Clay science in drilling and drilling fluids / Guanzheng Zhuang and Peng Yuan, editors.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Zhuang, Guanzheng, editor.

Yuan, Peng, editor.

Series:

Developments in clay science ; Volume 11.

Developments in Clay Science Series ; Volume 11

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drilling and boring.

Drilling muds.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (371 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier Ltd., [2024]

Summary:

This book delves into the scientific study of clay minerals and their application in drilling and drilling fluids. Edited by Guanzheng Zhuang and Peng Yuan, the work explores the role of clay minerals in maintaining wellbore stability, regulating the rheology, and controlling fluid loss in drilling operations. It covers the use of bentonite and fibrous clay minerals in water-based drilling fluids, the interactions of clay mineral nanoparticles, and the challenges of borehole instability related to clay minerals. The book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of clay mineral stabilization using inorganic and organic inhibitors, with insights into their application in both water-based and oil-based drilling fluids. The intended audience includes researchers, practitioners, and students in the fields of environmental science, engineering, and geosciences. Generated by AI.

Contents:

Front Cover

Clay Science in Drilling and Drilling Fluids

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

List of contributors

About the editors

Acknowledgments

1 The significance of clay minerals in drilling and drilling fluids

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Clay minerals influence the wellbore stability

1.3 Clay minerals regulate the rheology of drilling fluids

1.4 Clay minerals control fluid loss

1.5 Conclusions

References

2 Application of bentonite in water-based drilling fluids

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Colloidal chemistry of montmorillonite

2.2.1 Structure

2.2.2 Surface charge

2.2.3 Hydration and swelling

2.2.4 Particle associations and colloidal forces

2.2.5 Microstructure of montmorillonite colloids

2.2.6 Aging behavior

2.3 Rheological properties of montmorillonite in water-based mud

2.3.1 Influence of clay mineral concentration

2.3.2 Influence of particle size

2.3.3 Influence of interlayer cations

2.3.4 Influence of pH

2.3.5 Influence of electrolytes

2.3.5.1 Influence of cations

2.3.5.2 Influence of anions

2.3.6 Influence of temperature and pressure

2.3.7 Influence of gelling agents

2.3.8 Influence of thinners

2.4 Filtration properties

2.4.1 Influence of montmorillonite on the fluid loss

2.4.2 Influence of filtration reducers

2.5 Conclusions

3 Application of fibrous clay minerals in water-based drilling fluids

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Structures and morphology of Pal and Sep

3.2.1 Structure and microporous structure

3.2.2 Morphology

3.3 Colloidal properties of Pal and Sep in water

3.3.1 Surface hydrophilicity and hydration

3.3.2 Surface charge and electric double layer

3.3.3 Gel formation and network structure

3.4 Rheological properties of Pal and Sep in water-based muds

3.4.1 Viscosity and gel strength.

3.4.2 Flow behavior

3.5 Factors influencing colloidal and rheological properties

3.5.1 Influence of clay mineral concentration

3.5.2 Influence of clay mineral morphology

3.5.3 Influence of particles aggregation

3.5.4 Influence of pH

3.5.5 Influence of electrolytes

3.5.6 Influence of adsorbed cations

3.5.7 Influence of temperature

3.6 Filtration properties of Pal and Sep in water-based muds

3.7 Synergetic use of fibrous and platy clay minerals in water-based muds

3.8 Conclusions and perspectives

4 Clay mineral-nanoparticle interactions in drilling fluids

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Oxides nanoparticles

4.2.1 Silica oxide nanoparticles

4.2.2 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles

4.2.3 Copper oxide nanoparticles

4.2.4 Iron oxide nanoparticles

4.2.5 Zinc oxide nanoparticles

4.3 Polymeric nanoparticles

4.3.1 Cellulose nanocrystals

4.3.2 Polymer nanocomposites

4.4 Carbon-based nanoparticles

4.4.1 Graphene

4.4.2 Carbon nanotubes

4.4.3 Carbonate ash

4.5 Mineral-based nanoparticles

4.5.1 Carbonate nanoparticles

4.5.2 Perlite nanoparticles

4.5.3 Mixed metal hydroxides

4.6 Conclusions

5 Borehole instability related to clay minerals

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Shales

5.2.1 Different classifications of shales

5.2.2 Shale composition

5.2.3 Formation of shales

5.2.4 Four types of shales in drilling

5.2.4.1 Brittle shales

5.2.4.2 Hydrable shales

5.2.4.3 Abnormally pressurized shales

5.2.4.4 Tectonically stressed shales

5.3 Borehole instability

5.3.1 Mechanical rock failure mechanisms

5.3.2 Chemical-induced shale instability

5.3.2.1 Capillary pressure

5.3.2.2 Osmotic pressure

5.3.2.3 Pressure diffusion

5.3.3 Symptoms of wellbore instability

5.3.4 Borehole instability prevention and numerical modeling.

5.4 Clay minerals in shale formations

5.4.1 Clay mineral structures and their sensitivity to water

5.4.1.1 Sodium montmorillonite, smectite (bentonite)

5.4.1.2 Illite

5.4.1.3 Kaolinite and chlorite

5.4.2 Swelling of the clay minerals and swelling pressure

5.4.3 Clay mineral swelling mechanism

5.4.4 Clay mineral inhibition mechanism

5.4.4.1 Ion inhibition

5.4.4.2 Encapsulation

5.4.4.3 Physical plugging (blocking agents)

5.4.4.4 Mud Inhibitors: technical selection criteria

5.5 Shale sample characterization

5.5.1 Shale pre-treatment, decontamination, and preservation

5.5.2 Shale characterization methods

5.5.2.1 X-ray diffraction

5.5.2.2 Thin section analysis

5.5.2.3 Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence

5.5.2.4 Water activity (Wa), water content (Wc) and adsorption

5.5.2.5 Cation exchange capacity and clay mineral reactivity

5.5.2.6 Dielectric constant measurement

5.5.2.7 Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

5.5.2.8 Thermo-gravimetric analysis

5.5.2.9 Other additional methods

5.5.3 Shale dispersion and inhibition tests

5.5.3.1 Swelling test

5.5.3.2 Capillary suction test

5.5.3.3 Bulk hardness test

5.5.3.4 Inhibition test

5.5.3.5 Hot-rolling dispersion test (shale disintegration resistance or cuttings dispersion test)

5.5.3.6 New dispersion test

5.5.4 Borehole stability tests

5.5.4.1 Triaxial failure test

5.5.4.2 Pore pressure transmission test

5.5.4.3 Accretion test

5.6 Conclusions

6 Clay minerals stabilization by inorganic inhibitors

6.1 Introduction

6.2 History of inorganic inhibitors

6.3 Classification of inorganic inhibitors

6.3.1 Classification by materials

6.3.1.1 Inorganic salts

6.3.1.2 Inorganic nanoparticles

6.3.2 Classification by mechanisms.

6.3.2.1 Preventing the invasion of water into the rock pores

6.3.2.1.1 Reducing the water activity of the drilling fluid

6.3.2.1.2 Increasing the viscosity of the filtrate

6.3.2.1.3 Plugging the pores

6.3.2.1.4 Changing the wettability of the clay mineral surface

6.3.2.1.5 Reducing the hydration energy of clay minerals

6.3.2.1.6 Improving the compactness of mud cake

6.3.2.2 Increasing the binding force between clay mineral particles in the rock

6.3.2.2.1 Encapsulating clay mineral particles together

6.3.2.3 Forming chemical bonds between particles

6.4 Inorganic salts

6.4.1 Sodium and calcium salts

6.4.2 Potassium salts

6.4.3 Ammonium salts

6.4.4 Silicate salts

6.4.5 Aluminum salts

6.5 Inorganic nanoparticles

6.5.1 Mineral-based nanoparticles

6.5.2 Silicon-based nanoparticles

6.5.3 Carbon-based nanoparticles

6.5.4 Metal-based nanoparticles

6.6 Conclusions and perspectives

7 Clay minerals stabilization by organic inhibitors

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Surfactants

7.3 Quaternary amine compounds

7.4 Oligomers

7.4.1 Polyols

7.4.2 Polyetheramines

7.4.3 Other oligomers

7.5 Polymers

7.5.1 High-molecular coating agent

7.5.2 Polyethyleneimine

7.5.3 Polyquaternium

7.5.4 Low-molecular-weight multiple copolymers

7.6 Ionic liquids

7.7 Plant extracts

7.8 Conclusions and outlook

8 Application of organo-montmorillonite in oil-based drilling fluids

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Preparation of organo-montmorillonite

8.2.1 Organic modifiers

8.2.1.1 Cationic surfactants

8.2.1.2 Nonionic surfactants

8.2.1.3 Mixed modifiers

8.2.2 Methods for organo-montmorillonite preparation

8.2.2.1 Wet method in aqueous diluted media

8.2.2.2 Dry method or solid-state method

8.2.2.3 Semidry method in concentrated aqueous media.

8.2.3 Modification mechanisms

8.2.3.1 Cation exchange with organic cations

8.2.3.2 Interaction with nonionic surfactants

8.2.3.3 Synergistic effect of surfactants

8.3 Structure of organo-montmorillonite

8.3.1 Basal spacing

8.3.2 Morphology

8.3.3 Arrangement of interlayer modifiers

8.4 Colloidal properties of organo-montmorillonite in oil

8.4.1 Dispersity

8.4.2 Swelling

8.4.3 Exfoliation

8.4.4 Gel formation ability

8.5 Rheological properties of organo-montmorillonite in oil-based mud

8.5.1 Flow behavior

8.5.2 Influence of the modifier structure and properties

8.5.3 Influence of the modifier dosage

8.5.4 Influence of temperature and pressure on the rheology of oil-based muds

8.6 Conclusions and perspectives

9 Application of fibrous organoclays in oil-based drilling fluids

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Organic modification of Pal and Sep

9.2.1 Organic modifiers

9.2.2 Modification methods

9.2.3 Modification mechanisms

9.2.4 Structures of OPal and OSep

9.3 Colloidal and rheological properties

9.3.1 Network structure

9.3.2 Flow behavior

9.3.3 Viscosity and gel strength

9.3.4 Shear thinning behavior

9.3.5 Thixotropy

9.4 Factors influencing colloidal and rheological behaviors

9.4.1 Lipophilicity of surfactants

9.4.2 Loading level of surfactants

9.4.3 Insertion of organic modifiers

9.4.4 Temperature

9.5 Synergetic use of OMt and fibrous organoclays

9.5.1 Rheological properties

9.5.2 Gel formation mechanism

9.6 Conclusions and perspectives

10 Colloidal science of organoclays in invert emulsion drilling fluids

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Components of invert emulsion drilling fluids

10.2.1 Base oil phase

10.2.2 Water phase

10.2.3 Emulsifiers

10.2.4 Organoclays.

10.2.5 Other components of invert emulsion drilling fluids.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Part of the metadata in this record was created by AI, based on the text of the resource.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780443155994

0443155992