Investigations into the Dyeing Industry in Pompeii : Experimental Archaeology and Computer Simulation Techniques.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hopkins Pepper, Heather.

Series:

Archaeopress Roman Archaeology

Archaeopress Roman Archaeology ; v.86

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dyes and dyeing--Italy--Pompeii (Extinct city)--History.

Dyes and dyeing.

Pompeii (Extinct city)--Antiquities.

Pompeii (Extinct city).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (214 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Archaeopress, 2022.

Summary:

The scale of processing associated with the dyeing industry in Pompeii is a controversial subject. This investigation uses a new multi-disciplinary triangulated approach, providing an understanding of the significance of the industry that is grounded in engineering and archaeological principles, but within the context of Pompeii.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright page

Contents Page

_GoBack

Preface

Chapter Zero

Preface to the published thesis

Introduction

How and why the approach of this study differed

How location and time affected this study

Location

Study in the context of time and technological developments

Development of experimental archaeology

Overview of the study

Background to this study

New approaches within this study

Surveying the original apparatus in 2002

The survey in 2002: water supply

The survey in 2002: finding a 'Real Roman'

The survey in 2002: defining 'Recording', 'Conservation', 'Reconstruction'

Redefining 'experiment'

Finite Element Analysis

'Roman' vs 'Modern' manufacturing

Intangible questions

Expansion since the doctorate was awarded

Presentations and publications since this thesis was submitted

Publications

In Press

Conferences presentations

Seminars given

Acknowledgements to the published thesis

Timeline of previous work relevant to this study

Chapter One

Introduction to the dyeing industry of Pompeii

1.1 The significance of the scale of manufacture of textiles in Pompeii

1.1.1. Aims and Objectives

1.1.2. Nature of this investigation

1.2 Literature Review

1.2.1 Research background

1.2.2 Roman Dye vat design

1.2.3 The debate so far

I viii 19

Previous work: A Strengths and Weakness Analysis

Moeller

Jongman

Mann

Laurence

Summary

1.2.4 Quantifying archaeological writing

Related work

Watling, 2004

1.3 The significance of this study

1.3.1 To conclude

1.4 Thesis Outline:

Chapter Two

Literature Review

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Textile processing

2.3 Dye types

2.4 When to dye: Stage at which dyeing takes place

2.5 Roman textiles

2.6 Requirements for dyeing.

2.7 Consumables used in manufacture

2.7.1 Fleece

2.7.2 Mordants

2.7.3 Roman dyes

2.7.4 To summarise

2.8 Undyed textile

2.9 Process consumables

2.9.1. Water supply

2.9.2 Water content

2.9.3 Water quality

2.9.4 Reliability of ancient and modern sources on water

2.9.5 Fuel

2.10 Recipe directions

2.10.1The Recipe used in this study

Recipe for mordanting

Recipe for mordanting:

Recipe for dyeing with madder:

Times for recipe

2.11 Removing the water

2.12 Quantity of textile

2.12.1 Roman garments

2.12.2 Pictorial representation of Roman dress

2.12.3 Problems with depiction

2.13 Population

2.14 Intangible evidence

2.15 Summary

Chapter Three

Experimental Replica

3.1 Introduction

3.2 A differing approach

3.3 Experimental archaeology

3.4 Constructing the apparatus

3.5 Experiment One: Preliminary experimentation

3.6 Experiment Two

3.6.1 Hypothesis

3.6.2 Apparatus

3.6.3 Diagram

3.6.4 Method

3.6.5 Results

3.6.6 Discussion

3.6.7 Conclusions from practical experiment

3.6.8 Summary

3.7 Discussion

3.7.1 Reconstruction

3.7.2 The use of wood or charcoal

3.7.3 Relative energy of wood and charcoal

3.8 Further work

Chapter Four

Review of Remains in situ

4.1 Fieldwork in Pompeii

4.2 Gazetteer of the dye vats discovered in Pompeii to date

4.2.1 Defining the dye vats

Attributes of a dye vat following the operation of a replica:

4.2.2 Extent of excavation in Pompeii.

4.3 The Survey and Gazetteer

4.3.1 Summary of dye vats

Property I viii 19

Properties V I 4 and V I 5

Property VII xiv 17

Property VII ii 11

Property IX iii 2

4.3.2 The discounted 'dye vat'

4.3.3 Flued vats

4.3.4 Vats and steps

4.4 Water supply to dye works.

4.5 Discrepancy between the digital map and the aerial photograph of Pompeii

4.6 Bowing

4.7 Recent excavation

4.8 Further work

Full Gazetteer of Dyeing Apparatus in Pompeii

Chapter Five

Application of Ergonomics to Apparatus and Skeletal data

5.1 Ergonomics of a dyeing apparatus

5.2 The height of the average Roman

5.3 Ergonomics

5.4 Skeletal evidence from Herculaneum

5.5 Build

5.6 Criticism of data

5.7 Difference of approach

5.8 Studying Pompeii and Herculaneum

5.9 Understanding modern ergonomics

5.10 Lifting

5.11 Working day

5.12 Nutrition

5.13 Necessary steps

Property Vi4

Property Vi5

5.14 Summary

5.15 Further work

Chapter Six

Flued Experimental replica

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Flued vats

6.3 Vat size discrepancies in the replicas

6.4 Experiment Three

6.4.1 Hypothesis

6.4.2 Diagram

6.4.3 Apparatus

6.4.4 Method

6.4.5 Results

6.4.6 Discussion

6.4.7 Conclusion to Experiment Three

6.5 Stress on the vats

6.6 Summary

Chapter Seven

The Finite Element model

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Replicating the material behaviour of the apparatus

7.3 Creep

7.4 Changes over time

7.5 A virtual replica

7.5.1 Modelling the dye vat

7.5.2 Finite element analysis

7.5.3 Modelling creep

7.6 Requirements for the model

7.6.1 Experiment Four

7.6.1.1 Hypothesis

7.6.1.2 Apparatus

7.6.1.3 Diagram

7.6.1.4 Method

7.6.1.5 Results

7.6.1.6 Discussion of Experiment Four

7.6.1.7 Conclusion to Experiment Four

7.6.2 Average temperature profile

7.7 Constructing the finite element model

7.7.1 Modelling the apparatus in the computer

7.7.2 Geometric model

7.7.3 Material properties

7.7.4 Loading

7.7.4.1 Self-weight.

7.7.4.2 Hydrostatic loading

7.7.4.3 Static load

7.7.5 Introduction of temperature

7.8 Results

7.9 The constructed dyeing apparatus

7.10 Summary

Chapter Eight

Discussion

8.1 Introduction

8.2 This work in context

8.2.1. Experimental archaeology

8.2.2 Definition of experiment

8.3 Review of standing remains

8.4 Ergonomics

8.5 Summary of each section of work

8.5.1 Original work, the foundation of study

8.5.2 Preliminary work

8.6 Assumptions applied to the industry

8.7 The new findings from this study

8.7.1 Significance of lead

8.7.2 Comparison of modern manufacturing systems to Roman dyeing

8.7.2.1 Inputs and outputs

8.7.2.2 Buffers

8.7.2.3 Storage

8.7.2.4 Information Process Cycle

8.8 Conclusions

8.9 Further work

Glossary

References

Appendices

Appendix One

Coding Pompeii: The layout of the city and address description

Location of dye works in Pompeii

Location of properties

Properties Vi4 and Vi5

Appendix Two

Understanding the economic influence of the dyeing industry in Pompeii through the application of experimental archaeology and thermodynamics

Abstract

Dye vat design

Methodology

Implementation of Engineering Theory

Results

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix Three

Appendix Four: Assembling lead data for model

Appendix Five: Abaqus input decks

Input deck for the lead column at 20oC, used to gain the data for the input deck for lead kettle.

Input deck for the lead column at 40oC, used to gain the data for the input deck for lead kettle.

Input deck for the lead kettle

Online Content.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Hopkins Pepper, Heather Investigations into the Dyeing Industry in Pompeii

ISBN:

9781789697438

OCLC:

1306201724