Alliances and Treaties with Indigenous Peoples of Québec : The History of the Wolastoqiyik First Nation. the Maliseet Nation of the St. Lawrence / Camil Girard and Carl Brisson ; translated by Kateri Aubin Dubois.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Girard, Camil, 1950- author.

Brisson, Carl, 1958- author.

Contributor:

Dubois, Kateri Aubin, translator.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Indians of North America--Canada--History.

Indians of North America.

Indigenous people--Canada--History.

Saint Lawrence River Valley--History.

Saint Lawrence River Valley.

Local Subjects:

Indigenous people--Canada--History.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (372 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Québec : Presses de l'Université Laval, [2024]

Summary:

In the context of the recognition of the Maliseet of Viger First Nation (MVFN, now Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk) by Canada (1987) and Québec (1989), we propose to examine how and why this nation was forgotten. The story is set in a long-term perspective and in the broader context of the official recognition of Indigenous Peoples in Canada (1982), of Indigenous Nations in Québec (1985 and 2000) and of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007).

Contents:

Intro

Contents

List of maps

List of figures

List of tables

List of Appendices

Preface

Kévin Morais

Amsqahsewey

Acknowledgements

Foreword

The history of the Maliseet of Viger First Nation in Québec: Research orientation and methodology

Terms of reference

Introduction

The context of research with the Maliseet of Viger First Nation

The general context of the recognition of Indigenous Peoples and the claims of the Maliseet People of Québec

Methodology and new questions of the research

Chapter 1

From pre-contact to the first coastal meetings

The Etchemin/Maliseet: Hunters and fishers

The Maliseet: Hunters, fishers, and also farmers

First contacts with Indigenous Peoples (1500-1603)

Chapter 2

The Etchemin and the alliance of Indigenous Nations with France

The first treaty of alliance between France and Indigenous Nations (1603)

Analysis of the commission of 8 November 1603

Recent readings of the 1603 alliance

The Innu presence on the ancestral lands of the Maliseet

Presence of the Maliseet on their traditional lands

The French policy regarding alliances and treaties

The Grande Paix de Montréal of 1701

Chapter 3

Maliseet Nations' treaties with the British, 1725-1760

The treaty of 1725-1726: Neutrality and rights of Indigenous Peoples confirmed and continued

The treaties of 1749 confirm the Treaty of 1725 and reiterate the parties' commitment

The treaty of 16 September 1752

The Treaty of 1760: Renewal and confirmation of the Treaty of 1725

Maliseet leaders recognize the Treaty of 1725 during celebrations on 4 June 2016

Chapter 4

Managing land for agriculture and settlement

From 1534 to 1627

1627 to 1663

1663 to 1674

1723 to 1745

Management of land used for commercial purposes

Chapter 5.

The Conquest, the Royal Proclamation, and the recognition of Indigenous Nations

The Royal Proclamation of 1763

The Crown commits to protecting traditional lands "possessed" by "nations or tribes"

Protest and ensuing recognition of the traditional lands of the Maliseet in the province of Québec (1765)

The King's Domain: Recognized as "Indian territory" in 1767

Chapter 6

The Maliseet: From recognition (1763) to oblivion and dispersal (1869)

Establishing the policies and legislation that excluded Indigenous Peoples from Confederation (1774-1876)

United Province of Canada and the implementation of a policy of municipalization

Chapter 7

From dispersal to the rebirth of the Wolastoqiyik Nation of the St. Lawrence

Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk First Nation (Maliseet Nation of Québec)

The 1969 White Paper and the creation of Indigenous advocacy organizations

The Constitution Act, 1982: Repatriation of the constitution, along with constitutional recognition and continuing exclusion of Indigenous Peoples

Amendment of the Indian Act (1985): The federal government's obsession with extinguishment (absolute surrender)

Rebirth of the Maliseet of Viger First Nation, 27 and 28 June 1987 in Rivière-du-Loup

From the French regime to the present: Maliseet families that have made claims or and affirmed the culture of the Wolastoqiyik

General conclusion

The Maliseet People, from first contact to the nineteenth century: A People of alliances and treaties

French regime: A policy of alliances and treaties

The British Regime: Recognition and the construction of a discourse of continuing exclusion

United Province of Canada and the Canadian federation: From oblivion to manipulated memory, or when Hunting Grounds become "reserves" and Indigenous Nations become "Indian bands" under trusteeship.

The Maliseet/Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk Nation of Québec: From forgotten memories (dispersal in 1869) to rebirth and recognition (1987)

Appendices

Bibliography

Map sources

Map 1 - Archaeological sites in Maliseet territory

Map 2 - French settlements in America, sixteenth to early seventeenth century

Map 3 - Location of Tadoussac in present-day Québec

Map 4 - New France, 1609

Map 5 - Meeting places, 1604

Map 6 - Indigenous Nations occupying the territory of present-day Québec, around 1600

Map 7 - The King's Domain, about 1650

Map 8 - Indigenous Nations and confederacies of northeastern Turtle Island, 1585

Map 9 - Travel routes in New Brunswick, 1895

Map 10 - Boundaries of Maliseet traditional territory in New Brunswick, 1946

Map 11 - Traditional territory of the Maliseet, 1978

Map 12 - Portages and rivers between the Saint John and St. Lawrence Rivers, 2001

Map 13 - Extract from a map by Lescarbot, 1609

Map 14 - Extract from a map by Champlain, 1632

Map 15 - Denonville's map, 1685

Map 16 - Extract from a map by De Rozier, 1699

Map 17 - Extract from a map of Acadia, 1702

Map 18 - Extract from a map by Aubry, 1715

Map 19 - Extract from a map by Bellin, 1744

Map 20 - Extract from a map by Morris, 1749

Map 21 - Extract from a map by Mitchell, 1756

Map 22 - Extract from a map by Mitchell, 1757

Map 23 - Extract from a map by Delarochette, 1763

Map 24 - Extract from a map by Jefferys, 1775

Map 25 - Extract from a map by Franquelin, 1686

Map 26 - Extract from a map by De Rozier, 1699

Map 27 - Extract from a map by Delisle, 1703

Map 28 - Extract from a map by Aubry, 1713

Map 29 - Extract from a map of New France, early eighteenth century

Map 30 - Extract from a map by Aubry, 1715

Map 31 - Extract from a map by Moll, 1720.

Map 32 - Extract from a map by the Royal Academy of Sciences, 1729

Map 33 - Extract from a map by Bellin, 1744

Map 34 - Extract from a map by Morris, 1749

Map 35 - Extract from a map by d'Anville, 1755

Map 36 - Extract from a map by Le Rouge, 1755

Map 37 - Extract from a map by Jefferys, 1755

Map 38 - Extract from a map by Bellin, 1757

Map 39 - Extract from a map by Bellin, 1764

Map 40 - Traditional territory of the Maliseet

Map 41 - Territory of the Wabanaki Confederacy

Map 42 - Seigneuries granted by 1663

Map 43 - Seigneuries granted by 1674

Map 44 - Seigneuries granted by 1745

Map 45 - Grants of rights for commercial exploitation

Map 46 - The province of Québec, as specified in the Royal Proclamation of 1763

Map 47 - Territory claimed in 1765

Map 48 - Map by Champlain, 1632

Map 49 - Map of the village of Viger, 1847

Map 50 - Evolution of municipalization, 1831

Map 51 - Evolution of municipalization, 1851

Map 52 - Evolution of municipalization, 1871

Map 53 - Location of members of the Wolastoqiyik Wahsipekuk First Nation living in Québec

Map 54 - Evolution of municipalization, 2019

Map 55 - Land ownership, 2019

Map 56 - Ancestral lands covered by the 2019 declaration

Figure 1 - Cover page of a history of the takeover of Indigenous governments of the state of Tlaxcala by Indigenous Peoples allied with the Spanish

Figure 2 - Re-enactment of the meeting on 27 May 1603 at Pointe Saint-Mathieu, (now Pointe aux Alouettes, municipality of Baie-Sainte-Catherine)

Figure 3 - Celebrating the 1603-2003 alliance: Chapel located on the heritage site

Figure 4 - Mural depicting the history of alliances in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico

Figure 5 - France-Iroquois treaties, 1666

Figure 6 - Wampum belts

Figure 7 - The signatories to the Grande Paix de Montréal (1701).

Figure 8 - Plaque commemorating the Treaty of 1726

Figure 9 - Plaque commemorating the signing of the Treaty of 1725 by the Maliseet Nations

Figure 10 - Petition for land by St. John River Indians (1826)

Figure 11 - Document: "Indian Reserve no. 4, Viger, Québec"

Table 1 - Portages and rivers mentioned in maps or text

Table 2 - Camp or village names mentioned on maps

Table 3 - Grant submitting aveux et dénombrement, 1663

Table 4 - Population of New France (St. Lawrence Lowlands), 1663

Table 5 - Grants submitting aveux et dénombrement, 1674

Table 6 - Population of New France (St. Lawrence Lowlands), 1681

Table 7 - Grants submitting aveux et dénombrement, 1723-1745

Table 8 - Population of New France (St. Lawrence Lowlands), 1739

Table 9 - Grants of rights to hunting, fishing, and trade with Savages

Table 10 - Population in 1831

Table 11 - Population in 1851

Table 12 - Maliseet affected by the sale of the Viger reserve, 1870

Table 13 - Population in 1871

Table 14 - Families involved in claims by and the recognition of the Maliseet Nation

Table 15 - Distribution of registered members by place of residence, 2019

Appendix 1

Commission of the King to the Sieur de Monts, for the habitation of the lands of the Cadie, Canada and other places in New France (November 8, 1603)

Appendix 2

Treaties signed by New France with the Iroquois in 1666

Appendix 3

La Grande Paix de Montréal, 1701

Appendix 4

Indigenous Peoples' treaties, Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, etc., 1725-1776

Appendix 5

Maliseet claim, 1765, and the Governor's reply. Letter of January 19, 1765 and the Governor's reply published as an official document in The Quebec Gazette

Appendix 6

Manuscript document, Maliseet and the loss of the Viger territory, August 4, 1869

Appendix 7.

Solemn Declaration of Mutual Respect and Inter-nation Alliance among Indigenous Peoples in Québec, May 16, 2019, in Québec City.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

2-7663-0272-7

OCLC:

1435755452