A guide to Pedestrian and cyclist safety / edited by Vincent M. Mizell.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mizell, Vincent M., editor.

Series:

Transportation Issues, Policies and R&d Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

City traffic--Planning.

City traffic.

Streets--Design and construction.

Streets.

Streets--Planning.

United States.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (358 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, NY : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2023]

Summary:

"Pedestrians, bicyclists, and other non-motorist road users account for a growing share of all U.S. traffic fatalities. Pedestrian and bicycle safety continue to be a focus area under the Federal Highway Administration's Focused Approach to Safety. Chapter 1 contains wide ranging topics related to pedestrian and bicyclist safety and access to transit. Chapter 2 presents foundational principles for planning and designing intersections for pedestrians and bicyclists and design concepts for each of the intersection types. Chapter 3 helps generate objective descriptors of non-motorist crash types, location context, and other crash circumstances, which in turn can be used to inform crash and injury prevention strategies."-- Preface.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1

Improving Safety for Pedestrians and Bicyclists Accessing Transit*

Acronyms

Introduction

About this Guide

Who Is This Guide for?

What Does It Contain?

How to Use This Guide

Background

The Fundamentals

Who Uses Transit?

Distance Pedestrians and Bicyclists Are Willing to Travel to Transit

Pedestrian and Bicyclist Characteristics and Behavior

Crash Factors for Pedestrians and Bicyclists Accessing Transit

Tools for Identifying Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Issues

Direct Feedback

Transit Stop Assessment Tools

Transit Stop Checklists

RSAs

Facility Inventories

Transit Stop Balancing

Estimating First-Mile/Last-Mile Access

Observing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Behavior

Essential Considerations

Safety Data Analysis

Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crash Data Analysis

Health Outcome Data

Emerging Data Sources

Collision Avoidance Warning System

System Ridership Data

Transit Vehicle Location Data

Tools for Crash Investigations

Approaches to Enhancing Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety

Internal Actions

Transit Agency Organizational Improvements

Transit Operator Training Programs

Internal Agency Documentation and Policies

Transit Services and Facilities

Transit Vehicle Safety Features

Partnerships

Public Agency Partnerships

Public/Private Partnerships

Mobility as a Service

Design and Operational Measures

Transit Access

Pedestrian Facility Design

Sidewalk Width

Sidewalk Surface

Sidewalk Buffer

Additional Sidewalk Considerations

Bicyclist Facility Design

Facility Type Considerations

Shared Bus-Bicycle Lanes

Roadway Crossings

Marked Crossings

Refuge Islands

Curb Extensions

Reduced Corner Radii

Raised Crossings.

Rectangular Rapid-Flashing Beacons (RRFBs) and Pedestrian Hybrid Beacons (PHBs)

Modifying Motor Vehicle Travel Lanes

Regulatory and Warning Signs

Pedestrian and Bicycle Signals

Two-Stage Bicycle Turn Box

Leading Pedestrian and Bicyclist Intervals

Turning Restrictions

Rail, Light Rail, and Streetcar Crossings

Special Considerations

Transit Stop/Station

Transit Stop Placement

Transit Stop Design

Curbside Stops

Curbside Pullouts

Bus Bulb Outs

Floating Transit Stops

Median Stop

Lighting

Transit Stop Amenities

Mobility Hubs and Micromobility

Overcoming Barriers to Safe and Accessible Transit

Changing Driver Behavior Near Transit Stops

Co-Locating Mobility Options

Technological Solutions to Route Planning

Addressing Sidewalk Maintenance

Resilience Planning for Emergency Response

Appendix A

RSA Prompt List Excerpt

Appendix B: Prompt List

Pedestrians Checklist and Considerations for Temporary Traffic Control Zones

Pedestrian Considerations during Planning and Design

Planning

Design

Design Recommendations

Pedestrian Considerations in the Field

Construction/Maintenance/Utility

Helpful Resources

References

Chapter 2

Improving Intersections for Pedestrians and Bicyclists: Informational Guide*

Foreword

Part I. Principles for Including Pedestrians and Bicyclists at Intersections

Expect Pedestrians and Bicyclists at All Intersections

Use a Safe System Approach

Provide Access for All Ages and Abilities

Rural

Rural Town

Suburban

Urban

Urban Core

Existing Bikeway and Pedestrian Facility Selection Guidance

Bikeway Network and Countermeasure Selection

Pedestrian Network and Countermeasure Selection

Common Pedestrian and Bicycle Design Features and Countermeasures for Intersections.

Sidewalks

Crosswalks

Pedestrian Refuge Islands

Bikeways and Bike Crossings

Traffic Signals and Beacons

Assessment Techniques for Intersection Alternatives

Intersection Level of Service and Delay

The Highway Safety Manual and Crash-Based Methods

Safe System for Intersections (SSI) Method

Design Flag Assessment

Part II. Designs for Intersection Types

Intersection Types and Design Concepts

Stop-Controlled Intersections

Traditional Signalized Intersection

Roundabout

Median U-Turn (MUT) Intersection

Restricted Crossing U-Turn (RCUT) Intersection

Quadrant Roadway (QR) Intersection

Displaced Left Turn (DLT) Intersection

Diverging Diamond Interchange (DDI)

Additional Intersection Design Considerations

Right-Turn Crossings

Common Exit Ramp Approach Angles

Bike Lane Transitions

Signal Phasing and Timing

Detection

Grade-Separated Crossings

Intersections in Context

Resources for Additional Information

Planning for and Selecting Bikeways and Pedestrian Pathways

Design Guidance for Bikeways and Pedestrian Pathways at Intersections

Assessment Techniques for Including Bicyclists and Pedestrians at Intersections

Chapter 3

PBCAT Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Analysis Tool*

Abbreviations

Introduction to PBCAT 3

Need for Crash Typing

Benefits of Crash Typing with PBCAT 3

Background and Development of PBCAT 3

Main Features of PBCAT 3

One Module Allows Crash Typing for Most Non-Motorist Modes

Users Can Easily Merge Data with Other Crash Variables

Audience and Uses for PBCAT 3 Data

Identify Common and Distinct Crash Types and Related Factors across Nonmotorized Modes

Hotspot, Systemic, and Policy Approaches to Improve Road Safety

Vehicle and Other Technologies Research

Comparing and Validating Conflict Studies.

Holistic and Safe Systems Approaches

Data Improvement

Considerations for Using PBCAT

Next Steps for Using PBCAT 3

Getting Started

How to Use PBCAT 3

Illustrations as Crash Typing Aid

Entering Data

Enter File Name

Enter Crash Report Number

Code Crash Types and other Variables

Confirm Crash Type

Special Circumstances

Recoding Cases with Errors

PBCAT 3 Functionality

Good Protocols for PBCAT 3 Data Entry

Good Protocols for File Management

Compiling PBCAT 3 Data with Other Data

PBCAT 3 Crash Typing System and Variables

Types of Information Generated

Key Variables

Optional Variables

Crash Typing Logic

Type of Non-motorist

Mode Basic (modeBasic in CSV File)

Category Options (No Illustrations)

Mode Detailed (modeDetailed in CSV file) (Optional)

Category Options for When Mode Basic = Pedalcyclist or Power-Assisted Pedalcyclist (No Illustrations)

Category Options for When Mode Basic = Powered Personal Conveyance (No Illustrations)

Category Options for When Mode Basic = Pedestrian/Other Pedestrian (No Illustrations)

Crash Location Context

Relation to Trafficway (relationToTrafficway in CSV File)

Category Options and Illustrations

Crash Location Type (crashLocationType in CSV File)

Category Options and Illustrations for Crash Location Type When Relation to Trafficway = On Trafficway

Category Options and Illustrations for Crash Location Type When Relation to Trafficway = Non-Trafficway

Leg of Intersection (legOfIntersection in CSV File) (Optional)

Category Options and Two Illustrations

Road or Lane Departure (roadLaneDeparture in CSV file) (Optional)

Type of Facility the Non-motorist Was Using

Travel Lane Type (travelLaneTypeCrash in CSV file) (Optional).

Category Options and Illustrations (No Illustrations)

Maneuvers of the Motorist and Non-motorist Prior to the Crash

Motorist Maneuver (motoristManeuver in CSV File)

Non-motorist Maneuver/Action (non-motoristManeuver in CSV File)

Crash Types

Detailed Crash Type (crashTypeDetailed in CSV File)

Basic Crash Type (crashTypeBasic in CSV File)

Motorist Going Straight Crash Types

Motorist Turning Right Crash Types

Motorist Turning Left Crash Types

Parked Motor Vehicle Crash Types

Motorist Entering Traffic Lane Crash Types

Motorist Backing Crash Types

Motorist Other Maneuver Crash Types

Motorist Unknown Maneuver Crash Types

Other Maneuvers and Crash-Related Indicators

Non-motorist Turning (non-motoristTurning in CSV File) (Optional)

Category Options (no Illustrations)

Overtaking Indicator (overtakingIndicator in CSV File) (Optional)

(Non-motorist) Contraflow Indicator (contraflowIndicator in CSV File) (Optional)

Category Options (no illustrations)

Dooring Indicator (dooringIndicator in CSV File) (Optional)

Special Circumstances (All Are Optional)

Coding Test

Variable Mapping

Mode

Relation to Trafficway

Crash Location Type

Facility Type at Crash

Motorist Precrash Maneuver

Non-motorist Maneuver/Action

Comparing PBCAT 3 to PBCAT 2 Crash Types

Analysis Notes

Analysis Tips

Diagnosis of Hotspot Crash Problems

Systemic Analysis

Countermeasures Resources

Appendix A. Basic Crash Types

Parked Basic Crash Types

Backing Crash Types

Other Maneuver Basic Crash Types

Unknown Maneuver Basic Crash Types

Appendix B. Special Circumstances Variable Options in PBCAT 3

Special Circumstance 1 (Optional) [Screen 1 topics and questions].

Loss of Control/Turning Errors-Motorist or Non-motorist.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Print version: Mizell, Vincent M. A Guide to Pedestrian and Cyclist Safety

ISBN:

979-88-911-3051-7