The Prehistory of Theology as a University Science: Two Major Transformations in the Teaching of Christian Doctrine

The Intermediate Period of the First Summae: Three Examples

The Birth of the University: The Status of Theology in the Prologues to the Commentaries on the Sentences and Summae

The Establishment of a Franciscan School

The Halesian Summa

Odo Rigaldus: An Advanced Reflection on Theology as a Science

The Birth of the Dominican School: Towards a Speculative Science?

From Paris to Oxford to Rome and Back

6 The Divine Nature

Peter Lombard

Richard of St Victor

Alan of Lille

William of Auxerre

Philip the Chancellor

Alexander of Hales

Roland of Cremona

Hugh of St Cher

Quaestio Halensiana

Guerric of St Quentin

The Summa Halensis

Odo Rigaldus

William of Melitona

7 The Trinity

Origins and Tradition

Biblical Inheritance

Patristic Inheritance

Formation of a Scholastic Corpus in Trinitarian Theology

Debated Questions

Logic, Grammar, and Theological Rules

'God Begot God' but Not 'Essence Begot Essence'

Personal Properties

The Fourth Lateran Council (1215)

What Was the Target of Joachim's Objection?

What Does the Council's Clarification of the Doctrine Tell Us about the Reasons for the Condemnation?

Post-Lateran IV Continuity and Innovation

Conclusion.

Bibliography

8 Creation

From Nothing

Everything All at Once

In the Beginning

9 Angels

The Creation and Nature of Angels

Angelic Powers and Operations

10 Human Nature

New Currents of Thought: Medical

New Currents of Thought: Philosophical

Phase One (c. 1150-1200): The Latin Reception of Medical Sources

Spiritual Writings

Scholastic Writings

Phase Two: The Latin Reception of Arabic Sources

The Powers of the Soul

The Composition of the Soul

Body-Soul Relationship

The Theory of Knowledge

Phase Three: The Reception of Aristotle

11 Free Will

The Previous Debate on Free Will and Sin

Anselm of Canterbury

The School of Laon

Reason, Will or Both? Free Will and the Powers of the Soul

Theologians and Philosophers

Free Will as a Power of the Soul

Habit or Power? New Sources and Discussions

The Moral Action as a Process

Power, Act, and Universal Command

Conclusions

12 Sin and Evil

Overview

Every Action Is from God

Gilbert of Poitiers and Simon of Tournai

The Bronze Statue Analogy

Peter the Chanter

Evil Stones and the Obligation to Be Good

Bad Action Is from Humans

Gandulph, Capuano, Praepositinus, and Langton

The Manichaean Challenge

A Tricky Objection

William of Auxerre's Report

Summa Halensis: Divine-Source Realism?

13 Incarnation.

Peter Lombard's Three Theories and Their Fate in the Late Twelfth Century

Initial Developments in the Subsistence Theory

The Nature of the Tie between the Human Nature and the Divine Person

The Nature of Subsistence

Franciscan and Dominican Traditions

Early Franciscan Christology

Early Dominican Christology

14 Atonement

Background: Augustine, Anselm, and Abelard

Early Scholastic Accounts of Atonement

Richard of St Victor's Liber de Verbo Incarnato

Peter Lombard's Sentences

Peter of Poitiers' Sententiarum libri quinque

William of Auxerre's Summa aurea

William of Auvergne's Cur Deus homo (c. 1228)

Alexander of Hales' Quaestiones disputata 'Antequam esset frater'

Summa Halensis

15 Grace

William of Auvergne

John of La Rochelle

16 Predestination and Merit

Predestination

Eternal Perspective

Temporal Perspective: Contingency versus the Necessity of the Past

'God Will Not Deny Grace to Those Who Do Their Best'

Merit

Meriting a Reward

Meriting Grace

Meriting an Increase in Grace

Good Deeds Performed extra caritatem

17 Virtues

Definitions of Virtue

Classifications

Cardinal Virtues

Fortitude

Temperance

Prudence

Justice

Theological Virtues

Faith

Hope

Charity

Gifts of the Holy Spirit

18 Moral Law.

Early Twelfth-Century Beginnings: From Peter Abelard to Peter Lombard

Peter Lombard's Successors: Arguing for the Law from Scripture

Praepositinus: Reframing the Theological Approach to the Law

The Early Thirteenth-Century Parisian Debate: Law and a New Understanding of Human Being

John of La Rochelle: Towards a Theological 'System' of the Law

19 Sacraments

Sacraments in General

Ordination

The Eucharist

Penance

Baptism

Marriage

Confirmation

Extreme Unction

Name Index

Subject Index.

Notes:

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 20 Nov 2025).

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-009-32397-0

1-009-32398-9

OCLC:

1574118472