Lectures on Gas Theory / Ludwig Boltzmann.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Boltzmann, Ludwig, Author.

Contributor:

Brush, Stephen G.

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (506 p.) : 1 frontisp.

Edition:

Reprint 2020

Place of Publication:

Berkeley, CA : University of California Press, [2020]

Language Note:

In English.

Summary:

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1964.

Contents:

Lectures on Gas Theory

Frontmatter

CONTENTS

Translator's Introduction

PART I THEORY OF GASES WITH MONATOMIC MOLECULES, WHOSE DIMENSIONS ABE NEGLIGIBLE COMPARED TO THE MEAN FREE PATH

NOTE ON LITERATURE CITATIONS

Foreword

Introduction

1. Mechanical analogy for the behavior of a gas

2. Calculation of the pressure of a gas

CHAPTER I THE MOLECULES ARE ELASTIC SPHERES. EXTERNAL FORCES AND VISIBLE MASS MOTION ABE ABSENT

3. Maxwell's proof of the velocity distribution law; frequency of collisions

4. Continuation; values of the variables after the collision; collisions of the opposite kind

5. Proof that Maxwell's velocity distribution is the only possible one

6. Mathematical meaning of the quantity H

7. The Boyle-Charles-Avogadro law. Expression for the heat supplied

8. Specific heat. Physical meaning of the quantity H

9. Number of collisions

10. Mean free path

11. Basic equation for the transport of any quantity by the molecular motion

12. Electrical conduction and viscosity of the gas

13. Heat conduction and diffusion of the gas

14. Two kinds of approximations; diffusion of two different gases

CHAPTER II THE MOLECULES ABE CENTERS OF FORCE. CONSIDERATION OF EXTERNAL FORCES AND VISIBLE MOTIONS OF THE GAS

15. Development of partial differential equations for f and F

16. Continuation. Discussion of the effects of collisions

17. Time-derivatives of sums over all molecules in a region

18. More general proof of the entropy theorem. Treatment of the equations corresponding to the stationary state

19. Aerostatics. Entropy of a heavy gas whose motion does not violate Equations (147)

20. General form of the hydrodynamic equations

CHAPTER III THE MOLECULES REPEL EACH OTHER WITH A FORCE INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE FIFTH POWER OF THEIR DISTANCE

21. Integration of the terms resulting from collisions

22. Relaxation time. Hydrodynamic equations corrected for viscosity. Calculation of Bb using spherical functions

23. Heat conduction. Second method of approximate calculations

24. Entropy for the case when Equations (147) are not satisfied. Diffusion

PART II VAN DER WAALS' THEORY; GASES WITH COMPOUND MOLECULES; GAS DISSOCIATION ; CONCLUDING REMARKS

CHAPTER I FOUNDATIONS OF VAN DER WAALS' THEORY

1. General viewpoint of van der Waals

2. External and internal pressure

3. Number of collisions against the wall

4. Relation between molecular extension and collision number

5. Determination of the impulse imparted to the molecules

6. Limits of validity of the approximations made in §4

7. Determination of internal pressure

8. An ideal gas as a thermometric substance

9. Temperature-pressure coefficient. Determination of the constants of van der Waals' equation

10. Absolute temperature. Compression coefficient

11. Critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical volume

12. Geometric discussion of the isotherms

13. Special cases

CHAPTER II PHYSICAL DISCUSSION OF THE VAN DER WAALS' THEORY

14. Stable and unstable states

15. Undercooling. Delayed evaporation

16. Stable coexistence of both phases

17. Geometric representation of the states in which two phases coexist

18. Definition of the concepts gas, vapor, and liquid

19. Arbitrariness of the definitions of the preceding section

20. Isopycnic changes of state

21. Calorimetry of a substance following van der Waals' law

22. Size of the molecule

23. Relations to capillarity

24. Work of separation of the molecules

CHAPTER III PRINCIPLES OF GENERAL MECHANICS NEEDED FOR GAS THEORY

25. Conception of the molecule as a mechanical system characterized by generalized coordinates

26. Liouville's Theorem

27. On the introduction of new variables in a product of differentials

28. Application to the formulas of §26

29. Second proof of Liouville's theorem

30. Jacobi's theorem of the last multiplier

31. Introduction of the energy differential

32. Ergoden

33. Concept of the momentoid

34. Expression for the probability; average values

35. General relationship to temperature equilibrium

CHAPTER IV GASES WITH COMPOUND MOLECULES

36. Special treatment of compound molecules

37. Application of Kirchhoff's method to gases with compound molecules

38. On the possibility that the states of a very large number of molecules can actually lie within very narrow limits

39. Treatment of collisions of two molecules

40. Proof that the distribution of states assumed in §37 will not be changed by collisions

41. Generalizations

42. Mean value of the kinetic energy corresponding to a momentoid

43. The ratio of specific heats, K

44. Value of k for special cases

45. Comparison with experiment

46. Other mean values

47. Treatment of directly interacting molecules

CHAPTER V DERIVATION OF VAN DER WAALS' EQUATION BY MEANS OF THE VIRIAL CONCEPT

48. Specification of the point at which van der Waals' mode of reasoning requires improvement

49. More general concept of the virial

50. Virial of the external pressure acting on a gas

51. Probability of finding the centers of two molecules at a given distance

52. Contribution to the virial resulting from the finite extension of the molecules

53. Virial of the van der Waals cohesion force

54. Alternatives to van der Waals' formulas

55. Virial for any arbitrary law of repulsion of the molecules

56. The principle of Lorentz's method

57. Number of collisions

58. More exact value of the mean free path. Calculation of W/ according to Lorentz's method

59. More exact calculation of the space available for the center of a molecule

60. Calculation of the pressure of the saturated vapor from the laws of probability

61. Calculation of the entropy of a gas satisfying van der Waals' assumptions, using the calculus of probabilities

CHAPTER VI THEORY OF DISSOCIATION

62. Mechanical picture of the chemical affinity of monovalent similar atoms

63. Probability of chemical binding of an atom with a similar one

64. Dependence of the degree of dissociation on pressure

65. Dependence of the degree of dissociation on temperature

66. Numerical calculations

67. Mechanical picture of the affinity of two dissimilar monovalent atoms

68. Dissociation of a molecule into two heterogeneous atoms

69. Dissociation of hydrogen iodide gas

70. Dissociation of water vapor

71. General theory of dissociation

72. Relation of this theory to that of Gibbs

73. The sensitive region is uniformly distributed around the entire atom

CHAPTER VII SUPPLEMENTS TO THE LAWS OF THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM IN GASES WITH COMPOUND MOLECULES

74. Definition of the quantity H, which measures the probabilities of states

75. Change of the quantity H through intramolecular motion

76. Characterization of the first special case considered

77. Form of Liouville's theorem in the special case considered

78. Change of the quantity if as a consequence of collisions

79. Most general characterization of the collision of two molecules

80. Application of Liouville's theorem to collisions of the most general kind

81. Method of calculation with finite differences

82. Integral expression for the most general change of H by collisions

83. Detailed specification of the case now to be considered

84. Solution of the equation valid for each collision

85. Only the atoms of a single type collide with each other

86. Determination of the probability of a particular kind of central motion

87. Characterization of our assumption about the initial state

88.

On the return of a system to a former state

89. Relation to the second law of thermodynamics

90. Application to the universe

91. Application of the probability calculus in molecular physics

92. Derivation of thermal equilibrium by reversal of the time direction

93. Proof for a cyclic series of a finite number of states

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Notes:

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher's Web site, viewed 28. Okt 2020)

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780520327474

0520327470

OCLC:

1202623192