Nanosized tubular clay minerals : halloysite and imogolite / edited by Peng Yuan, Antoine Thill, Faïza Bergaya.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Yuan, Peng, editor.

Thill, Antoine, editor.

Bergaya, Faïza, editor.

Series:

Developments in clay science ; Volume 7.

Developments in Clay Science, 1572-4352 ; Volume 7

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanostructured materials.

Clay.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (780 pages) : illustrations (some color), tables.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2016.

Summary:

Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals provides the latest coverage from leading scientists on a wide field of expertise regarding the current state of knowledge about nanosized tubular clay minerals. All chapters have been carefully edited and coordinated, and readers will find a resource that provides a clear view of the fundamental properties of clay materials and how their properties vary in chemical composition, structure, and the ways in which their modes of occurrence affect their engineering applications.Besides being a great reference, the book provides research scientists, university teachers, industrial chemists, physicists, graduate students, and environmental engineers and technologists with the ability to analyze and characterize clays and clay minerals to improve selectivity, along with techniques on how they can apply clays in ceramics in all aspects of industrial, geotechnical, agricultural, and environmental use.- Examines clay properties from the molecular to the macroscopic scale- Addresses experimental and modeling issues- Authored by experts who are well-versed in the properties of nanosized tubular clay minerals

Contents:

Front Cover

Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals: Halloysite and Imogolite

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Contributors

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: General Introduction

References

Part I: Geology and Mineralogy of Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals

Chapter 2: Geology and Mineralogy of Nanosized Tubular Halloysite

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Background History and Nomenclature

2.3. Genesis and Occurrence

2.3.1. Geological Processes of Main Halloysite Ores and Soils

2.3.2. Genetic Relation Between Halloysite and Kaolinite

2.3.3. Main Halloysite Ore Deposit in the World

2.4. Mineralogical Characterisation

2.4.1. Crystal Structure

2.4.1.1. Crystal Structure and Related Characterisations

2.4.1.2. Qualitative and Quantitative Differentiation of Halloysite and Kaolinite

2.4.2. Chemical Composition and Affecting Factors

2.4.3. Morphology and Origin of Its Diversity

2.4.3.1. Tubular Halloysite

2.4.3.2. Spheroidal Halloysite

2.4.3.3. Relation Between Morphology and Iron Content

2.4.4. Hydration and Dehydration: An Important Fingerprint of Their Properties

2.4.4.1. Dehydration-Rehydration Behaviour upon RH

2.4.4.2. Interlayer Water Content and Status

2.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 3: Geology and Mineralogy of Imogolite-Type Materials

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Structural Properties of Imogolite-Type Materials

3.2.1. Imogolite

3.2.2. Allophanes

3.2.3. Typical Methodology Applied to Differentiate Imogolite and Allophanes

3.2.4. Imogolite, Allophane, Proto-Imogolite and Proto-Allophane: Multiple Names for a Single Material?

3.3. Occurrence and Formation of Imogolite-Type Materials in Geologic and Pedologic Environments

3.3.1. Occurrence and Formation in the Geological Environment

3.3.2. Occurrence and Formation in Soil.

3.3.2.1. Andosols: An Imogolite-Type Material Mine

3.3.2.2. Imogolite-Type Material Formation in Soils

3.4. Reactivity and Effect on Soil Properties

3.4.1. Phosphate

3.4.2. Metals

3.4.3. Organic Matter

3.5. Concluding Remarks

Part II: Structure and Properties of Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals

Chapter 4: Physicochemical Properties of Halloysite

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Surface and Colloidal Properties of Halloysite

4.2.1. Cation Exchange Capacity

4.2.2. Specific Surface Area and Porosity

4.2.3. Dispersion Behaviour in Water

4.2.4. Hydrophilicity and Hydrophobicity

4.3. Mechanical Properties of Halloysite

4.4. Chemical Stability of Halloysite Under Acid and Alkaline Treatments

4.4.1. Effect of Acid Treatment on Halloysite

4.4.2. Effect of Alkali Treatment on Halloysite

4.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 5: Characterisation of Halloysite by Electron Microscopy

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Background of Electron Microscopy

5.3. Morphological Analysis

5.4. Electron Diffraction

5.5. HRTEM Imaging of the Crystal Structure

5.6. Reconciliation of ED and HRTEM Results

5.7. Formation Mechanism of Halloysite Structure

5.8. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 6: Characterisation of Halloysite by Spectroscopy

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Brief Presentation of Various Spectroscopic Methods

6.2.1. Infrared Spectroscopy

6.2.2. Raman Spectroscopy

6.2.3. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

6.2.4. Solid-State Magic-Angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

6.2.5. Mössbauer Spectroscopy

6.2.6. Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy

6.3. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Halloysite and Related Kaolin Minerals

6.3.1. The Hydroxyl Groups and Interlayer Water

6.3.2. Halloysite Layers.

6.4. Other Spectroscopic Characterisations of Halloysite

6.4.1. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

6.4.2. Solid-State MAS-NMR

6.4.3. ESR, Mössbauer and Cathodeluminescence Techniques

6.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 7: Thermal-Treatment-Induced Deformations and Modifications of Halloysite

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Dehydration of Halloysite Under Thermal Treatment-Effects of Temperature

7.3. Structural Changes and Phase Transformations of Halloysite Under Calcination

7.4. Deformations in Texture and Morphology of Halloysite Under Calcination and Related Modifications in Surface Reactivities

7.4.1. Deformations in Texture and Morphology

7.4.2. Changes in Surface Reactivities

7.5. Some Applications of Heat-Treated Halloysite

7.6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 8: Surface Modifications of Halloysite

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Chemical Modification of the Internal Lumen Surface

8.2.1. Grafting of Organosilane onto the Internal Aluminol Groups

8.2.2. Grafting of Other Organic Compounds onto Internal Aluminol Groups

8.3. Modification of the External Surface

8.3.1. Surfactant, Polymer and Biopolymer Coatings

8.3.2. Organosilane Modification of Calcined Halloysite

8.4. Modification of the Interlayer Surface

8.4.1. Intercalation of Guest Molecules into the Interlayer Space

8.4.2. Grafting of Organics in the Interlayer Space

8.5. Applications of Surface-Modified Halloysite

8.5.1. Halloysite Polymer Nanocomposite

8.5.2. Controlled Loading and Release of Guest Molecules

8.5.3. Pollution Remediation

8.6. Concluding Remarks

Abbreviations

Chapter 9: Physicochemical Properties of Imogolite

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Surface Properties of Imogolite

9.2.1. Surface Charge

9.2.2. Electrokinetic Phenomena

9.3. Chemisorption and Physisorption.

9.3.1. Gas Adsorption Properties

9.3.1.1. Determination of Textural Properties Through Adsorption of Nonreactive and Non-H-Bonded Molecules

9.3.1.2. Determination of Acid-Base Properties Through Adsorption of Reactive Molecules

9.3.1.3. Water and H-Bonded Liquid Adsorption on Imogolite

9.3.2. Metal/Metalloid Adsorption in the Liquid Phase

9.4. Conclusive Remarks

Chapter 10: Characterisation of Imogolite by Microscopic and Spectroscopic Methods

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Microscopic Methods

10.2.1. Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

10.2.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy

10.2.3. Cryo-TEM

10.3. Spectroscopic Methods

10.3.1. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy

10.3.2. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

10.3.3. X-Ray Absorption Including X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure and Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure

10.3.4. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

10.4. Scattering Methods

10.4.1. Dynamic Light Scattering

10.4.2. X-Ray-Based Analysis

10.4.2.1. XRD by Imogolite and Imogolite Bundles

10.4.2.2. Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering

10.5. Chemical and Mass Analysis

10.5.1. Chemical Composition

10.5.2. Gas Adsorption

10.5.3. Water Adsorption and Thermogravimetric Analysis

10.6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 11: Deformations and Thermal Modifications of Imogolite

11.1. Introduction

11.2. X-Ray Scattering Formalism

11.2.1. Individual Nanotubes

11.2.2. Nanotubes Organised in Bundles

11.2.3. Typical Experimental Setup

11.3. Ovalisation of the Imogolite

11.4. Hexagonalisation of the Imogolite

11.5. Dehydroxylation and High-Temperature Structural Transformations

11.6. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 12: Surface Chemical Modifications of Imogolite

12.1. Introduction.

12.2. Modification of the Inner Pores of Imogolite

12.2.1. Direct Synthesis Methods

12.2.2. Postsynthesis Methods

12.2.3. Properties of the Obtained Materials

12.3. Modification of the Outer Surface of Imogolite

12.3.1. Grafting of Organic Molecules

12.3.2. Reactivity of Outer Surfaces

12.4. Surface Properties of the Lamellar Phases Deriving from Imogolite Thermal Collapse

12.5. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 13: Liquid-Crystalline Phases of Imogolite and Halloysite Dispersions

13.1. Introduction

13.2. Structures of Liquid Crystals

13.3. The Nematic Phase of Imogolite Nanotubes

13.4. The Columnar Phase of Imogolite Nanotubes

13.5. Anisotropy of clay polymer nanocomposites Based on Imogolite Nanotubes

13.6. Liquid-Crystalline Phases of Halloysite, Another Rodlike Tubular Clay Mineral

13.7. Concluding Remarks

Chapter 14: Molecular Simulation of Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals

14.1. Introduction

14.2. Computational Aspects

14.2.1. Force Field Simulations

14.2.2. Density-Functional Theory

14.2.3. Self-consistent-Charge Density-Functional Tight-Binding Method

14.3. Imogolites

14.3.1. Imogolite Model

14.3.2. Imogolite: Aluminosilicate Nanotubes

14.3.3. Aluminogermanate Nanotubes

14.3.4. Other Imogolite-like Nanotubes

14.3.5. Modification of Imogolite

14.4. Halloysite

14.5. Chrysotile and Nano-Fibriform Silica

14.6. Concluding Remarks

Part III: Synthesis of Nanosized Tubular Clay Minerals

Chapter 15: Why a 1:1 2D Structure Tends to Roll?: A Thermodynamic Perspective

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Equilibrium Energy of a Single Nanotube

15.2.1. Single-Walled (SW) Case

15.2.2. Double-Walled (DW) Case

15.2.3. Multi-Walled (MW) Case

15.2.3.1. ma≪R0, thin MW.

15.2.3.2. R0≪a, thick single layer.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed June 30, 2016).

ISBN:

9780081002926

0081002920

9780081002933

0081002939