Economic Diversification in Africa : Lessons from Botswana / Imogen Mogotsi and Ndateelela Namwoonde.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Mogotsi, Imogen, author.

Namwoonde, Ndateelela, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economic policy--Botswana.

Economic policy.

Botswana.

Genre:

Essays.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (328 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Windhoek, Namibia : University of Namibia Press, [2022]

Summary:

Botswana is a major producer of the world's diamondsand has been a pacesetter for beneficiation in the country. All mineral resources are finite: Botswana is working towards diversifying the economy before the diamonds run out. As one of the most stable and prosperous countries in Africa, Botswana sets an example to follow. This book gives a practical review of topical issues andthe roles of government, the private sector, economic institutions and the international community in driving economic diversification. It highlights challenges faced by many small open economies in Africa as they search for new engines of growth.

Contents:

Cover

Title page

Copyright page

Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms

List of Figures and Tables

1. Economic Diversification in Botswana: An introduction

REFERENCES

2. Measuring Economic Diversification: A Review

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 MEASURES OF ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

2.2.1 Measures Based on Industrial Organisation Theory

2.2.2 Measures Based on Other Theoretical Propositions

2.3 INDUSTRIAL DIVERSITY IN BOTSWANA: ILLUSTRATION

2.4 CONCLUSION

3. The Need for Economic Diversification in Botswana

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 STATUS OF THE BOTSWANA ECONOMY

3.3 VULNERABILITY OF THE BOTSWANA ECONOMY

3.4 OVER-RELIANCE ON IMPORTS

3.5 DIAMONDS: A FINITE RESOURCE

3.6 DIVERSIFICATION AND EXTERNALITY EFFECTS

3.7 DIVERSIFICATION AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH

3.7.1 Botswana's Economic Growth and Employment Creation

3.8 CONCLUSION

4. Economic Diversification Strategies and Policies in Botswana

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION PROGRAMMES AND POLICIES IN BOTSWANA

4.2.1 Financial Assistance Policy (FAP)

4.2.2 The Selibe-Phikwe Regional Development Programme

4.2.3 Export Development and Investment Authority

4.2.4 Local Enterprise Authority

4.3 HUBS, INITIATIVES AND THE ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION DRIVE OF 2010

4.3.1 Hubs' Initiatives

4.3.2 Economic Diversification Drive of 2010

4.4 THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

4.5 MANAGEMENT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES AND FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS

4.5.1 Management of Foreign Exchange Reserves

4.5.2 Financial Sector in Botswana and Key Reforms

4.6 CONCLUSION

5. Implications of Regulation on Economic Diversification in Botswana

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 JUSTIFICATION: WHY STUDY THE REGULATION-DIVERSIFICATION LINK?.

5.2.1 The Growing Ubiquity of the Regulatory Mode of Governance

5.2.2 Why Study Regulation?

5.3 TYPES OF REGULATION

5.3.1 Economic Regulation

5.3.2 Social Regulation

5.4 TYPOLOGIES OF REGULATORY ENTITIES

5.4.1 Regulation through Public Agencies

5.4.2 Self-Regulation

5.4.3 Regulation by Commission

5.5 THEORIES OF REGULATION

5.5.1 Public Interest Theory

5.5.2 Economic Theory of Regulation

5.5.3 Principal-Agent Theory

5.6 A SURVEY OF REGULATORY INSTRUMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

5.6.1 Air Transport

5.6.2 The Financial Sector

5.6.3 The Telecommunications Sector

5.6.4 Water and Electricity

5.6.5 The Botswana Meat Commission

5.6.6 Competition Regulation

5.6.7 Regional Economic Commitments: The Case of SACU

5.7 CONCLUSIONS

5.7.1 The Effect of State Ownership

5.7.2 Lack of Competitive Neutrality

5.7.3 The Spectre of Legal Monopolies on Economic Diversification

5.7.4 Lack of Credibility of Decision-Making

ACTS OF PARLIAMENT (REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA)

6. The Role for Competition Policy in Botswana's Economic Diversification

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 COMPETITION AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION: THE THEORETICAL LINK

6.2.1 The Resource Efficiency Channel

6.2.2 The Entry/Exit Channel

6.2.3 The Innovation Channel

6.3 COMPETITION POLICY AND ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

6.4 COMPETITION POLICY IN BOTSWANA

6.4.1 Policy Goals

6.4.2 Policy Administration

6.4.3 Implementation

6.4.4 Communications and Advocacy

6.4.5 Mergers and Monopolies

6.4.6 Prohibited Practices

6.5 CONCLUSION

7. International Trade and Economic Diversification

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 TRADE POLICY AND EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION IN AFRICA

7.3 LITERATURE REVIEW

7.3.1 Horizontal Export Diversification.

7.3.2 Vertical Export Diversification

7.3.3 Normalised Hirschman Index

7.3.4 Trade Theories and Diversification

7.4 BOTSWANA AND EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION

7.5 EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION AND INDUSTRIAL/TRADE POLICY

7.6 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

8. Diamond Beneficiation and Economic Diversification in Botswana

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 LOCAL CONTENT

8.2.1 Local Content Development

8.3 SOME OF BOTSWANA'S ACHIEVEMENTS

8.4 CHALLENGES FACING LOCAL CONTENT

8.5 CONCLUSION

9. Growth and Diversification in Botswana's Agriculture

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 AGRICULTURAL GROWTH PERFORMANCE

9.2.1 Contribution to GDP

9.2.2 Contribution to Employment

9.2.3 Agriculture and Poverty

9.2.4 Sub-Sectoral Growth

9.3 AGRICULTURAL DIVERSIFICATION TRENDS

9.3.1 What is Agricultural Diversification

9.3.2 Horizontal Diversification

9.3.3 Vertical Diversification

9.3.4 Diversification Through Off-Farm Employment

9.4 INTERVENTIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL GROWTH AND DIVERSIFICATION

9.4.1 Public Expenditure in Agriculture

9.4.2 Sub-Sector Specific Initiatives

9.5 FUTURE DIRECTIONS

9.6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

10. Diversifying Botswana's Economy through Tourism

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 TOURISM MARKET, PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

10.3 DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTUALISATION OF TOURISM

10.4 TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION

10.5 DIVERSIFYING THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: INITIATIVES, STRATEGIES AND POLICY

10.5.1 Uniform Approach to the Definition and Conceptualisation of Tourism

10.5.2 Product and Geographical Diversification

10.5.3 Infrastructure Development

10.5.4 Policy Considerations

10.6 CONCLUSIONS

11. Domestic Tourism: An Avenue for the Growth and Sustainability of Tourism

11.1 INTRODUCTION.

11.2 COVID-19, INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND THE ECONOMY

11.2.1 Covid-19 and International Tourism: The Global Experience

11.2.2 International Tourism and Covid-19: The Botswana Experience

11.3 STRATEGIES TO BOOST DOMESTIC TOURISM DEMAND

11.3.1 Product Development

11.3.2 Marketing and Pricing Strategies

11.3.3 Funding Opportunities

11.4 CONCLUSION

12. The Role of Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises in Economic Diversification

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 DEFINITION OF SMMEs

12.3 CONTRIBUTION OF SMMEs TO THE BOTSWANA ECONOMY

12.3.1 Employment Creation

12.3.2 Poverty Alleviation

12.3.3 Economic Contribution

12.4 REVIEW OF POLICIES FOR SMMEs IN BOTSWANA

12.5 CHALLENGES FACED BY SMMEs

12.5.1 Competition

12.5.2 Lack of Training and Management Skills

12.5.3 Poor Access to Finance

12.5.4 Inability to Penetrate Foreign Markets

12.6 THE WAY FORWARD

12.7 CONCLUSION

13. Entrepreneurship and Economic Diversification: Maximising Gains from Informal Business

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 ENTREPRENEURSHIP-ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS

13.3 INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: WHY DOES IT MATTER?

13.4 POLICIES FOR INFORMAL-SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP

13.5 INFORMAL BUSINESSES IN BOTSWANA: OVERVIEW, CHALLENGES AND POLICY OPTIONS

13.5.1 Overview of Informal Businesses

13.5.2 Challenges Encountered by Informal Businesses and Policy Options

13.6 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

14. Can the Financial Sector Support Economic Diversification in Botswana?

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 THE ROLE OF THE FINANCIAL SECTOR IN DIVERSIFICATION

14.2.1 Financial Development and Diversification

14.2.2 The Dangers of the Loosely Regulated Financial Sector: Recent Evidence

14.3 FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENTS

14.3.1 Monetary Policy and its Performance.

14.3.2 Exchange Rate Policy

14.4 BANKING SYSTEM

14.4.1 Institutional Developments

14.4.2 Role of Intermediation

14.5 THE NON-BANK FINANCIAL SECTOR

14.5.1 Capital markets

14.5.2 Government Support of Capital Markets

14.6 MEASURING DIVERSIFICATION

14.7 CONCLUSION

15. Diversification and Gender

15.1 INTRODUCTION

15.2 ACCESS TO EDUCATION FOR MALES VERSUS FEMALES

15.3 EMPLOYMENT AND INCOMES OF MALES VERSUS FEMALES

15.4 WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

15.5 WOMEN AND DIVERSIFICATION IN BOTSWANA

15.6 GENDER AND THE INFORMAL SECTOR IN BOTSWANA

15.7 CHALLENGES FACED BY INFORMAL-SECTOR ENTERPRISES

15.8 CONCLUSIONS AND POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

16. Information and Technology (IT): An Answer to Botswana's Economic Diversification Efforts?

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 WHAT IS IT?

16.3 TRENDS IN IT: THE CASE OF BOTSWANA

16.4 ICT POLICY IN BOTSWANA AND THE BROADBAND STRATEGY

16.5 POTENTIAL BENEFITS

16.6 LIMITATIONS

16.7 CONCLUSION

17. Economic Diversification in Botswana: Conclusion and Future Directions

17.1 REGULATION AND COMPETITION POLICY

17.2 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

17.3 AGRICULTURE

17.4 TOURISM AND RELATED ACTIVITIES

17.5 SMALL BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

17.6 FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORM

17.7 WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

17.8 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)

17.9 FINAL THOUGHTS

REFERENCE

About the editors

About the authors

Index

Back cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

99916-42-83-8

OCLC:

1411310773