Light and lens : photography in the digital age / Robert Hirsch with Edward Bateman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hirsch, Robert, 1949- author.

Bateman, Edward James, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photography--Digital techniques.

Photography.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (489 pages)

Edition:

4th ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, New York : Routledge, [2023]

Summary:

"The latest edition of this pioneering book allows students to acquire an essential foundation for digital photography. Fully updated, it clearly and concisely covers the fundamental concepts of imagemaking, how to use digital technology to create compelling images, and how to output and preserve images in the digital world. Exploring history, methods, and theory, this text offers classroom-tested assignments and exercises from leading photographic educators, approaches for analyzing, discussing, and writing about photographs, and tools to critically explore and make images with increased visual literacy. New to this fourth edition: Completely updated and renewed to reflect social trends and technological advances Highly reconstructed Chapter 3: Image Capture Revamped Chapter 4: Exposure and Filter Entirely new Chapter 8: Digital Studio Expanded smartphone photography coverage Numerous new innovative artists and llustrations New engaging assignments Ideal for undergraduate students of digital photography and hobbyist photographers"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Half Title

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Preface

Artist Contributors

Chapter 1: Why We Make Pictures

A Concise History of Visual Ideas

Not Just Pictures but Photographs

The Grammar of Photography

The Evolution of Photographic Imaging

Full Circle: Some Things Remain the Same

Shaping Meaning

Before Photoshop

Combination Printing

The Advent of Straight Photography

The Pictorialists

The Photo-Secessionists

Straight Photography Arrives

Modernistic Approaches

Documentary/Photojournalistic Approach

Straight Photography and Previsualization

Group f/64 and the Zone System

Postvisualization

Social Landscape and the Snapshot Aesthetic

The Alternative Scene

The Rise of Color Photography

Postmodernism

Electronic Imaging: New Ways of Making

The Digital Imaging Transformation

New Media

Questions Regarding Photo-Based Imagemaking

References

Chapter 2: Design: Visual Foundations

Learning to See: Communicating with Design

Beginner's Mind

The Design Process

The Nature of Photography: Subtractive Composition

Departure Point

Attention Span and Staying Power

Photography's Privilege

The Language of Vision

Photography's Native Characteristics

Design Principles

Unity and Variety

Emphasis

Scale and Proportion

The Golden Mean: The Rule of Thirds

Balance

Visual Elements

Line

Shape

Space

Texture

Pattern

Symbolism

General Symbol Categories

Shapes and Their General Symbolic Associations

Color Symbolism

Color Symbols and Some Potential Associations

Chapter 3: Image Capture: Cameras, Lenses, and Scanners

The Camera

Camera Antecedents

The Role of the Camera

What Is a Camera?

How a Camera Imaging System Works

Digital Cameras

Digital Observations.

Image Sensors: CCD and CMOS

Color Filter Array: Bayer Filter Mosaic

Pixels

Image Resolution

PPI: Pixels Per Inch and Digital Camera Resolution

DPI: Dots Per Inch and Printer Resolution

The Differences between PPI and DPI

Visual Acuity and 300 DPI

Digital Camera Types

Smartphone Cameras

Compact Digital Cameras

Digital Single-Lens Reflex Cameras

Mirrorless Cameras

Other Camera Types

Choosing a Camera

Camera File Formats

Image Compression Algorithms: Lossless and Lossy

Major Image File Formats

JPEG

TIFF

HEIF

RAW and Post-Processing

DNG

Opening Files

The Lens System and Exposure

Aperture

Aperture/f-Stop, Control/Shutter, Control/Exposure Modes

Depth of Field

What Focal Length Establishes

The Focal Length Rule

35mm Film Camera Equivalencies

Angle of View

Calculating Lens Equivalency for Digital Sensors

Types of Lenses

Zoom Lens

Normal Lens

Wide-Angle Lens

Telephoto Lens

Special-Use Lenses

Optical and Digital Zoom

Lens Focal Length Scaling Factors for Smaller Sensor Sizes

Focusing the Image

Autofocus Modes

Shutters: Capturing Time

Rolling and Global Shutters

Shutter Speed Control

Shutter Lag

Shutter Modes

Image Stabilization

Digital ISO/Sensitivity

Determining Exposure

Digital Camera Features and Care

Resolution and Print Size

Memory Buffer

Removable Camera Memory Storage

Flash

Battery

Battery Choices

Battery Care in Cold Conditions

Camera, Lens, Monitor, and Sensor Care

Protection against the Elements

Digital Camera Software Features

Software: You Press the Button and the Camera Does the Rest

On-Camera Digital Displays

Playback Mode and Histogram

White Balance

Metering Modes

Aspect Ratio Modes

Image Enhancement and Scene Modes

Sharpening Mode.

Noise Reduction

Metadata/EXIF

Firmware

Still Camera Video

Stills from Video and its Effects on Photojournalists and Event Photographers

The Scanner is a Camera

Flatbed Scanners

Film Scanners

Scanning Guidelines

Scanning Steps

Storing Digital Images

Image Transfer

Digital Asset Management (DAM)

Storage Media for Final Image Files

Hard Drive Storage

Solid-State USB Drives, Jump Drives, and Flash Memory Media

Cloud Storage

Living Images: Authorship, Access, and The World's Largest Picture Book

Chapter 4: Exposure: Capturing the Light

Exposure Basics

Exposure: Finding the Balance

Smartphone Cameras: Controlling Exposure

Reciprocity Law

Camera Light Meters

How a Light Meter Works

Using a Gray Card

Handheld Meters

Reflective and Incident Light

Averaging Incident and Reflect Exposures

Camera Metering Settings

Matrix Metering/In-Camera Metering Methods

Scene Mode Exposures

Exposure Compensation

Manual Mode

Camera Metering Techniques

Metering for the Subject

Exposing for Tonal Variations

Using the Camera Display and Histograms

Using a Histogram to Evaluate Exposure

Light Metering Techniques: Responding to the Light

Average Daylight

Brilliant Sunlight

Diffused Light

Dim Light

Unusual Lighting Situations

Subject in Shadow

Subject in Bright Light

Zoom Exposure

Long Exposures and Digital Noise

How a Meter Gets Deceived

Brightness Range

Exposing to the Right/Retaining Highlight Detail

Exposure Bracketing

High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging

Electronic Flash and Basic Fill Flash

Red Eye

Exposing for the Colors of Light

Our Sun: A Continuous White Light Spectrum

Color Temperature and the Kelvin Scale

The Color of Light

LED Lighting

Fluorescent and Other Gas-Filled Lights.

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps/Mercury and Sodium Vapor Sources

White Balance: Getting the Colors Right

Why a Color May Not Reproduce Correctly

Lens Filters

How Filters Work

Filter Factor

Ultraviolet, Skylight, and Haze Filters

Polarized Light and Filters

How a Polarizing Filter Works

Using a Polarizer

Linear and Circular Polarizers

Neutral Density Filters

Special Effects Filters

Homemade Colored and Diffusion Filters

Digital Filters

Chapter 5: Interpreting Light

Natural Light

The Thingness of Light

Good Light

Light and the Camera

The Time of Day/Types of Light

The Cycle of Light and Its Basic Characteristics

Before Sunrise

Morning

The Golden Hour

Midday

Afternoon

Sunset

Twilight/Evening

Night

Moonlight

The Seasons

The Weather and Atmospheric Conditions

Fog and Mist

Rain

Snow

Snow Effects

Dust

Fire and Heat

Beach and Desert

Artificial Light

Add a Light

The Size of the Main or Key Light

The Placement of the Light

Contrast/Brightness Range

Basic Lighting Methods

Front Light

Side Light

High Side Light

Low Side Light

Top Light

Back Light

Under Light

Lighting Accessories and Modifiers

Barn Doors

Diffuser

Gaffer Tape

Gels

Grid

Reflector Card

Umbrella

Seamless Paper Backdrops

Snoot

Studio Strobes

Chapter 6: Observation: Eyes Wide Open

How We See

Literacy

Learning to Look

The Difference between Artistic and Scientific Methods

Visual Literacy and Decision Making

Why We Make and Respond to Specific Images

Victor Lowenfeld's Research

Visual-Realists as Imagemakers

Visual-Realist Photographic Working Methods

Haptic-Expressionist Imagemakers

Haptic-Expressionist Photographic Working: Methods

The Effects of Digital Imaging.

Photography's Effect on the Arts

Pushing Your Boundaries

Aesthetic Keys for Color and Composition

The Color Key

The Composition Key

Recognizing the Keys

Figure-Ground Relationships

The Importance of Figure-Ground Relationships

Chapter 7: Time, Space, Imagination, and the Camera

In Search of Time

The Perception of Time

Controlling Camera Time

Exploring Shutter Speeds: The Decisive Moment

Extending the Action/Deconstructing the Decisive Moment

Stopping the Action

Smartphone Cameras: Controlling Shutter Speeds

Stopping Action with Electronic Flash

Blur and Out-of-Focus Images

Motion Blur Filters

Lensbaby: Bokeh/Selective Focus

Pan Capture

Equipment Movement

Free-Form Camera Movement

Flash and Slow Shutter Speed

Extended Time Exposures

Drawing with Light

Projection

Multiple Images

Sandwiching/Overlapping Transparencies

Rephotography

Post Documentary Approach

Post-Camera Visualization

Sequences

Using a Grid

Many Make One

Contact Sheet Sequence

Joiners

Slices of Time

Photomontage and Compound Images

Photographic Collage

Three-Dimensional Images: Physical and Virtual

Image-Based Installations

Public Art

Social Media and Post-Internet Practices

Recomposing Reality

Animation

Chapter 8: Digital Studio: The Virtual and the Material Worlds

Resolve to be Better

Megapixels and Cameras

Megabytes and Data Storage

Camera Files: JPEG vs RAW

JPEG Files

RAW Format Files

Pixels Per Inch and Resolution

Dots Per Inch and Printing

Color and the Computer

Comparing 8-bit and 16-bit Modes

Organizing Colors: RGB, HSB/HSL, LAB, AND CMYK

How Computers Represent and Encode Colors

Color and Screens/Displays

Lighting in the Work Space

What Color is That Number?

Working Space.

Monitor Profiles: What You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG).

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Hirsch, Robert Light and Lens

ISBN:

1-00-317459-0

1-003-17459-0

1-000-59690-7

9781003174592

OCLC:

1293450848