Phytonutrients in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer / edited by Haroon Khan.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Khan, Haroon, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Gastrointestinal system--Cancer--Treatment.

Gastrointestinal system.

Phytonutrients.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (309 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Singapore : Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd., 2023.

Summary:

Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer-related deaths in the world. Recent research demonstrates that phytochemicals are critical in preventing and managing gastrointestinal cancer. The increased intake of phytochemicals could reduce the risk of cancer by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and autophagy, and suppressing angiogenesis as well as cancer cell metastasis. These mechanisms are also known to counter Helicobacter pylori infection and modulate gut microbiota. There is preliminary data suggesting that daily supplementation with high doses of certain vitamins combined with conventional therapeutic agents may enhance their growth inhibitory effects on tumor cells and protect normal tissues against some of their toxic effects. This book attempts to fill gaps on the role of phytonutrients in the treatment of cancer in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). It discusses the action of individual vitamins on cellular and molecular parameters and describes how vitamins inhibit protein kinase C activity, increase the production of certain growth factors, and modulate the expression of a number of oncogenes. The book is divided into 2 parts. The first part summarizes the pathophysiology of GIT cancers and introduces readers to anticancer phytonutrients. A chapter on the status of FDA approved nutraceuticals rounds up this section. The second part of the book provides a systematic review on the different plant derived chemicals that can be used to treat GIT cancer. Each chapter in this section focuses on a specific type of phytochemical agent and its molecular mechanisms relevant to the disease. This book will give the reader a holistic view of gastrointestinal cancer treatment and the value of natural compounds in developing functional food and drugs for preventive medicine.

Contents:

Cover

Title

Copyright

End User License Agreement

Contents

Foreword

Preface

List of Contributors

Pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers and Therapeutic Status

Fatemeh Abbaszadeh1,2,#, Sajad Fakhri3,*, #, Sana Piri3 and Haroon Khan4,*

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF GIT CANCERS

3. CLASSIFICATIONS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT (GIT) CANCERS

3.1. Gastric Cancer (GC)

3.2. Esophageal Cancer (EC)

3.3. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

3.4. Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)

3.5. Gallbladder Cancer (GBC)

3.6. Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

4. MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER

4.1. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway (EGFR)

4.2. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway (VEGF)

4.3. Wnt/β-catenin Pathway

4.4. Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor (IGFR) Pathway

5. MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPIES IN GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER

5.1. Targeting EGFR

5.2. Targeting VEGF and VEGFR

5.3. Targeting wnt/β-catenin

5.4. Targeting IGR-IR

5.5. Targeting other Signaling Mediators

CONCLUSION

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Phytonutrients as a Therapeutic Modality: An Overview

Marwa A.A. Fayed1, Muhammad Ajmal Shah2,*, Shahid Shah3, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah4, Azhar Rasul5 and Shabnoor Iqbal5

2. HEALTH BENEFITS OF PHYTONUTRIENTS

3. SOURCES OF PHYTONUTRIENTS

3.1. Phenolics

3.2. Phenolic Acids

3.3. Stilbenes

3.4. Flavonoids

3.5. Terpenoids

3.6. Carotenoids

3.7. Glucosinolates

3.8. Polyacetylenes

3.9. Phytosterols

3.10. Indigestible Carbohydrates

4. PHYTONUTRIENTS-ANTIOXIDANT MECHANISM

5. NATURAL PHYTOCHEMICALS USED IN CANCER THERAPY

5.1. Phytonutrients and Cancer

5.2. Mechanism of Anti-Cancer Phytonutrients.

5.2.1. Anticancer Phytonutrients can be Classified According to their Mechanism of Action

5.3. Some Phytoconstituents and their Role in Treating Cancer

5.3.1. Indole-3-Carbinol

5.3.2. Curcumin

5.3.3. Epigallo-Catechin Gallate

5.3.4. Crocin

5.3.5. Resveratrol

5.3.6. Lycopene

5.3.7. Sulforaphane

5.3.8. Procyanidins

5.3.9. Thymoquinone and Dithymoquinone

FDA Approval for Phytochemicals in the Treatment of Cancer

Waseem Raza1,3, Jyoti Singh1,3, Yusuf Hussain1,2, Suaib Luqman1,2 and Abha Meena1,2,*

1.1. What is FDA

1.2. FDA Principles and Procedures for New Drug Approval

1.3. Clinical Phase Trials

1.4. Cancer

2. FDA APPROVED PHYTOCHEMICALS

3. PHYTOCHEMICALS IN CLINICAL TRIALS

3.1. Berberine

3.2. Curcumin

3.3. Epigallocatechin (EGCG)

3.4. Isoflavone

3.5. Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide)

3.6. Ginseng

3.7. Gossypol

3.8. Isoquercetin

3.9. Cannabinoids

3.10. Eugenol

3.11. Camphor

3.12. Silymarin

3.13. Genistein

3.14. Caffeine

3.15. Sinecathechins

4. LIMITATIONS OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN FDA APPROVAL

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

FUNDING

Flavonoids in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Waqas Alam1, Haroon Khan1,*, Michael Ascher2 and Imad Ahmad1, 3

2. FLAVONOIDS

3. FLAVONOIDS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GI CANCER

4. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS / TARGETING SIGNALING PATHWAYS

5. TOXICITY/SAFETY PROFILE OF FLAVONOIDS IN GI CANCER

6. CLINICAL STANDING OF FLAVONOIDS IN GI CANCER

7. SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF FLAVONOIDS AND ANTI-CANCER AGENTS

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Glycosides in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Waqas Alam1, Imad Ahmad1,2, Michael Aschner3 and Haroon Khan1,*

2. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT CANCER

3. GLYCOSIDES

4. GLYCOSIDES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF GI CANCER

5. MOLECULAR MECHANISM/TARGETING SIGNALING PATHWAYS

6. SAFETY / TOXICITY PROFILE

7. CLINICAL STATUS OF GLYCOSIDES IN GI CANCER

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Terpenoıds in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Esra Küpeli Akkol1,* and Irem Tatlı Çankaya2,*

2. POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES OF PHYTONUTRIENTS IN CANCER

3. CHEMISTRY OF TERPENOIDS

3.1. Biosynthesis of Terpenoids

3.2. Molecular Mechanisms in Cancer Therapy

3.3. Preclinical and Clinical Studies

3.3.1. Monoterpenoids

3.3.2. Sesquiterpenoids

3.3.3. Diterpenoids

3.3.4. Triterpenoids

3.3.5. Tetraterpenoids

3.4. Pharmacokinetic Studies

3.5. Clinical Studies on Terpenoids

Saponins in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Zunera Chauhdary1, Muhammad Ajmal Shah2,*, Malik Hassan Mehmood1, Uzma Saleem1, Azhar Rasul3, Ghulam Mujtaba Shah4, Ajmal Khan5, Ahmed Al-Harrasi5, Shabnoor Iqbal3 and Shabana Bibi6,7

2. CHEMISTRY

3. ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SAPONINS AGAINST GIT CANCERS

4. MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF SAPONINS'S ANTITUMOR POTENTIAL

5. SAPONINS ANTITUMOR POTENTIAL IN IN VIVO STUDIES

6. SAPONIN COMPOUNDS WITH ANTICANCER POTENTIAL

6.1. In vitro Experiments

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

Alkaloids in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer

Ammara Riaz1, Azhar Rasul1,*, Rabia Batool1, Lubna Kanwal2, Ghulam Hussain3, Iqra Sarfraz1, Muhammad Ajmal Shah4, Faiza Rao5, Ilknur Ucak6, Sevki Adem7 and Marwa A.A. Fayed8

2. TYPES AND PATHOGENESIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT CANCERS

2.1. Gastric Cancer (GC)

2.2. Colorectal Cancer (CRC)

2.3. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)

2.4. Granular Cell Tumors (GCT)

2.5. Pancreatic Cancers

3. DISCOVERY OF ALKALOIDS AS ANTI-CANCER COMPOUNDS

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS

5. BIOLOGICAL SOURCES OF ALKALOIDS FOR ANTI-GIT CANCER

6. ANTI-GIT CANCER POTENTIAL OF ALKALOIDS

6.1. Cell Cycle Arrest

6.2. Apoptosis

6.3. Role of Alkaloids in the Modulation of Cell Signaling Pathways

6.3.1. Alkaloids and p53

6.3.2. Alkaloids and MAPK Signaling

6.3.3. Alkaloids and PI3K/Akt Pathway

6.3.4. Alkaloids and PIM3

6.3.5. Alkaloids and ROS

7. IN VIVO EXPERIMENTS

8. SOME CONTROVERSIES

9. BIOAVAILABILITY

10. SYNERGISTIC STUDIES

Plant Essential Oils in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancers

Shahid Rasool1,*, Muhammad Ibrahim1, Mulazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ajmal Shah2 and Adnan Amin3

2. PATHOGENESIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL CANCERS

2.1. Gastric Cancer

2.2. Liver Cancer (Hepatocellular Carcinoma)

2.3. Colorectal Cancer

2.4. Stomach Cancer

2.5. Esophageal Cancer

2.6. Gallbladder Cancer

2.7. Biliary Tract Cancer

2.8. Neuroendocrine Tumors

2.9. Small Bowel Cancer

2.10. Anal Cancer

2.11. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

3. ESSENTIAL OILS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GI CANCERS

3.1. Anti-cancer Mechanism of Volatile Oils.

3.1.1. Cell Cycle Inhibition

3.1.2. Anti-oxidant

3.1.3. Induction of Apoptosis

3.1.4. Overexpression and Regulation of Enzymes

3.1.5. Inhibition of Growth Factor

3.1.6. Anti-angiogenesis

3.1.7. Anti-mutagenic Proprieties and Detoxification Enhancement

3.1.8. MAPK/ERK Pathway

3.2. Essential Oils for GI Cancers

3.2.1. Limonene

3.2.2. Geraniol

3.2.3. Thymol and Carvacrol

3.2.4. Thymoquinone

3.2.5. Farnesol

3.2.6. α-Humulene

3.2.7. Nerolidol

3.2.8. Cineol

4. FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Phytosterols in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers

EsraKüpeli Akkol1,* and OzlemBahadır Acıkara2,*

2. GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT SYSTEM CANCERS

2.1. Esophageal Cancer

2.2. Stomach Cancer

2.3. Liver Cancer

2.4. Pancreatic Cancer

2.5. Colorectal Cancers

3. CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE AND TREATMENT OF CANCER

4. OCCURRENCE AND IMPORTANCE OF PHYTOSTEROLS

5. CHEMISTRY OF PHYTOSTEROLS

6. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT STEROLS AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES

7. PHYTOSTEROLS IN CANCER GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER

8. MECHANISMS IN CANCER THERAPY WITH PHYTOSTEROLS

8.1. β-Sitosterol

8.2. Stigmasterol

8.3. Campesterol

9. SAFETY AND TOXICITY OF PHYTOSTEROLS

Plant Peptides in the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Cancer

Shabnoor Iqbal1, Muhammad Ajmal Shah2,*, Azhar Rasul1, Ajmal Khan3, Ahmed Al-Harrasi3, Shahid Rasool4 and Muhammad Naeem Amir5

2. PEPTIDES RELATED TO CANCER TREATMENT

2.1. Plant Peptides

2.2. Defensins

2.3. Thionins

2.4. Cyclotides.

2.5. Amino Acid and Derivatives of Peptide Exert Anticancer Characteristic.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

9789815049633

OCLC:

1382693463