World Employment and Social Outlook : Trends 2021.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Office, International Labour.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Economics.

Employment (Economic theory).

Labor market.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (164 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Other Title:

World Employment and Social Outlook

Place of Publication:

Genève 22 : International Labour Organisation (ILO), 2021.

Summary:

This report provides an overview of global and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labour force participation and productivity, as well as dimensions of job quality such as employment status, informal employment and working poverty. It also examines income and social developments, and provides an indicator of social unrest.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

List of boxes

Box 1.1 Measuring the impact of a crisis using a no-pandemic scenario

Box 1.2 Scarring effects of crises on workers' labour market outcomes

Box 1.4 Scenarios for global labour market projections

Box 1.5 Labour productivity during the COVID‑19 crisis

Box 2.1 New momentum for extending social protection, not least to informal workers

Box 2.2 The COVID‑19 crisis and the future of global supply chains

Box 3.1 Platform-based services during the COVID‑19 crisis

Box 3.2 Occupational classifications and potential exposure to COVID‑19

Box 3.3 The wider implications of working from home

Box 3.4 The gender impact of closures of schools and childcare facilities during the COVID‑19 crisis

Box 3.5 Domestic workers and seafarers

List of figures

Figure ES. Pandemic-induced global shortfall in jobs, relative to 2019 (millions)

Figure 1.1 Working-hour shortfall relative to no-pandemic scenario, global and by country income group and region, 2020 and first and second quarters of 2021 (percentages)

Figure 1.2 Breakdown of global working-hour losses in 2020

Figure 1.3 Decomposition of employment losses in 2020 into changes in unemployment and inactivity, by sex and age group (percentages)

Figure 1.4. Year-on-year change in formal and informal employment, by status in employment, second quarter of 2020 (percentages)

Figure 1.5. Share of labour income lost owing to working‑hour losses in 2020 and the first half of 2021, global and by country income group (percentages)

Figure 1.6 Changes in post-support labour income, hours worked and employment, by urban versus rural location, selected countries (percentages)

Figure 1.7 Working-hour losses under three scenarios, 2020-22, global and by country income groups (percentages).

Figure 1.8 Ratio of total weekly hours worked to population a

Figure 1.9 Decomposition of working-hour losses, world, 2019-22 (percentages)

Figure 1.10 Average annual growth of gross domestic product per worker,2016-19 and 2019-22, global and by country income group (percentages)

Figure 2.1 Labour market overview for young people in North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, 2019 (percentages)

Figure 2.2 Decomposition of employment losses in North Africa in 2020 relative to the no-pandemic scenario, by demographic group (percentages)

Figure 2.3 Formal and informal employment across sub-Saharan Africa's subregions, 2016 (percentages)

Figure 2.4 Composition of employment losses in South Africa in the second quarter of 2020 relative to the fourth quarter of 2019, by informality status, sex and group of economic activity (percentages)

Figure 2.B1 Social protection response to the COVID‑19 crisis, global and by region (percentages)

Figure 2.5 Growth of real gross domestic product and employment in North America, 2005-21 (percentages)

Figure 2.6 Growth of real gross domestic product and employment in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2005-21 (percentages)

Figure 2.7 Unemployment rate by racial group in the United States, 2019-20 (percentages)

Figure 2.8 Labour market impact of the COVID‑19 crisis across racial groups in the United States, December 2020 (percentages)

Figure 2.9 Job losses in the second quarter of 2020 as a percentage of total employment in the fourth quarter of 2019, by formality status, selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (percentages)

Figure 2.10 Informal workers receiving government transfers following the COVID‑19 crisis, selected countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2020 (percentages).

Figure 2.11 Gender gaps in Arab States labour markets, by members and non-members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and by sex, 2019 (percentages)

Figure 2.12 Migrant remittance outflows from Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 2019

Figure 2.13 Migrant remittance inflows into non-member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 2020

Figure 2.14 Year-on-year change in migrant remittance inflows into non-member countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, 2019-20 (percentages)

Figure 2.15 Working-hour losses in Asia and the Pacific in 2020 relative to the pre-crisis baseline (full-time equivalent jobs)

Figure 2.16 Share of net job losses in 2020 relative to the no-pandemic scenario, by sector, Asia and the Pacific (percentages)

Figure 2.17 Total number of jobs supported by government measures in local economic units (jobs in short-term work or temporary lay-off schemes), selected countries in Europe and Central Asia, January-August 2020

Figure 2.18 Decomposition of working-hour losses into intensive and extensive margins of adjustment, regional and by subregion, Europe and Central Asia, 2020 (percentages)

Figure 2.19 Quarterly employment, labour force, and unemployment growth for EU-27 countries, first, second and third quarters of 2020 (percentages)

Figure 2.20 Employment level index (Q4 2019 = 100) by worker group, EU-27 countries, first, second and third quarters of 2020

Figure 2.21 Foreign direct investment and migrant remittance inflows into low- and middle-income countries in Europe and Central Asia, 2019-20 (percentage of GDP)

Figure 3.1 Impact channels of the COVID‑19 crisis

Figure 3.2 Impact of the COVID‑19 crisis on global employment in 2020 relative to the no-pandemic scenario and pre-crisis distribution of employment, by sector (percentages).

Figure 3.3 Degree of impact of the COVID‑19 crisis on the business operations of women- and men-led firms, 2020 (percentages)

Figure 3.4 Sufficiency of funding for business continuity, by size of enterprise, 2020 (percentages)

Figure 3.5 Operational status of enterprises during the COVID‑19 crisis, by size, 2020 (percentages)

Figure 3.6 Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on global employment in 2020 relative to the no-pandemic scenario and pre-crisis distribution of employment, by occupational group (percentages)

Figure 3.B2 Occupational exposure to COVID‑19 and average income in the Philippines

Figure 3.7 Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on global employment relative to the no-pandemic scenario in 2020 and pre-crisis distribution of employment, by occupational skill level (percentages)

Figure 3.8 Impact of the COVID‑19 crisis on global employment relative to the no-pandemic scenario in 2020, by sex and broad economic sector (percentages)

Figure 3.9 Female share of employment in 2019 and female share of net job losses relative to the no-pandemic scenario in 2020, by occupational group (percentages)

Figure 3.10 Male and female shares of employment in selected occupations (percentages)

Figure 3.11 Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on global employment relative to the no-pandemic scenario in 2020 and pre-crisis distribution of employment, by status in employment (percentages)

Figure 3.12 Average employment growth of employees and the self‑employed in selected middle-income countries, by sex, second and third quarters of 2020 (percentages)

Figure 3.B5 Share of domestic workers worldwide impacted in the early stages of the COVID‑19 crisis (percentages)

List of tables

Table 1.1 Labour market underutilization during the crisis, global and by country income group, 2019-20.

Table 1.2 Employment-to-population ratio, unemployment rate, labour force participation rate and potential labour force rate, global and by country income group, 2019-22 (percentages)

Table 2.1. Estimates and projections for working hours, employment, unemployment, labour force, informality and working poverty, regional and by subregion, Africa, 2019-22

Table 2.2 Estimates and projections for working hours, employment, unemployment, labour force, informality and working poverty, regional and by subregion, Americas, 2019-22

Table 2.3 Estimates and projections for working hours, employment, unemployment, labour force, informality and working poverty, regional and by country group, Arab States, 2019-22

Table 2.4 Estimates and projections for working hours, employment, unemployment, labour force, informality and working poverty, regional and by subregion, Asia and the Pacific, 2019-22

Table 2.5 Estimates and projections for working hours, employment, unemployment, labour force, informality and working poverty, regional and by subregion, Europe and Central Asia, 2019-22

Preface

Acknowledgements

Executive summary

1. Global employment trends

Overview

1.1 The global labour market at a glance

1.2 Trends in labour income

1.3 Outlook for the global labour market in the aftermath of COVID‑19

References for Chapter 1

2. Employment and social impacts of the COVID‑19 crisis at the regional level

2.1 Africa

2.1.1 North Africa

2.1.2 Sub-Saharan Africa

2.2 Americas

2.2.1 North America

2.2.2 Latin America and the Caribbean

2.3 Arab States

2.4 Asia and the Pacific

2.5 Europe and Central Asia

References for Chapter 2

3. Heterogeneous impact on enterprises and workers

3.1 Impact by sector of economic activity

3.2 Impacts on enterprises

3.3 Impacts on workers.

3.3.1 Occupation and skill levels.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9789220319598

9220319594

OCLC:

1321803985