Thermal physics : thermodynamics and statistical mechanics for scientists and engineers / Robert F. Sekerka

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sekerka, R. F. (Robert F.), author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Thermodynamics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (0 p.)

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier, 2015

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In "Thermal Physics: Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers, "the fundamental lawsof thermodynamics are stated precisely as postulates and subsequently connected to historical context and developed mathematically. These laws are applied systematically to topics such as phase equilibria, chemical reactions, external forces, fluid-fluid surfaces and interfaces, and anisotropic crystal-fluid interfaces. Statistical mechanics is presented in the context of information theory to quantify entropy, followed by development of the most important ensembles: microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical. A unified treatment of ideal classical, Fermi, and Bose gases is presented, including Bose condensation, degenerate Fermi gases, and classical gases with internal structure. Additional topics include paramagnetism, adsorption on dilute sites, point defects in crystals, thermal aspects of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, density matrix formalism, the Ising model, and an introduction to Monte Carlo simulation. Throughout the book, problems are posed and solved to illustrate specific results and problem-solving techniques. Includes applications of interest to physicists, physical chemists, and materials scientists, as well as materials, chemical, and mechanical engineersSuitable as a textbook for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and practicing researchersDevelops content systematically with increasing order of complexitySelf-contained, including nine appendices to handle necessary background and technical details "

Contents:

Front Cover

Thermal Physics: Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics for Scientists and Engineers

Copyright

Dedication

Table of Contents

About the Cover

Preface

Part I: Thermodynamics

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Temperature

1.2 Thermodynamics Versus Statistical Mechanics

1.3 Classification of State Variables

1.4 Energy in Mechanics

1.4.1 Single Particle in One Dimension

1.4.2 Single Particle in Three Dimensions

1.4.3 System of Particles

1.5 Elementary Kinetic Theory

Chapter 2: First Law of Thermodynamics

2.1 Statement of the First Law

2.1.1 Discussion of the First Law

2.2 Quasistatic Work

2.3 Heat Capacities

2.3.1 Heat Capacity of an Ideal Gas

2.3.2 General Relationship of Cp to CV

2.4 Work Due to Expansion of an Ideal Gas

2.4.1 Reversible Isothermal Process

2.4.2 Reversible Isobaric Expansion Followed by Isochoric Transformation

2.4.3 Isochoric Transformation Followed by Reversible Isobaric Expansion

2.4.4 Reversible Adiabatic Expansion

2.4.5 Irreversible Adiabatic Expansion

2.5 Enthalpy

Chapter 3: Second Law of Thermodynamics

3.1 Statement of the Second Law

3.1.1 Discussion of the Second Law

3.2 Carnot Cycle and Engines

3.3 Calculation of the Entropy Change

3.4 Combined First and Second Laws

3.4.1 Latent Heat

3.5 Statistical Interpretation of Entropy

3.5.1 Relationship of Entropy to Microstates

Chapter 4: Third Law of Thermodynamics

4.1 Statement of the Third Law

4.1.1 Discussion of the Third Law

4.2 Implications of the Third Law

Chapter 5: Open Systems

5.1 Single Component Open System

5.1.1 Ideal Gas

5.2 Multicomponent Open Systems

5.2.1 Maxwell Relations for Open Systems

5.2.2 Other Maxwell Relations

5.3 Euler Theorem of Homogeneous Functions.

5.3.1 Euler Theorem Applied to Extensive Functions

5.3.2 Euler Theorem Applied to Intensive Functions

5.4 Chemical Potential of Real Gases, Fugacity

5.5 Legendre Transformations

5.5.1 Specific Legendre Transforms

5.6 Partial Molar Quantities

5.6.1 Method of Intercepts

5.7 Entropy of Chemical Reaction

Chapter 6: Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Potentials

6.1 Entropy Criterion

6.1.1 Conditions for Equilibrium, Multicomponent Subsystems

6.1.2 Phase Rule

6.2 Energy Criterion

6.2.1 Local Energy Criterion

6.2.2 Equivalence of Entropy and Energy Criteria

6.3 Other Equilibrium Criteria

6.3.1 Helmholtz Free Energy Criterion

6.3.2 Gibbs Free Energy Criterion

6.3.3 Enthalpy Criterion

6.3.4 Kramers Potential Criterion

6.4 Summary of Criteria

6.4.1 Equilibrium Conditions

6.4.2 Extension to Chemical Reactions

Chapter 7: Requirements for Stability

7.1 Stability Requirements for Entropy

7.2 Stability Requirements for Internal Energy

7.3 Stability Requirements for Other Potentials

7.3.1 Enthalpy

7.3.2 Helmholtz Free Energy

7.3.3 Gibbs Free Energy

7.3.4 Summary of Stability Requirements

7.4 Consequences of Stability Requirements

7.5 Extension to Many Variables

7.6 Principles of Le Chatlier and Le Chatlier-Braun

Chapter 8: Monocomponent Phase Equilibrium

8.1 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation

8.1.1 Approximate Vapor Pressure Curve

8.1.2 Approximate Solid-Liquid Coexistence Curve

8.1.3 Approximate Relative Magnitudes

8.2 Sketches of the Thermodynamic Functions

8.3 Phase Diagram in the v, p Plane

Chapter 9: Two-Phase Equilibrium for a van der Waals Fluid

9.1 van der Waals Equation of State

9.1.1 Isotherms

9.1.2 Spinodal Curve

9.2 Thermodynamic Functions

9.2.1 Origin of the Constant a

9.3 Phase Equilibrium and Miscibility Gap.

9.3.1 Common Tangent Construction

9.3.2 Chord Construction

9.3.3 Summary for f(v) Curves

9.3.4 Explicit Equations for van der Waals Miscibility Gap

9.4 Gibbs Free Energy

9.4.1 Maxwell Construction

Chapter 10: Binary Solutions

10.1 Thermodynamics of Binary Solutions

10.1.1 Molar Gibbs Free Energy

10.1.2 Intercept and Common Tangent Constructions

10.1.3 Chord Construction

10.2 Ideal Solutions

10.3 Phase Diagram for an Ideal Solid and an Ideal Liquid

10.3.1 Equations for the Miscibility Gap

10.4 Regular Solution

10.5 General Binary Solutions

Chapter 11: External Forces and Rotating Coordinate Systems

11.1 Conditions for Equilibrium

11.2 Uniform Gravitational Field

11.2.1 Multicomponent Ideal Gas in Gravity

11.2.2 Binary Liquid in Gravity

11.3 Non-Uniform Gravitational Field

11.4 Rotating Systems

11.5 Electric Fields

Chapter 12: Chemical Reactions

12.1 Reactions at Constant Volume or Pressure

12.1.1 Heat of Reaction

12.2 Standard States

12.2.1 Heat of Formation

12.3 Equilibrium and Affinity

12.4 Explicit Equilibrium Conditions

12.4.1 Reactions among Gases

12.4.2 Heterogeneous Solids and Liquids with Gases

12.4.3 Dependence of K(T, p0) on Temperature

12.4.4 Dependence of K(T, p) on Pressure

12.5 Simultaneous Reactions

Chapter 13: Thermodynamics of Fluid-Fluid Interfaces

13.1 Planar Interfaces in Fluids

13.1.1 Gibbs Dividing Surface Model

13.1.2 Gibbs Adsorption Equation

13.1.3 Cahn's Layer Model

13.2 Curved Interfaces in Fluids

13.2.1 Gibbs Coefficients of Curvatures

13.3 Interface Junctions and Contact Angles

13.3.1 Contact Angle

13.4 Liquid Surface Shape in Gravity

13.4.1 Examples in Two Dimensions

13.4.2 Examples in Three Dimensions

Chapter 14: Thermodynamics of Solid-Fluid Interfaces.

14.1 Planar Solid-Fluid Interfaces

14.1.1 Adsorption Equation in the Reference State

14.1.2 Adsorption Equation in the Actual State

14.2 Anisotropy of γ

14.3 Curved Solid-Fluid Interfaces

14.3.1 Discontinuous Derivatives of γ

14.3.2 Inverted γ-Plot

14.4 Faceting of a Large Planar Face

14.5 Equilibrium Shape from the ξ-Vector

14.6 Herring Formula

14.7 Legendre Transform of the Equilibrium Shape

14.8 Remarks About Solid-Solid Interfaces

Part II: Statistical Mechanics

Chapter 15: Entropy and Information Theory

15.1 Entropy as a Measure of Disorder

15.1.1 The Disorder Function

15.2 Boltzmann Eta Theorem

15.2.1 Boltzmann Equation

15.2.2 Eta Theorem

Chapter 16: Microcanonical Ensemble

16.1 Fundamental Hypothesis of Statistical Mechanics

16.2 Two-State Subsystems

16.3 Harmonic Oscillators

16.3.1 Generating Function

16.4 Ideal Gas

16.4.1 Monatomic Ideal Gas with Gibbs Correction Factor

16.4.2 Scaling Analysis

16.5 Multicomponent Ideal Gas

16.5.1 Entropy of Mixing

Chapter 17: Classical Microcanonical Ensemble

17.1 Liouville's Theorem

17.2 Classical Microcanonical Ensemble

17.2.1 Classical Ideal Gas

17.2.2 Classical Harmonic Oscillators in Three Dimensions

Chapter 18: Distinguishable Particles with Negligible Interaction Energies

18.1 Derivation of the Boltzmann Distribution

18.1.1 Summary of Results

18.2 Two-State Subsystems

18.3 Harmonic Oscillators

18.3.1 Application: Heat Capacity of a Crystal

18.3.2 Application: Blackbody Radiation

18.4 Rigid Linear Rotator

Chapter 19: Canonical Ensemble

19.1 Three Derivations

19.1.1 Derivation from Microcanonical Ensemble I

19.1.2 Derivation from Microcanonical Ensemble II

19.1.3 Derivation III: Most Probable Distribution

19.2 Factorization Theorem.

19.2.1 Distinguishable Particles with Negligible Interaction

19.3 Classical Ideal Gas

19.3.1 Free Particle in a Box

19.4 Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution

19.5 Energy Dispersion

19.6 Paramagnetism

19.6.1 Classical Treatment

19.6.2 Quantum Treatment

19.6.3 Properties of Paramagnetic Systems

19.6.4 Adiabatic Demagnetization

19.7 Partition Function and Density of States

Chapter 20: Classical Canonical Ensemble

20.1 Classical Ideal Gas

20.1.1 Effusion of an Ideal Classical Gas

20.2 Law of Dulong and Petit

20.3 Averaging Theorem and Equipartition

20.4 Virial Theorem

20.5 Virial Coefficients

20.6 Use of Canonical Transformations

20.7 Rotating Rigid Polyatomic Molecules

Chapter 21: Grand Canonical Ensemble

21.1 Derivation from Microcanonical Ensemble

21.1.1 Kramers Function

21.1.2 Particle Number Dispersion

21.1.3 Energy Dispersion

21.2 Ideal Systems: Orbitals and Factorization

21.2.1 Factorization for Independent Sites

21.2.2 Fermi-Dirac Distribution

21.2.3 Bose-Einstein Distribution

21.2.4 Classical Ideal Gas

21.2.5 Fermi, Bose, and Classical Gases

21.2.6 Orbital Populations for Ideal Gases

21.3 Classical Ideal Gas with Internal Structure

21.3.1 Monatomic Gas

21.3.2 Diatomic Molecular Gas

21.3.3 Polyatomic Molecular Gas

21.4 Multicomponent Systems

21.5 Pressure Ensemble

21.5.1 Vacancies in Monovalent Crystals

21.5.2 Vacancies, Divacancies, and Interstitials

21.5.3 Vacancies and Interstitials in Ionic Crystals

Chapter 22: Entropy for Any Ensemble

22.1 General Ensemble

22.1.1 Example of the Maximization

22.1.2 Use of the Entropy Formula

22.2 Summation over Energy Levels

Chapter 23: Unified Treatment of Ideal Fermi, Bose, and Classical Gases

23.1 Integral Formulae

23.2 The Functions hν(λ,a).

23.3 Virial Expansions for Ideal Fermi and Bose Gases.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record

Includes bibliographical references and index

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 4, 2015)

ISBN:

9780128033371

0128033371

9780128033043

0128033045