Ultrasonography of the Bovine Musculoskeletal System : Indications, Examination protocols, Findings.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kofler, Prof. Dr. med. vet. Johann.

Contributor:

Kofler, Johann, Editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Musculoskeletal system--Imaging.

Musculoskeletal system.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (276 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hannover : Schlütersche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2021.

Language Note:

In English.

Summary:

Long description: The ultrasound examination of the bovine musculoskeletal system is established as a routine examination in veterinary clinics worldwide. Practical veterinarians use their existing ultrasound equipment not only for gynaecological but increasingly also for orthopaedic examinations of calves and adult cattle. This book provides specific instructions for the ultrasonographic examination of individual joints and describes particular anatomical landmarks of each region as a guide. In over 300 illustrations, international specialists present normal sonoanatomical findings and sonopathological findings of common diseases. A must have for modern cattle practitioners who want to broaden their diagnostic horizon! Ultraschall neu interpretiert Die Ultraschalluntersuchung am Bewegungsapparat des Rindes ist an veterinärmedizinischen Kliniken weltweit als Routine-Untersuchung etabliert. Insbesondere in der Milchviehhaltung führen Lahmheiten bei Kühen schnell zu finanziellen Verlusten. Praktisch tätige Tierärzte können ihre vorhandenen Ultraschallgeräte problemlos nicht nur für gynäkologische, sondern auch für orthopädische Untersuchungen adulter Rinder und Kälber nutzen. Dieses Praxisbuch gibt konkrete Anleitungen für die korrekte sonografische Untersuchung einzelner Gelenke. Als Orientierungshilfe für die Erstuntersuchung dient eine Beschreibung der jeweiligen anatomischen Leitstrukturen jeder Region. International tätige Spezialisten stellen in über 300 Abbildungen sonoanatomische Normalbefunde und sonopathologische Befunde häufiger Erkrankungen gegenüber. Ein Muss für moderne Rinderpraktiker, die ihren diagnostischen Horizont erweitern möchten!

Biographical note: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. vet. Johann Kofler, Dip. ECBHM studied Veterinary Medicine in Vienna and Bologna, and did his doctoral thesis and habilitation at the Clinic of Orthopaedics in Large Animals of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna; he is working as an orthopaedic surgeon and teacher of veterinary students at the University Clinic for Ruminants in Vienna since 1986, he published about 160 articles and several book contributions. Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. vet. Johann Kofler, Dip. ECBHM, Studium der Veterinärmedizin in Wien und Bologna, Dissertation an der Klinik für Orthopädie der Großtiere der Veterinärmedizinischen Universität Wien, ist seit 1986 an der Universitätsklinik für Wiederkäuer in Wien tätig, Habilitation zum Thema „Ultraschalldiagnostik am Bewegungsapparat des Rindes", er veröffentlichte ca. 160 Artikel in veterinärmedizinischen Fachzeitschriften und mehrere Buchbeiträge.

Contents:

Front Cover

Copyright

Table of Contents

Body

Authors

Preface

1 Principles of ultrasonographic imaging of the bovine musculoskeletal system

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Physics and acoustic principles

1.2.1 Specular reflection

1.2.2 Diffuse reflection (scattering)

1.2.3 Attenuation

1.2.4 Axial, lateral and elevational resolution

1.3 Artifacts

1.3.1 Artifacts associated with resolution problems

1.3.2 Refraction or double image artifacts

1.3.3 Reverberation artifact

1.3.4 Comet-tail and ring-down artifacts

1.3.5 Distal acoustic enhancement

1.3.6 Distal acoustic shadowing artifact

1.3.7 Edge shadowing artifact

1.3.8 Fan or other electrical induced artifacts

1.4 Probes and frequencies

1.5 Preparation of the patient and the region of interest

1.6 Orientation and use of a ­standardized ultrasonographic examination protocol

1.7 Description of findings and ­documentation

2 Ultrasonography of arthritis, ­tenosynovitis, bursitis, abscesses, ­hematomas - general findings

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Ultrasonographic examination technique for exudate-filled ­cavities

2.3 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of joints, tendon sheaths and bursae

2.4 General ­ultrasonographic ­findings in arthritis, ­tenosynovitis, bursitis, ­abscesses and hematomas

2.4.1 Arthritis, tenosynovitis and bursitis

2.4.2 Abscesses and hematomas

2.5 Conclusions

3 Ultrasonographic examination of the distal and proximal interphalangeal joint regions

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

3.3 Anatomy

3.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

3.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

3.6 Sonopathological findings.

3.6.1 Arthritis of the DIJ

3.6.2 Arthritis of the PIJ

3.6.3 Osteitis and osteomyelitis

4 Ultrasonographic examination of the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joint regions

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

4.3 Anatomy

4.4 Ultrasonographic examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

4.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

4.6 Sonopathological findings

4.6.1 Arthritis

4.6.2 Osteitis and osteomyelitis

4.6.3 Edema, abscesses and thromboses

4.6.4 Collateral ligament tears, luxation/subluxation and adjoining physeal fracture

5 Ultrasonographic examination of the carpal region

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

5.3 Anatomy

5.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and ­anatomical ­landmarks

5.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

5.6 Sonopathological findings

5.6.1 Carpal arthritis

5.6.2 Osteitis and osteomyelitis

5.6.3 Precarpal bursitis (precarpal hygroma)

5.6.4 Tenosynovitis of the carpal extensor and flexor tendon sheaths

5.6.5 Edema and abscesses

6 Ultrasonographic examination of the elbow region

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

6.3 Anatomy

6.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

6.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

6.6 Sonopathological findings

6.6.1 Arthritis

6.6.2 Osteitis and osteomyelitis

6.6.3 Fractures, subluxations and osteoarthrosis

7 Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder region

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

7.3 Anatomy.

7.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

7.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

7.5.1 Scapula and humerus

7.5.2 Scapulohumeral joint, bicipital and infraspinous bursa

7.5.3 Tendons and muscles

7.6 Sonopathological findings

7.6.1 Arthritis

7.6.2 Bursitis

7.6.3 Osteomyelitis, osteitis, avulsion fractures and luxation

7.6.4 Periarticular abscess

8 Ultrasonographic examination of the tarsal region

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

8.3 Anatomy

8.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

8.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of anatomical ­structures

8.6 Sonopathological findings

8.6.1 Tarsal arthritis

8.6.2 Lateral tarsal hygroma/bursitis

8.6.3 Disorders of the calcaneal tuber region

9 Ultrasonographic examination of the stifle region

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Indications for ultrasonographic examination

9.3 Anatomy

9.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical ­landmarks

9.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

9.6 Sonopathological findings

9.6.1 Stifle arthritis

9.6.2 Osteitis, osteomyelitis and osteochondrosis

9.6.3 Stifle ligament and meniscal injuries

9.6.4 Stifle bursitis

9.6.5 Abscesses and seromas

10 Ultrasonographic examination of the coxofemoral joint and pelvic region

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Indications for ultra­sonographic examination

10.3 Anatomy

10.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

10.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearances of the anatomical structures

10.6 Sonopathological findings

10.6.1 Coxofemoral arthritis

10.6.2 Coxofemoral luxation

10.6.3 Fractures.

10.6.4 Degenerative joint disease

10.6.5 Muscle lesions, abscesses, hematomas, nerve injuries, thromboses and tumors

11 Ultrasonographic examination of ­flexor and extensor tendons, tendon sheaths and the suspensory ligament

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Indication for ultra­sonographic examination

11.3 Anatomy

11.4 Ultrasonographic examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

11.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

11.6 Sonopathological findings

11.6.1 Tear or rupture of tendons/­ligaments

11.6.2 Septic inflammation of tendon sheaths and tendons

12 Ultrasonographic examination of muscles

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Indication for ultra­sonographic examination

12.3 Anatomy

12.4 Ultrasonographic examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

12.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

12.6 Sonopathological findings

13 Ultrasonographic examination of limb vessels

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Indication for the ultra­sonographic examination

13.3 Anatomy

13.4 Ultrasonographic examination procedure

13.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of arteries and veins

13.6 Sonopathological findings

13.6.1 Thrombosis

13.6.2 Calcinosis

13.6.3 Varicosity

13.6.4 Pathological PW-Color Doppler flow characteristics

14 Ultrasonographic imaging of bone lesions

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Indication for ultrasonographic examination of the bone

14.3 Anatomy of bone

14.4 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of bone surfaces

14.5 Ultrasonographic findings on bone surfaces

14.5.1 Fractures and fissures

14.5.2 Subluxation and luxation

14.5.3 Osteitis and osteomyelitis

14.5.4 Bone sequestrum

14.5.5 Osteochondrosis and ­osteoarthrosis.

14.5.6 Bone-associated tumors

14.6 Conclusions

15 Ultrasonographic imaging and measurement of sole horn and ­digital fat cushion thicknesses

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Indication for ultra­sonographic examination

15.3 Anatomy

15.4 Ultrasonographic examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

15.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

15.6 Sonopathological findings

15.6.1 Thin soles

15.6.2 Changes in the digital cushion (sole's soft tissue) thickness

15.6.3 Alterations of the surface of the distal phalanx

15.6.4 Fractures of the pedal bone

16 Ultrasonographic measurement of backfat thickness

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Indications for ultrasono­graphic measurement of BFT

16.3 Anatomy

16.4 Ultrasonographic ­examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

16.5 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the anatomical structures

16.6 Reference values for different breeds

16.7 Correlation of BFT with BCS

17 Ultrasonographic imaging of large nerves and ultrasound-guided nerve blocks of the limbs

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Principles of ultrasound-­guided nerve block

17.2.1 Advantages of ultrasound guided nerve block

17.2.2 Needle insertion technique

17.3 Indications for ultrasound-­guided nerve blocks

17.3.1 Indications for forelimb ­anesthesia: brachial plexus block

17.3.2 Indication for hindlimb anesthesia: sciatic and femoral nerve block

17.4 Anatomy of the brachial ­plexus and the sciatic and ­femoral nerves

17.4.1 Brachial plexus

17.4.2 Sciatic nerve

17.4.3 Femoral nerve

17.5 Ultrasonographic examination procedure and anatomical landmarks

17.5.1 Brachial plexus

17.5.2 Sciatic nerve

17.5.3 Femoral nerve

17.6 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance.

17.6.1 Normal ultrasonographic ­appearance of the brachial plexus.

Notes:

PublicationDate: 20210326

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9783842689619

3842689616

OCLC:

1244624296