The continuity of pre-Islamic motifs in Javanese mosque ornamentation, Indonesia.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lee-Niinioja, Hee Sook.

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (297 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Archaeopress, 2022.

Summary:

This book assesses the continuity and significance of Hindu-Buddhist design motifs in Islamic mosques in Java. The volume investigates four pre-Islamic motifs in Javanese mosque ornamentation from the 15th century to the present day: prehistoric tumpals, Hindu-Buddhist kala-makaras, lotus buds, and scrolls.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright page

Contents Page

List of Figures

Chapter 1.

Figure 1.1. The historical development of arabesque

Figure 1.2. Arabesque of the Umayyad dynasty

Figure 1.3. Geometrical patterns

Figure 1.4. Foliated calligraphy, Alhambra Palace, Granada, Spain, 14C

Chapter 2.

Figure 2.1. Agung Demak (1479), Agung Mataram (1568-1601) in the transitory

Figure 2.2. Hidayatullah (1750), Al Wustho Mangkunegara (1878-1918) during the Dutch colonization

Figure 2.3. Al Azhar (1953-1958), Al Akbar Surabaya (1995-2000) in the contemporary period

Figure 2.4. The basic type of line in tumpals

Figure 2.5. The basic type of shape in kala-makaras

Figure 2.6. The basic type of form in lotus buds

Figure 2.7. The basic type of rhythm in scrolls

Figure 2.8. Scaled value in tumpals

Chapter 3.

Figure 3.1. Java, Indonesia

Figure 3.2. Borobodur Temple, Central Java, 8C (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.3. Panataran temple, East Java, 1197-1454 (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.4. Two cultures: Central and East Java (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.5. Prehistoric tumpal (Kempers 1959)

Figure 3.6. Tumpals in Javanese temples (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.7. Kalas and makaras in Javanese temples (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.8. Bodhisattva lotus-in-hand (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.9. Various types of undulating scrolls in Javanese temples (Bosch 1960)

Figure 3.10. Scrolls in Central and East Java (Image: the Author)

Figure 3.11. Vine scrolls from antiquity to Islamic Umayyad palace, Greco-Buddhist Gandhara India, and Hindu-Buddhist Java, Indonesia

Figure 3.12. The spread of Islam from the 13th to 16th centuries in Indonesia (Fox 1998, Revised drawing: the Author)

Figure 3.13. Mihrabs of 40 mosques in Java in alphabetical order (Drawing: the Author).

Figure 3.14. Arabesque in Javanese mosques (Drawing: the Author)

Figure 3.15. Geometry in Javanese mosques (Drawing: the Author)

Figure 3.16. Calligraphy in Javanese mosques (Drawing: the Author)

Figure 3.17. Chinese cloud-like flame (Drawing: the Author)

Figure 3.18. European flower (Drawing: the Author)

Chapter 4.

Figure 4.1. Examples of motifs in Javanese mosques shown to the interviewees

Figure 4.2. Examination of HBS, OIA, and CHI

Figure 4.3. 30 Motifs for Examination

Chapter 5.

Figure 5.0. The 48 tumpals

Figure 5.1. Continuity of tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods (Drawing: Pepin Press 1998

Image: the Author)

Figure 5.2. Scaled value in tumpals

Figure 5.3. Straight/curved. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.4. Vertical/horizontal/diagonal of straight lines. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.5. Circular/spiral/undulating of curved lines. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.6. Broken/unbroken. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.7. Natural/geometric. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.8. Inner/outline. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.9. Short/long. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.10. Simple/complicated. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 5.11. Narrow/wide

Figure 5.12. Subordinate

Chapter 6.

Figure 6.0. The 45 kala-makaras

Figure 6.1. Emersion of kala-makaras in mosques (Vogler 1949)

Figure 6.2. Continuity of pre-Islamic kala-makaras in Javanese mosque ornamentation (Image: the Author)

Figure 6.3. Scaled value in kala-makaras

Figure 6.4. Natural/geometric. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.5. Circular/oval/triangular/square/rectangular of geometric shapes. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.6. Dynamic/static. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.7. Single/assorted. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.8. Illustrating/abstract. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.9. Smooth/complicated. Number(N). Mode(M).

Figure 6.10. Small /big. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 6.11. Original/coloured

Figure 6.12. Separate/united

Chapter 7.

Figure 7.0. 50 lotus buds

Figure 7.1. Continuity of pre-Islamic lotus buds in Javanese mosque ornamentation (Image: the Author)

Figure 7.2. Scaled value in lotus buds

Figure 7.3. Primary/non-primary. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.4. Cubic/conic/spherical/cylindrical/pyramidal of primary forms. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.5. Voluminous/slender. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.6. Open/closed. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.7. Realistic/stylized. Number(N). Mode(M)

re 7.8. Dynamic/static. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.9. 2-3 dimensional/3-dimensional. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 7.10. Light/dark

Figure 7.11. Small/big

Chapter 8.

Figure 8.0. 50 scrolls

Figure 8.1. Continuity of pre-Islamic scrolls in Javanese mosque ornamentation (Image: the Author)

Figure 8.2. Scaled value in scrolls

Figure 8.3. Regular/irregular. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.4. Vertical/horizontal/diagonal rhythms. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.5. Repetitive/non-repetitive. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.6. Harmonious/disharmonious. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.7. Single/multiple. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.8. Strong/weak. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.9. Continuous/discontinuous. Number(N). Mode(M)

Figure 8.10. Smooth/rough

Figure 8.11. Progressive/Non-progressive

Chapter 9.

Figure 9.1. Scaled values in tumpals

Figure 9.2. The four sacred motifs on secular objects (Image: the Author)

List of Tables

Table 1.2.3.1. A term 'rarely terminate' (o+) is intrepreted as 'infinite', and that of 'little remains of the vine' (o++) as 'abstract'.

Table 1.1. Development of the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 2.1. Development of the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods.

Table 2.2. Four motifs, four indicators, and five variables

Table 5.0. Development of the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.1. Background to the 48 tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.2. Number of straight/curved lines in the 48 tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.2a. Modes and total numbers+: straight/curved lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.3. Number of vertical/horizontal/diagonal of straight lines in the 48 tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.3a. Modes and total numbers+: vertical, horizontal, and diagonal of straight lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.4. Number of circular/spiral/undulating of curved lines in the 48 tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.4a. Modes and total numbers+: circular, spiral, and undulating of curved lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.5. Number of five further characteristics of line in the 48 tumpals between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 5.5a. Modes and total numbers+: broken/unbroken lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.5b. Total numbers of natural/geometrical lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.5c. Modes and total numbers+: inner/outline lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.5d. Modes and total numbers+: short/long lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 5.5e. Modes and total numbers+: simple and complicated lines in the 48 tumpals

Table 6.0. Development of the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods.

Table 6.1. Background to the 45 kala-makaras between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 6.2. Number of natural/geometric shapes in the 45 kala-makaras between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 6.2a. Modes and total numbers+: natural and geometric shapes in the 45 kala-makaras.

Table 6.3. Number of circular/oval/triangular/square/rectangular of geometric shapes in the 34 kala-makaras within the Islamic period

Table 6.3a. Modes and total numbers+: circular/oval/triangular/square/rectangular of geometric shapes in the 34 kala-makaras

Table 6.4. Number of five further characteristics of shape in the 45 kala-makaras between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 6.4a. Modes and total numbers+: dynamic/static shapes in the 45 kala-makaras

Table 6.4b. Modes and total numbers+: single/assorted shapes in the 45 kala-makaras

Table 6.4c. Modes and total numbers+: illustrating/abstract shapes in the 45 kala-makaras

Table 6.4d. Modes and total numbers+: smooth/complicated shapes in the 45 kala-makaras

Table 6.4e. Modes and total numbers+: small/big shapes in the 45 kala-makaras

Table 7.0. Development of the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods.

Table 7.1. Background to the 50 lotus buds between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 7.2. Number of primary/non-primary forms in the 50 lotus buds between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 7.2a. Modes and total numbers+: primary and non-primary forms in the 50 lotus buds

Table 7.3. Number of cubic/conic/spherical/cylindrical/pyramidal of primary forms in the 50 lotus buds between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 7.3a. Modes and total numbers+: cubic/conic/spherical/cylindrical/pyramidal forms in the 50 lotus buds

Table 7.4. Number of five further characteristics of form in the 50 lotus buds between the pre-Islamic and Islamic periods

Table 7.4a. Modes and total numbers+: voluminous/slender forms in the 50 lotus buds

Table 7.4b. Modes and total numbers+: open/closed forms in the 50 lotus buds

Table 7.4c. Modes and total numbers+: realistic/stylized forms in the 50 lotus buds.

Table 7.4d. Modes and total numbers+: dynamic/static forms in the 50 lotus buds.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Lee-Niinioja, Hee Sook The Continuity of Pre-Islamic Motifs in Javanese Mosque Ornamentation, Indonesia

ISBN:

9781803270494

OCLC:

1298387649