Biomedical device technology : principles and design / by Anthony Y.K. Chan, PH.D., P.ENG, CCE.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Chan, Anthony Y. K., author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomedical engineering.

Medical supplies.

Medical technology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 901 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Springfield, Illinois : Charles C. Thomas Publisher, LTD, [2023]

Summary:

This book provides a comprehensive approach to studying the principles and design of biomedical devices and their applications in medicine. It is written for engineers and technologists who are interested in understanding the principles, design, and use of medical device technology. The book is also intended to be a textbook or reference for biomedical device technology courses in universities and colleges. It focuses on the applications, functions and principles of medical devices (which are the invariant components) and uses specific designs and constructions to illustrate the concepts where appropriate. Indication of use as well as common problems and hazards for each device type are included. This book selectively covers diagnostic and therapeutic devices that are either commonly used or whose principles and design represent typical applications of the technology. For those who would like to know more, a collection of published papers and book references has been added to the end of each chapter. In this third edition, many chapters have gone through revisions, some with significant updates and additions, to keep up with new applications and advancements in medical technology. A new appendix on infection prevention and control practices relating to medical devices is included. Based on requests, review questions are added for each chapter to help readers to assess their comprehension of the content material.

Contents:

Intro

BIOMEDICAL DEVICE TECHNOLOGY

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

PREFACE

CONTENTS

Part I INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

OBJECTIVES

CHAPTER CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICAL DEVICES

Classified by Functions

Classified by Physical Parameters

Classified by Principles of Transduction

Classified by Physiological Systems

Classified by Clinical Medical Specialties

Classified by Risk Classes

SYSTEMS APPROACH

ORIGINS OF BIOPOTENTIALS

PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNALS

HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE

User Focus

Patient Focus

Support Staff Focus

Human Errors

INPUT, OUTPUT, AND CONTROL SIGNALS

CONSTRAINTS IN BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS

Low Signal Level

Inaccessible Measurement Site

Small Physical Size

Difficult to Isolate Signal From Interfering Sources

Signal Varies With Time

Signal Varies Among Healthy Individuals

Origin and Propagation of Signal Is Not Fully Understood

Difficult to Establish Safe Level of Applied Energy to the Tissue

Able to Withstand Harsh Clinical Environment

Biocompatibility

CONCEPTS ON BIOCOMPATIBILITY

Definitions

Mechanism of Reaction

Tissue Response to Implants

Characteristics of Materials Affecting Biocompatibility

In Vitro and In Vivo Tests for Biocompatibility

FUNCTIONAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Interface

Analog Processing

Analog to Digital Conversion

Digital to Analog Conversion

Signal Isolation

Digital Processing

Memory

Network &amp

Communication Interface

User Interface

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 2 CONCEPTS IN SIGNAL MEASUREMENT, PROCESSING, AND ANALYSIS

ERROR OF MEASUREMENT AND CALIBRATION

DEVICE SPECIFICATIONS.

STEADY STATE VERSUS TRANSIENT CHARACTERISTICS

LINEAR VERSUS NONLINEAR STEADY STATE CHARACTERISTICS

TIME AND FREQUENCY DOMAINS

SIGNAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS

Transfer Function

Signal Filtering

Signal Amplification and Attenuation

Other Signal Processing Circuits

Part II BIOMEDICAL TRANSDUCERS

Chapter 3 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMEDICAL TRANSDUCERS

DEFINITIONS

TYPES OF TRANSDUCERS

Passive Versus Active Transducers

Direct Versus Indirect Mode of Transducers

Intermittent Versus Continuous Measurement

Desired Versus Interfering Input

Invasive Versus Noninvasive Method

TRANSDUCER CHARACTERISTICS

Amplitude Linearity

Adequate Frequency Response

Free From Phase Distortion

SIGNAL CONDITIONING

TRANSDUCER EXCITATION

COMMON PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCERS

Chapter 4 PRESSURE AND FORCE TRANSDUCERS

BAROMETERS AND MANOMETERS

MECHANICAL PRESSURE GAUGES

STRAIN GAUGES

PIEZOELECTRIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCERS

Chapter 5 TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS

REFERENCE TEMPERATURE AND TEMPERATURE SCALE

NONELECTRICAL TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS

ELECTRICAL TEMPERATURE TRANSDUCERS

RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DEVICES

LEAD ERRORS

Three-Wire Bridge

SELF-HEATING ERRORS

THERMISTORS

THERMOCOUPLES

Empirical Laws of Thermocouples

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TEMPERATURE SENSORS

COMPARISON OF TEMPERATURE SENSORS' CHARACTERISTICS

Chapter 6 POSITION AND MOTION TRANSDUCERS

RESISTIVE DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS

INDUCTIVE DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS

CAPACITIVE DISPLACEMENT TRANSDUCERS

HALL EFFECT SENSORS

ACCELEROMETERS

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Chapter 7 FLOW TRANSDUCERS

LAMINAR AND TURBULENT FLOW

BERNOULLI'S EQUATION AND POISEUILLE'S LAW

FLOW TRANSDUCERS

Venturi Tube

Orifice Plate

Pitot Tube

Rotameter

Turbine Flowmeters

Electromagnetic Flowmeters

Ultrasound Flowmeters

Thermal Flowmeters

Hot Wire Anemometer

Chapter 8 OPTICAL TRANSDUCERS

QUANTUM AND THERMAL EVENTS

Thermal and Photon Detectors

Radiometry and Photometry

Black Body, Gray Body, and Selective Radiators

PHOTOSENSING ELEMENTS

Photoresistive Sensors

Thermopiles

Pyroelectric Sensors

Photoconductive Sensors

Photoemissive Sensors

Photodiodes

Phototransistors

Charge-Coupled Device

FIBER OPTIC CABLES AND SENSORS

Physics of Fiber Optics

Modes and Types of Optical Fibers

Dispersion of Light in Optical Fiber

Fiber Optic Cables and Connectors

Fiber Optic Sensors

APPLICATION EXAMPLES

Chapter 9 ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSDUCERS

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Galvanic (Voltaic) Cells

Standard Electrode Potentials

Nernst Equation

REFERENCE ELECTRODES

Hydrogen Reference Electrode

Silver/Silver Chloride Reference Electrode

Calomel Reference Electrode

ION SELECTIVE ELECTRODES

pK Electrode

pH Electrode

pCO2 Electrodes

pO2 Electrodes

BIOSENSORS (ENZYME SENSORS)

BATTERIES AND FUEL CELLS

Chapter 10 BIOPOTENTIAL ELECTRODES

ORIGIN OF BIOPOTENTIALS

BIOPOTENTIAL ELECTRODES

The Tissue-Electrode Interface

Electrode Half-Cell Potential

Polarized and Nonpolarized Electrodes

Silver/Silver Chloride Electrodes

Electrical Equivalent Circuit.

Floating Surface Electrode

Other Biopotential Electrodes

Part III FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Chapter 11 BIOPOTENTIAL AMPLIFIERS

INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIERS

DIFFERENTIAL AND COMMON MODE SIGNALS

NOISE IN BIOPOTENTIAL SIGNAL MEASUREMENTS

INTERFERENCE FROM EXTERNAL ELECTRICAL FIELD

Currents Induced on Lead Wires

Right Leg-Driven Circuit

INTERFERENCE FROM EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD

CONDUCTIVE INTERFERENCE

High Frequencies and Power Harmonics

Switching Transients

Lightning Surges

Defibrillator Pulses

Chapter 12 ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND SIGNAL ISOLATION

ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARDS

MACROSHOCK AND MICROSHOCK

PREVENTION OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK

GROUNDED AND ISOLATED POWER SYSTEMS

SIGNAL ISOLATION

OTHER METHODS TO REDUCE ELECTRICAL HAZARD

Equipotential Grounding

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters

Double Insulation

Batteries and Extra Low-Voltage Power Supply

MEASUREMENT OF LEAKAGE CURRENT

Chapter 13 MEDICAL WAVEFORM DISPLAY SYSTEMS

PAPER CHART RECORDERS

Continuous Paper Feed Recorders

Mechanical Stylus Recorders

Thermal Dot Array Recorders

Single Page Feed Recorders

Laser Printers

Inkjet Printers

VISUAL DISPLAY TECHNOLOGY

Cathode Ray Tube Displays

Liquid Crystal Displays

Plasma Panel Displays

Electroluminescent Displays

Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays

VIDEO SIGNAL INTERFACE

PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF DISPLAY SYSTEMS

Sensitivity

Paper Speed and Display Sweep Speed

Resolution

Frequency Response

COMMON PROBLEMS AND HAZARDS

Part IV MEDICAL DEVICES.

Chapter 14 PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING SYSTEMS

FUNCTIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORS

METHODS OF MONITORING

MONITORED PARAMETERS

CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEMS

Bedside Monitors

Ambulatory Monitors

Central Station

TELEMETRY

ARRHYTHMIA DETECTION

PATIENT MONITORING NETWORKS

Network Topologies

Network Protocols

Token Ring

Ethernet

Host-Terminal

Client-Server

Peer-to-Peer

Network Operating Systems

Network Connection Components

Transmission Links

Network Interconnection Devices

Network Interface Card (NIC)

Hubs

Repeaters

Switches

Bridges

Routers

Health Care Network Standards

Chapter 15 ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS

ORIGIN OF THE CARDIAC POTENTIAL

THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

AMBULATORY ECG MONITORING

ECG LEAD CONFIGURATIONS AND 12-LEAD ECG

ECG Axis

VECTORCARDIOGRAM

FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH

Defibrillator Protection

Lead-Off Detector

Preamplifier

Lead Selector

Amplifier

Calibration Pulse

Filter

Signal Processor

Recorder or Display

TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHS

ECG DATA STORAGE, NETWORK, AND MANAGEMENT

Chapter 16 ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHS

ANATOMY OF THE BRAIN

APPLICATIONS OF EEG

Brain Death

Epilepsy and Partial Epilepsy

Diagnosing Sleep Disorders

CHALLENGES IN EEG ACQUISITION

EEG ELECTRODES AND PLACEMENT

Types of EEG Electrodes

Surface (or Scalp) Electrode Placement

Scalp-Electrode Impedance

EEG WAVEFORM CHARACTERISTICS.

FUNCTIONAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF EEG MACHINES.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-398-09393-8

9780398093938