Mitochondria and anaerobic energy metabolism in eukaryotes : biochemistry and evolution / William F. Martin, Aloysius G. M. Tielens, Marek Mentel.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Martin, William F., Professor Dr., author.

Tielens, Aloysius Gerard Marie, 1951- author.

Mentel, Marek, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Mitochondria.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (XVII, 252 p.)

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; Boston : De Gruyter, [2021]

Language Note:

In English.

Summary:

Mitochondria are sometimes called the powerhouses of eukaryotic cells, because mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis in the cell. ATP is the universal energy currency, it provides the power that runs all other life processes. Humans need oxygen to survive because of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. The sugars from our diet are converted to carbon dioxide in mitochondria in a process that requires oxygen. Just like a fire needs oxygen to burn, our mitochondria need oxygen to make ATP. From textbooks and popular literature one can easily get the impression that all mitochondria require oxygen. But that is not the case. There are many groups of organisms known that make ATP in mitochondria without the help of oxygen. They have preserved biochemical relicts from the early evolution of eukaryotic cells, which took place during times in Earth history when there was hardly any oxygen available, certainly not enough to breathe. How the anaerobic forms of mitochondria work, in which organisms they occur, and how the eukaryotic anaerobes that possess them fit into the larger picture of rising atmospheric oxygen during Earth history are the topic of this book.

Contents:

Frontmatter

Preface

Contents

List of figures

List of abbreviations

Part I: Basics

Introduction

1 Anaerobes and eukaryote origin

2 Eukaryotes in low oxygen environments

3 A modern context of atmospheric evolution

4 Energy metabolism and redox balance

5 Fermentation, glycolysis, and compartmentation

6 Respiration is not always aerobic

7 Using oxygen can be optional

8 The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)

9 O2 dependent fermentations in trypanosomes

10 Anaerobic mitochondria

11 Mitochondria with and without oxygen

12 Hydrogenosomes and H2-producing mitochondria

13 Mitosomes and microaerophilia

14 Other organelles of mitochondrial origin

15 Genomes are not alive

Part II: Well-studied examples

16 Anaerobic use of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain

17 Naegleria gruberi, a strict aerobe with an “anaerobic genome”

18 Malate dismutation in the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica

19 The roundworms Ascaris suum and Ascaris lumbricoides

20 Animals in tidal zones, anaerobic sediments and sulfide

21 Anaerobic respiration in eukaryotes, rare but there

22 Enzymes of anaerobic energy metabolism in algae

23 Wax ester fermentation in Euglena gracilis

24 Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a jack of all trades

25 Organisms with hydrogenosomes

26 Nyctotherus ovalis and H2-producing mitochondria

27 Energy metabolism in organisms with mitosomes

28 Energy parasites

Part III: Evolution

29 Why did mitochondria become synonymous with O2?

30 Ubiquitous mitochondria among anaerobes

31 Differential loss from a facultative anaerobic ancestral state

32 Oxygen availability in early eukaryote evolution: the Pasteurian

33 Evolution with mitochondrial energy metabolism

34 Envoi

Bibliography

Index

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

3-11-061241-0

OCLC:

1226678901