Photovoltaic Technology for Hot and Arid Environments.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Aïssa, Brahim.

Contributor:

Tabet, Nouar.

Series:

Energy Engineering Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photovoltaic power generation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (311 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Stevenage : Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2023.

Summary:

A concise work on photovoltaics research, development and operation in desert regions to tap their enormous solar potential. Chapters cover energy yield under desert conditions, cells and bifacial modules, soiling, a case study from Australia, conclusions and future outlooks.

Contents:

Intro

Title

Copyright

Contents

About the editors

List of figures

List of tables

Preface

Acknowledgment

1 Solar energy resources and harvesting technologies

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Solar resources

1.2.1 Sun-earth system

1.2.2 Effects of earth's atmosphere on sunlight

1.2.3 Standard solar spectrum

1.2.4 Solar light components: GHI, DHI, DNI

1.2.5 Estimating insolation

1.2.6 Ground measurements, instruments

1.2.7 Satellite-based data

1.2.8 Insolation maps and data sets

1.3 Harvesting technologies

1.3.1 Solar energy conversion

1.3.2 Photovoltaics

1.3.3 CSP

References

2 Solar cell fundamentals

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Cell structure and light conversion

2.3 Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics

2.4 Factors limiting the cell performance

2.4.1 Effect of the energy gap

2.4.2 Current losses through defects

2.4.3 Auger recombination

2.4.4 Surface recombination

2.4.5 Effect of temperature

2.5 Theoretical limit of silicon cell efficiency: Shockley-Queisser limit (SQ limit)

3 Thermodynamics of solar energy conversion

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The thermodynamics of solar energy conversion

3.2.1 Thermodynamics limit of solar energy conversion: AM1.5g

3.2.2 Single junction solar cells

3.2.3 Thermodynamics limit of solar energy conversion: the effect of increased intensity in hot areas

3.2.4 Hot climate implications on common solar cell technologies

3.3 Materials for solar cells

3.3.1 Conventional materials

3.3.2 Emerging materials

3.3.3 Computational materials design for solar cells

4 Solar cell technologies

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Discussion about the main parameters affecting the silicon solar cell device performance under desert conditions (Voc, temperature coefficient TCη).

4.3 Silicon-based photovoltaic technologies

4.3.1 Aluminum back surface field (Al-BSF) cells

4.3.2 PERC

4.3.3 Silicon heterojunction solar cells: concept and status

4.3.4 Configuration and fabrication

4.4 Device operation under various temperatures-experimental results

4.4.1 Comparison of different technologies

4.5 CIGS and CdTe thin film solar cells

4.5.1 Device configuration

4.5.2 Device fabrication

4.5.3 Device performances

4.5.4 Device reliability

4.6 Organo-metal halide perovskites based solar cells

4.6.1 Solar cell architectures and designs

4.6.2 Device fabrication

4.6.3 Stability and toxicity issues

4.7 Multijunction solar cells

4.7.1 Basic principles of multi-junction solar cells

4.7.2 Fabrication of multijunction solar cells

4.7.3 Multijunctions solar cell under high temperature operation

5 PV module technology and energy yield under desert environment conditions

5.1 Introduction

5.2 PV module materials

5.3 PV module design

5.4 Cell-to-module (CTM) performance

5.4.1 Geometry-related losses

5.4.2 Electrical losses

5.4.3 Optical losses and gains

5.5 Module energy yield and reliability under desert environment

5.5.1 Module installation parameters for mono-facial and bifacial modules

5.5.2 Effect of mounting height

5.5.3 Effect of ground albedo

5.5.4 Effect of tilt angle

5.5.5 Effect of module temperature

5.5.6 Effect of ground coverage ratio

5.5.7 Effect of azimuth orientation

5.6 Reliability issue for hot arid desert

5.6.1 Infrared thermography of PV modules to identify defects

5.7 Performance and reliability of crystalline-silicon photovoltaics in desert climate

5.7.1 PV performance monitoring and degradation rate

5.7.2 Temperature coefficients (TC) measurement

5.7.3 Visual inspection.

5.7.4 Electroluminescence imaging

5.8 Conclusions

6 Bifacial solar technology and module installation

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Technological progress

6.3 Bifacial performance parameters

6.4 Potential applications

6.5 Solar cell device optimization

6.6 Theoretical and practical efficiency limits of solar cells

6.7 Bifacial perovskite silicon tandem

6.8 Material characterization model for device assessment

6.9 Cell to module to field performance

6.10 Module installation

6.10.1 Outdoor module performance monitoring

6.10.2 Bifacial versus monofacial energy yield gain and standalone versus in-array mounted losses

6.10.3 Effect of mounting height

6.10.4 Effect of natural and synthetic ground albedo

6.10.5 Effect of module temperature

6.10.6 Optimization of height, tilt, and albedo

6.10.7 Effect of azimuth orientation

6.10.8 Effect of device parameters: bifaciality and temperature coefficient

6.11 Conclusions

7 Photostatic soiling in desert environment

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Description of the OTF

7.3 Impact of the soiling on the attenuation of solar radiation in a desert environment

7.4 Soiling rates in different countries

7.5 Dust characteristics in different countries

7.5.1 Particle size distribution

7.5.2 Particle-surface adhesion forces

7.6 Dew, cementation, particle caking, capillary aging

7.7 Mechanics of dust accumulation

7.7.1 Particle deposition

7.7.2 Particle rebound and resuspension

7.7.3 Net soiling rate

7.7.4 Collector geometry

7.8 Field measurement of soiling

7.8.1 Soil mass

7.8.2 Light transmission

7.8.3 PV module output

7.9 Analysis of PV field data

7.9.1 Angle-of-incidence effects

7.9.2 Surface imaging

7.10 Cleaning and soiling mitigation

7.10.1 Cleaning economics.

7.10.2 Abrasion effects

7.10.3 Development of anti-soiling coating

7.10.4 Development of a TiO2-based self-cleaning coating

7.10.5 Electrodynamic shield/screen

7.11 Impact on global solar power production and energy costs

7.12 Renewable energy and soiling in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) context

7.13 Conclusions

8 Desert PV applications

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Desert climate and solar resource

8.2.1 General weather profile of a desert

8.2.2 Arabian and Qatar desert climate

8.2.3 Solar resource in the Qatar desert

8.2.4 Daily PV profile in the desert environment

8.3 PV strings and arrays

8.3.1 Partial shading impact on PV system performance

8.3.2 Performance of PV inverters in desert environments

8.4 Loads and energy consumption in Qatar

8.4.1 Animal barns

8.4.2 Water pumps

8.4.3 Water desalination

8.4.4 HVAC systems

8.4.5 Additional loads

8.4.6 Urban energy consumption of the Qatar Desert

8.5 PV energy system design, control and operation

8.5.1 PV-powered water pumping system

8.5.2 PV-powered lighting systems

8.5.3 Remote residential PV system

8.5.4 PV-hybrid system

8.5.5 A system with energy storage

8.5.6 Off-grid vs. grid connected system

8.5.7 Energy management and control

8.6 Techno-economic benefits and case study

8.7 Conclusions

8.8 Term definitions

9 PV systems in Australia: market evolution and performance in desert applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Evolution of the PV market in Australia

9.2.1 International context

9.2.2 Off-grid uses (pre-2000)

9.2.3 Development of a grid-connected industry

9.2.4 The dominance of grid-connected PV

9.2.5 Grid parity

9.2.6 The new investors

9.3 Policies and their effects on the market: lessons learned

9.3.1 Small-scale programs.

9.3.2 The Renewable Energy Target: a national initiative

9.3.3 Certificate multipliers and adaptability

9.3.4 Feed in tariffs: boom and bust

9.3.5 The cost of finance

9.3.6 The importance of the political environment

9.4 Australian climate: challenges and opportunities

9.5 PV systems across the Australian network

9.6 Case study: Desert Knowledge Australia Solar Centre

9.7 Conclusions

10 Conclusions, learned lessons and outlook into the future

10.1 Summary of the book

10.2 Looking into the future: PV in harsh environments at large

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Other Format:

Print version: Aïssa, Brahim Photovoltaic Technology for Hot and Arid Environments

ISBN:

9781785619120

1785619128

OCLC:

1392344515