Education and the Future of Latin America.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Toledo Manrique, Alejandro.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Education and state--Latin America.

Education and state.

Education--Latin America.

Education.

Educational equalization--Latin America.

Educational equalization.

Social justice and education.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (264 pages)

Place of Publication:

Boulder, CO : Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2021.

Summary:

What will it take to overcome the many challenges that Latin America faces in developing quality, inclusive education for its diverse population? That is the question at the heart of Alejandro Toledo's new book. Toledo begins from the premise that the uneven caliber of schools and universities in the region is only part of the problem. Drawing on his own childhood experiences living in deep poverty, he addresses the inequalities in health care, the large pockets of economic deprivation, and the discrimination against Indigenous peoples that continue to characterize Latin American societies--and to negatively affect student learning. He also takes a hard look at teacher competence, the harsh conditions of rural education, and the pitfalls of privatizing higher education. His examples of successes, and his call for sustained political leadership in reforming education, are both realistic and refreshingly candid.

Contents:

Intro

Title page

copyright page

Contents

Tables and Figures

Preface

Ch1- A Vision for Quality Education in Latin America

The Great Expansion of Latin American Education

Figure 1.1 Secondary School Enrollment, by Region, 1980-2017 (millions)

Figure 1.2 Tertiary Education Enrollment, by Region, 1980-2017 (millions)

Figure 1.3 Net Upper-Secondary Enrollment Rate, by Country, 2014 (percent)

Figure 1.4 Tertiary Gross Enrollment Rate, by Country and Region, 2017 (percent)

Educational Quality

Figure 1.5 UNESCO TERCE Sixth Grade Math Score vs. GDP per Capita, by Country, 2013

Figure 1.6 UNESCO TERCE Sixth Grade Reading Score vs. GDP perCapita, by Country, 2013

Table 1.1 PISA Average Mathematics and Reading Scale Scores Adjusted for Family Academic Resources (equal to the Spanish 2012 PISA sample distribution), by Country, 2003-2018

The Major Challenges

Ch2- The Inequality of Educational Outcomes

The Expansion of Education Enrollment in Latin America

Table 2.1 Population in Rural Areas, by Country, 1990, 2015, and 2019 (in percent)

Table 2.2 Years of Schooling in the Population Twenty-Five to Fifty-Nine Years Old, by Country and Urban/Rural, 1990-2018

Table 2.3 Average Years of Schooling of Students Taking the PISA Test, Gap Between Very Disadvantaged and Advantaged Students, 2000-2015 (gap measured in years of schooling)

Figure 2.1a Brazil and Mexico: Average PISA Mathematics Scale Score, by Students' Family Academic Resource Group, 2000-2018

Figure 2.1b Argentina and Chile: Average PISA Mathematics Scale Score, by Students' Family Academic Resource Group, 2000-2018

Figure 2.1c Peru and Colombia: Average PISA Mathematics Scale Score, by Students' Family Academic Resource Group, 2000-2018.

Figure 2.1d Argentina and Uruguay: Average PISA Mathematics Scale Score, by Students' Family Academic Resource Group, 2000-2018

Figure 2.2 Average SERCE and TERCE Mathematics Score, by Family Academic Resource Group and Country, 2007 and 2014

Table 2.4 Reported and Adjusted SERCE Sixth Grade Mathematics and Reading Scores, Ranking by Country, 2007

Table 2.5 Reported and Adjusted TERCE Sixth Grade Mathematics and Reading Scores, Ranking by Country, 2014

The Quality of Education Among Latin American Countries

The Inequality of Educational Delivery

What We Need to Know to Move Latin American Education Forward

Ch3- Building the Foundation for Better Education

Reducing Child Poverty

Figure 3.1 Child Extreme Poverty and Child Poverty, by Country, 2005-2011 (percent of child population 0-17 years old)

Access to Basic Health Services

Child Malnutrition

Figure 3.2 Chronic Child Malnutrition (children under five who are under height) and Acute Child Malnutrition (children under five whoare underweight), by Country, 2007-2016 (latest year, varies bycountry) (percent)

Improving Access to Health Care

Addressing Hunger and Malnutrition

Table 3.1 Food Energy Supply, by Region of the World (kcal/person/day)

Access to Basic Services

Decent Housing

Figure 3.3 Rural Population with Access to Improved Piped Water, by Country, 2011 (percent)

Reducing Violence

Summing Up

Ch4- The Imperative of Early Childhood Education

Does Early Childhood Education Improve Students' Primary School Achievement?

Table 4.1 Estimated Effect of Three Years of Preprimary Education on Primary School Students' Test Scores, 2007

Table 4.2 Estimated Effect of Three Years of Preprimary Education on Primary School Students' Test Scores, 2014

Current Access to Early Childhood Education.

Figure 4.1 Latin America: Gross Enrollment in Early Childhood Education and Preprimary Education, by Country, 2015 (percent)

Figure 4.2 Pupil-Teacher Ratio, Preprimary Education, by Country, 2005-2015

How Should Latin American Countries Invest in Early Childhood Education?

Ch5- Bringing Quality Education to Rural Areas

Some Evidence of the Low Quality of Rural Education

Table 5.1 Latin America: School Infrastructure, by Type of Service and Type of School, 2014 (in percent)

Table 5.2 Latin America: Rural Education Deficit, 2007 and 2014

Colombia: Escuela Nueva

Peru

Mexico

Brazil

Politics and Rural Educational Refo

Notes

Ch6- Education Policy for Indigenous Populations

The Condition of Indigenous Peoples in Latin America

The Autonomy vs. Assimilation Debate in Indigenous Education

Lessons from Bilingual, Bicultural Education in Latin America

The Critical Role of Higher Education

Some Takeaways on Indigenous Education and Multiculturalism

Ch7- Teachers and Teaching

The State of Teachers and Teaching

Figure 7.1 Mathematics Content Knowledge of Teachers Across Countries

Figure 7.2 Proportion of Classroom Time on Academic Activities (percent)

The Bottom Line: Teachers Need to Be Better Trained to Teach

Table 7.1 Framework for Defining Excellent Teacher Education

Figure 7.3 The PED Curriculum Model

Figure 7.4 The PED Theory of Action: Building Coherence

Some Conclusions

Ch8- The Challenges of Crime and Violence

Table 8.1 Homicide Rates (homicides per 100,000 population), Late 1970s-2018

Violence and the State

Violence and the Quality of Education

Reducing Crime and Violence

Ch9- Bridging the Digital Divide

How Large Is the Digital Divide in Latin America?

Table 9.1 Household Access to Digital Technology, 2005-2017, by Region (in percent).

Table 9.2 Household Access to Digital Technology, 2005-2017, by Country (in percent)

The Distribution of Information Technology Within Latin American Countries

Table 9.3 Proportion of Individuals Who Use the Internet, 2010-2017, by Country/Region (in percent)

Table 9.4 Twelve- to Nineteen-Year-Olds with Internet in the Home, by Country, 2009 (in percent)

Table 9.5 Households with Access to Digital Technology, by Income Group and Country, 2013 (in percent)

Economic Approaches to Reducing the Digital Divide

Schools and the Digital Divide

Some Final Thoughts

Ch10- Higher Education as a Force for Greater Equality

The Shape of Higher Education Expansion in Latin America

Table 10.1 Gross Enrollment Rates, Higher Education, by Country, 1990-2017 (total student enrollment in tertiary educationas a percentage of population aged eighteen to twenty four years)

Table 10.2 Enrollment in Private Higher Education Institutions, by Country, 2000-2018 (as percentage of total higher education enrollment)

Table 10.3 Public Spending per Student for the Total of Students Enrolled in Public and Private Higher Education Institutions, 1998-2016(constant PPP)

Table 10.4 Estimated Public Spending per Public Higher Education Student, 2000-2015 (constant PPP)

Is Higher Education Financing in Latin America Rational?

Affirmative Action

How Can Higher Education Systems Contribute to Greater Equality?

Ch11- The Crucial Role of Sustained Public Leadership

Cases Studies of Successful Educational Leadership

What Do the Cases Teach Us About Leadership?

References

Index

About the Book.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-62637-972-6

OCLC:

1312727127