Research in medical and biological sciences : from planning and preparation to grant application and publication / edited by Petter Laake, Haakon Benestad, Bjorn Olson.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Laake, Petter, editor.

Benestad, Haakon, editor.

Olson, Björn, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Medical sciences--Research.

Medical sciences.

Biology--Research.

Biology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (583 p.)

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Academic Press, 2015.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Research in Medical and Biological Sciences covers the wide range of topics that a researcher must be familiar with in order to become a successful biomedical scientist. Perfect for aspiring as well as practicing professionals in the medical and biological sciences, this publication discusses a broad range of topics that are common yet not traditionally considered part of formal curricula, including philosophy of science, ethics, statistics, and grant applications. The information presented in this book also facilitates communication across conventional disciplinary boundaries, in line with t

Contents:

Front Cover; Research in Medical and Biological Sciences; Copyright Page; Contents; List of Contributors; Preface; 1 Philosophy of Science; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Philosophy of the Natural Sciences; 1.3 What Is Science? Differentiating Science from Nonscience; 1.4 Knowledge and Truth: What is Knowledge and What Constitutes a Scientific Fact?; 1.5 The Glue That Holds the World Together: Causation; 1.5.1 Necessary Conditions; 1.5.2 Sufficient Conditions; 1.5.3 Combination of Conditions that Together are Necessary and Sufficient; 1.5.4 Combination of Conditions that Together are Sufficient

1.5.5 Probabilistic Causation1.5.6 Counterfactual Conditions; 1.6 Scientific Explanation; 1.7 Modes of Inference; 1.8 What Science Is About; 1.9 Scientific Rationality; 1.10 Hypothesis Testing; 1.10.1 Hypothetical-Deductive Method; 1.11 The Aim of Science: Reducing Uncertainty; 1.12 The Empirical Turn in the Philosophy of Science: Science in Society; 1.13 Philosophy of the Social Sciences; 1.14 Interpretation, Understanding, and Explanation; 1.14.1 Explanation and Understanding; 1.14.2 Interpretation; 1.15 The Hermeneutic Circle, Horizon of Understanding, and "Double Hermeneutics"

1.16 Power, Ideology, and Interests1.17 Validity; 1.18 Reductionism and Emergence; 1.19 Generalization; Questions to Discuss; Acknowledgments; References; Further Reading; 2 Ethics and Scientific Conduct; 2.1 Why the Current Focus on Scientific Misconduct?; 2.2 What Do We Know About Scientific Misconduct?; 2.3 What Is Wrong with Scientific Misconduct?; 2.3.1 Consequentialism; 2.3.2 Deontological Ethics; 2.3.3 Virtue Ethics; 2.4 Scientific Conduct and Misconduct; 2.4.1 Internal Norms; 2.4.2 Linkage Norms and External Norms

2.5 Scientific Misconduct That Affects the Truth Claims of Scientific Findings2.5.1 Wrong Observations and Wrong Analysis; 2.5.2 Plagiarism; 2.5.3 Fabrication; 2.6 Authorship; 2.6.1 Exclusion from Authorship; 2.6.2 Gift Authorship; 2.6.3 Authorship by Coercion; 2.6.4 Unsolicited Authorship; 2.6.5 Ghost Authorship; 2.6.6 Refusal to Accept Responsibility; 2.7 Salami, Imalas, and Duplicate Publication; 2.8 The Investigation, Prevention, and Punishment of Scientific Misconduct; Questions to Discuss; Appendix 1 ICMJE Recommendations on the Role of Authors and Contributors; Why Authorship Matters

Who Is an Author?Nonauthor Contributors; References; Further Reading; 3 Ethics in Human and Animal Studies; 3.1 Basic Principles of Human Biomedical Research Ethics; 3.2 International Regulation; 3.2.1 Consent; 3.2.2 Inability to Consent; 3.2.3 Randomized Controlled Trials; 3.2.4 Vulnerable Research Participants; 3.2.5 Epidemiological Research, "Big Data," and Biobank Research; 3.2.6 The Role of RECs; 3.2.7 Data Protection, Good Clinical Practice, and Other Regulations Influencing Biomedical Research Ethics; 3.3 The Ethics of Animal Research

3.3.1 Animal Research and Other Human Uses of Animals

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.