Security Assistance in the Middle East : Challenges ... and the Need for Change.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Alaoui, Hicham.

Contributor:

Springborg, Robert.

Series:

A Project of the Hicham Alaoui Foundation Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Middle East--Military relations--United States.

Middle East.

United States--Military relations--Middle East.

United States.

Middle East--Military relations--Europe.

Europe--Military relations--Middle East.

Europe.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (405 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2023.

Summary:

Why, given the enormous resources spent by the US and Europe on security assistance to Arab countries, has it led to so little success? Can anything be done to change the disheartening status quo? Addressing these thorny questions, the authors of this state-of-the-art assessment evaluate the costs and benefits to the main providers and recipients of security assistance in the MENA region and explore alternative strategies to improve outcomes for both.

Contents:

Intro

Title Page

copyright page

Contents

Acknowledgments

Ch 1- First, Do No Harm: Curing What Ails Security Assistance to the Middle East

Impacts of Regional Context

Implications for Tactics and Strategies

Truth in Packaging Security Assistance

Purpose and Organization of the Book

Notes

Ch 2- Security Assistance in a Changing Region

Dealing with the Reality vs. the Rhetoric of Security Assistance

The Changing Strategic Environment for Security Assistance

The Role of Outside Powers: Europe, Russia, and China

Challenges by MENA Subregion and Country

Adapting Security Assistance to an Ongoing Revolution in Security Forces

Changing the Security Assistance Role and Impact of the United States

The Impact of the Uncertain Trends in US Strategy and Security Assistance

Shaping an Uncertain Future

Ch 3- Political Drivers of Demand for Security Assistance

Oil Monarchies

Repressive Republics

Table 3.1 Size of Militaries in Four MENA Repressive Republics

Table 3.2 Size of Militaries in Three MENA Oil Monarchies

Flawed Democracies

What Is to Be Done?

Ch 4- Tunisia: A Reframed Security-Centered Approach

Foreign Assistance Through the Lens of Securitization

Mapping US Foreign Security Assistance and Its Impacts on Tunisia's Military

US Security Assistance and Its Implications for Tunisia's Marginalized Border Regions

Conclusion

Ch 5- Lebanon: Assessing US-Led Capabilities Development

The Post-Civil War Lebanese Armed Forces

The Multisectarian Makeup of the Postwar LAF

Lebanese Civil-Military Relations

The United States and Lebanon Policy

Drivers of US Security Assistance and Security Cooperation to the LAF

US-Supported Efforts and Outcomes

Assessing the Limits of US Security Assistance and Security Cooperation to the LAF.

Assessing the Limits of the LAF's Ability to Absorb US Assistance

Lessons from Iran's Military Support for Hezbollah

Ch 6- Egypt: Reconsidering the Political Value of US Assistance

Shrinking Value, Losing Influence?

Table 6.1 Egyptian State Budget, EAF's Budget, and US Military Aid, 1985-2020

Ending Dependency on US Arms?

How to Reform the Aid Package to Enhance Democracy?

Ch 7- EU and Member States' Security Assistance: Complementary or Contradictory?

Figure 7.1 European Involvement in Security Assistance and Reform, 2009-2018 (US Million)

Iraq, the EU, and France

Tunisia, the EU, and Germany

Libya, the EU, the Netherlands, and France

Ch 8- The Politics of Security Assistance by "European NATO"

"When Our Neighbours Are Stable, We Are More Secure"

Figure 8.1 NATO Partners in MENA

The Politics of Security Assistance Through NATO

Conclusion: Supply, Demand, and Control

Ch 9- The Gulf Monarchies: Security Consumers and Providers

The Domestic Political Environment

The Gulf Economies and the Burden of Defense Spending

Table 9.1 GCC Countries and Yemen UNDP HDI Rank

Table 9.2 GCC Break-Even Oil Prices per Barrel, 2020

Table 9.3 GCC Weapons Imports from the United States, 1970-2014

Table 9.4 Defense Spending in the GCC, 2004-2010

Table 9.5 Military-Expenditures-to-GDP Ratio for the GCC States, 2011-2018 (percentage)

Armaments Acquisition

Providing Security

Ch 10- Regional Entanglements: MENA States as Providers of Security Assistance

Existing Approaches to the Study of Security Assistance Practices

Entanglements of Security Assistance

Entanglements in Iran's Security Assistance Practices

Entanglements in Turkish Security Assistance.

Conclusions: Security Assistance and Entangled Geographies of Control in the Middle East

Ch 11- US Security Assistance in Jordan: Militarized Politics and Elusive Metrics

Theoretical Precepts About Recipient Dynamics of Security Assistance

Jordan's Security Sector and the JAF

Table 11.1 The Costs of Coercion in Jordan, 1965-2020 (in Jordanian dinars, millions)

The Ends of US Security Assistance

Ch 12- Security Assistance and Public Support for Arab Militaries

What Explains Support for the Military? Consequence-Based Approach

Measuring Confidence in the Military

Individual-Level Hypotheses

Contextual Hypotheses

The Data

Measurement

Table 12.1 US Security Assistance to MENA States, 2019

Table 12.2 Five Types of Military Responses During the Arab Spring

Table 12.3 Contextual Factors

Figure 12.1 Mean Confidence in the Army in Seven Countries (Wave IV, 2016-2017)

Figure 12.2 Mean Belief that Democracy Is Suitable in Seven Countries (Wave IV, 2016-2017)

Table 12.4 Mean Confidence in the Armed Forces by Independent Variable

Results and Discussion

Table 12.5 Factors Predicting Confidence in the Military and Support for Democracy

Ch 13- Civilians in Arab Defense Affairs: Implications for Providers ofSecurity Assistance

Hobbling Security Assistance

Political and Cultural Explanations

The Civilian Handicap

Hamstringing Defense Institution Building

The Efficiency of Civil-Military Relations

Civil-Military Integration: The Case of Defense Industry

Conclusion: Plus ça Change?

Ch 14- US Security Assistance to Egypt: The Importance of Framing a Relationship

Ch 15- Subjectivity and Objectivity in Assessing Security Assistance

US Historical Context

SA Develops an Objective Methodology.

Long-Term Relationship Building: A Subjective Approach to SA

Going Forward

Ch 16- Quit Trying, or Try to Cure?

Many and Difficult Choices

Many Guns, No Silver Bullet

Escaping Historical Legacies and Contemporary Pressures

The Democratic Paradox

Downsizing Militaries

Strengthening States

Provider Reforms

Division of Tasks

Clouded Future of Security Assistance to MENA

Acronyms

Bibliography

The Contributors

Index

About the Book.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Alaoui, Hicham Security Assistance in the Middle East

ISBN:

9781955055994

1955055998

OCLC:

1369663899