Dietary protein intake : a series of evidence scans on acute adverse health effects, chronic disease risk, and daily requirements / Joanne Spahn.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Spahn, Joanne, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Low-protein diet.

Chronic diseases--Risk factors.

Chronic diseases.

Physical Description:

1 online resource

Other Title:

Dietary protein intake

Place of Publication:

Alexandria, VA : USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review, 2022.

Summary:

The Joint Canada-US Dietary Reference Intakes Working Group has launched an effort to update the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for macronutrients in the coming years, including protein. The USDA Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review team is supporting this effort by conducting a series of evidence scans related to total dietary protein intake. These evidence scans will inform potential future systematic reviews (SRs) that will be conducted to update the macronutrient (including protein) DRIs. Current DRIs for dietary protein include Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) values for apparently healthy children age 7 months to 18 years and apparently healthy adults age 19 years and older, based on a meta-analysis of nitrogen balance studies. Adequate Intake (AI) values for apparently healthy infants 0 to 6 months, are based on the average consumption of protein from human milk. There was not enough information to establish specific Tolerable Upper Intake levels (UL) for dietary protein or the indispensable amino acids. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR), defined as "a range of intakes for a particular energy source that is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients," are set for protein and the other macronutrients. Protein requirements (expressed as a percentage of total energy intake) are not independent of other energy sources or the total energy requirement of the individual. However, the upper range for total protein intake from diet as a percent of total energy intake was set at no more than 35% in adults to decrease risk of chronic disease. In 2005, there was insufficient evidence to support a recommendation for total protein intake or to suggest an upper limit for an AMDR for protein intake based on chronic disease risk specifically. It was acknowledged, however, that high total protein intake or high animal protein intake is implicated in the following health conditions: osteoporosis, renal stones, renal insufficiency, coronary artery disease, and obesity. Since the 2005 DRIs for macronutrients and energy were published, further research has been completed on the relationship between protein intake and health, including adverse health effects, chronic disease risk, and protein intake requirements overall. To address the update to the evidence base around protein intake and to aid in informing future work on the DRIs, the following evidence scans were completed: The first evidence scan (Chapter 1) addresses the following questions: What is the relationship between high dietary protein intake and acute adverse health effects? What is the relationship between high amino acid intake and acute adverse health effects? The second evidence scan (Chapter 2) addresses the following question: What is the relationship between dietary protein intake and risk of chronic disease? The third evidence scan (Chapter 3) addresses the following questions: What is the average daily dietary protein intake requirement of apparently healthy individuals by life stage and sex? What is the average daily intake requirement for individual indispensable amino acids of apparently healthy individuals by life stage and sex?

Contents:

Introduction

Project methods

Chapter 1. High dietary protein intake (including amino acid intake) and acute adverse health effects

Specific methods to conduct this evidence scan

Results

Chapter 2. Protein intake and chronic disease risk

Chapter 3. Average daily dietary protein intake (including amino acid intake) requirement

References for all three evidence scan chapters

Acknowledgments and funding

Appendices

Appendix 0. Abbreviations

Appendix 1-a. Literature search strategy for high protein intake and acute adverse health effects evidence scan

Appendix 1-b. Excluded articles for high protein intake and acute adverse health effects evidence scan

Appendix 2-a. Literature search strategy for protein intake and chronic disease risk evidence scan

Appendix 2-b. Literature search strategy for protein intake and length of sleep evidence scan (supplemental to chronic disease risk scan)

Appendix 2-c. Literature search strategy for protein intake and appetite/satiety evidence scan (supplemental to chronic disease risk scan)

Appendix 2-d. Bibliography of excluded reviews identified that evaluated plant and/or animal protein intake (not total protein intake)

Appendix 2-e. Excluded articles for protein intake and chronic disease risk evidence scan

Appendix 2-f. Excluded articles for protein intake and sleep duration evidence scan (supplemental to chronic disease risk scan)

Appendix 2-g. Excluded articles for protein intake and appetite/satiety evidence scan (supplemental to chronic disease risk scan)

Appendix 2-h. AMSTAR 2 assessment of review quality and funding source by outcome category,

Appendix 2-i. Duplication assessment for protein intake and all-cause mortality evidence

Appendix 2-j. Duplication assessment for protein intake and bone health evidence

Appendix 2-k. Duplication assessment for protein intake and cardiovascular disease risk evidence

Appendix 2-l. Duplication assessment for protein intake and diabetes risk evidence

Appendix 2-m. Duplication assessment for protein intake and renal health evidence

Appendix 2-n. Duplication assessment for protein intake and sarcopenia evidence

Appendix 3-a. Literature search strategy for the protein requirements evidence scan

Appendix 3-b. Excluded articles for the protein requirements evidence scan.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.