Savage & Aronson's comprehensive textbook of perioperative and critical care echocardiography / [edited by] Alina Nicoara ... [et al.].

Format:

Book

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Echocardiography.

Medical Subjects:

Echocardiography.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (920 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

3rd ed.

Other Title:

Savage and Aronson's comprehensive textbook of perioperative and critical care echocardiography

Place of Publication:

[Philadelphia] : Wolters Kluwer, 2022.

Summary:

Thoroughly revised to reflect new advances in the field, Savage & Aronson's Comprehensive Textbook of Perioperative and Critical Care Echocardiography, Third Edition, remains the definitive text and reference on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Edited by Drs. Alina Nicoara, Robert M. Savage, Nikolaos J. Skubas, Stanton K. Shernan, and Christopher A. Troianos, this authoritative reference covers material relevant for daily clinical practice in operating rooms and procedural areas, preparation for certification examinations, use of echocardiography in the critical care setting, and advanced applications relevant to current certification and practice guidelines.

Contents:

Half Title

Title

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Section I: Fundamentals of Perioperative Echocardiography

1 Physics of Ultrasound

Introduction

Echocardiography and the Properties of Ultrasound

Propagation of Ultrasound: Reflection, Refraction, and Attenuation

Specular and Nonspecular Reflection

Acoustic Impedance

Attenuation

Ultrasound Interactions and the Challenges to Signal Processing

The Piezoelectric Effect and Ultrasound

Ultrasound Transducers: The Basics

How Is the Generated Ultrasound Beam Steered?

Ultrasound Beam Geometry

Pulse-Echo Operation: Time Equals Distance

Image Display Formats

2D Echocardiography: Frames and Frame Rate

Tissue Harmonic Imaging

Contrast Echocardiography

Doppler Echocardiography

Blood Flow Hemodynamics, Flow Velocity Profiles, and Doppler Echocardiography

Doppler Principle and Doppler Frequency Shift

Continuous Wave Doppler Echocardiography

Pulsed Wave Doppler Echocardiography

High PRF Mode and Multigate Doppler

Graphical Display of Doppler Frequency Spectra

Tissue Doppler Echocardiography

Color Flow Doppler Echocardiography

Instrumentation Factors in Color Flow Doppler Imaging

Conclusions

Questions

Answers

References

2 Doppler Echocardiography

The Doppler Principle and Doppler Frequency Shift

Pulsed Doppler Echocardiography

CW, PW, and Color Flow Doppler Compared

Conclusions.

Questions

3 Imaging Artifacts and Diagnostic Pitfalls

Artifacts

Missing Structures

Degraded Images

Falsely Perceived Objects

Misregistered Locations

Artifacts in Doppler Analysis

Artifacts in Three-Dimensional Ultrasound

Stitching (Reconstruction) Artifacts

Dropout Artifacts

Blurring (Amplification) Artifacts

Blooming Artifact

Railroad artifacts

Pitfalls

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

Left Atrium

Left Atrioventricular Groove

Left Ventricle

Aortic Valve

Aorta

Pericardium

Conclusion

4 Optimizing Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Echocardiographic Images

The Impact of Ultrasound Instrumentation on Image Generation and Display

Master Synchronizer (Clock)

Transducers and Spatial Resolution

Temporal Resolution and Real-Time Imaging

Amplification and Time Gain Compensation

Preprocessing

Analog-to-Digital Converters

Scan Conversion and Storage in Computer Memory

Postprocessing

Image Display, Recording, and Storage

Optimizing Three-Dimensional (3D) Images

Data Acquisition

Image Display

Specific Strategies to Optimize 3D Echo Imaging of the Cardiac Chambers

Specific Strategies to Optimize 3D Echo Imaging of the Valves

5 Surgical Anatomy of the Heart

Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart

Cardiac Ventricles

Tricuspid Valve

Pulmonic Valve

Mitral Valve Apparatus

Mitral Valve Leaflets: Carpentier-SCA Terminology

Mitral Valve Apparatus-Duran Terminology

Aortic Root

Coronary Anatomy

6 Comprehensive and Basic Perioperative TEE Examination

Prevention of TEE Complications

Intraoperative TEE Indications

Optimizing Image Quality.

Comprehensive TEE Examination

General Considerations

TEE Probe Insertion

TEE Probe Manipulation

Left Atrium and Pulmonary Veins

Mitral Valve Midesophageal Views

Aortic Valve Midesophageal Views

Left Ventricle Midesophageal Views

Right Heart Midesophageal Views

Left Ventricle Transgastric Views

Mitral Valve Transgastric Views

Right Heart Transgastric Views

Aortic Valve Transgastric Views

TEE Examination of the Thoracic Aorta

Basic Perioperative TEE Examination

Limitations

Perioperative TEE Indications for Noncardiac Surgery

Training

7 Indications for Intraoperative Transesophageal Echo

Cardiac Surgery

Hemodynamic Instability

Trauma

Pulmonary Embolism

Venous Air Embolism

Lung Transplantation

Liver Transplantation

Renal Cell Carcinoma With IVC Extension

Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

Complications

8 Organization of a Perioperative Echocardiographic Service: Personnel, Equipment, Maintenance, Safety, Infection, Economics, and Continuous Quality Improvement

Personnel

Equipment and Maintenance

Safety

Complications Related to the Gastrointestinal System

Complications Related to Compression of Adjacent Structures

Contraindications

Economics of an Intraoperative Echo Service

TEE Reporting and Billing

Credentialing

Assessing Quality in a Perioperative TEE Service

9 Education and Training in Perioperative Echocardiography

Perioperative Echocardiography Training Programs

Resources for Perioperative Echocardiography Education

Certification in Perioperative Echocardiography

10 Assessment of Global Left Ventricular Systolic Function.

Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Left Ventricle

Phases of Ventricular Systole

Left Ventricular Systolic Function

Two-Dimensional Examination of the Left Ventricle

Ejection Phase Indices of Left Ventricular Performance

Cardiac Output

Fractional Shortening

Fractional Area Change

Ejection Fraction

Calculating Preload and Afterload

Preload

Afterload

Systolic Index of Contractility (dP/dT)

Myocardial Performance Index

Tissue Doppler Imaging

Myocardial Strain by Tissue Doppler Imaging

Myocardial Deformation by Speckle Tracking

Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Global Ventricular Performance

11 Regional Left Ventricular Systolic Function

Segmental Model of the Left Ventricle

Distribution of Coronary Artery Anatomy

Clinical Application of Regional Wall Motion Analysis

Regional Ventricular Function and Ischemia Detection

Regional Ventricular Function and Nonischemic Conditions

Assessment of Myocardial Viability

Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography

Contrast-Enhanced Echocardiography

Other Echocardiographic Techniques for Assessing Regional Ventricular Function

Speckle Tracking

Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

12 Assessment of Right Ventricular Function

Structure and Function of the Right Ventricle

Transesophageal Echocardiographic Scan Planes for Assessing the Right Ventricle

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Dilatation

Right Ventricular Pressure and Volume Overload and the Ventricular Septum

Right Ventricular Systolic Function-Qualitative and Regional Assessment

Right Ventricular Global Systolic Function-Quantitative Echocardiographic Assessment

Longitudinal Motion.

Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional RV Quantification

Dimensionless RV Quantification

Right Ventricular Function-Hemodynamic Assessment

Right Ventricular Diastolic Function

Diastolic Function: Right Atrial Dimensions

13 Assessment of Diastolic Function in the Perioperative Setting

Clinical Importance of Diastolic Dysfunction

Physiology of Diastole and Pathophysiology of Dysfunction

LV Relaxation

LV Compliance

Left Atrial Function

Mitral Annular Excursion

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

Transmitral Inflow Velocities

Stage I: Impaired Relaxation Pattern

Stage II: Pseudonormal Pattern

Stage III: Restrictive Pattern

Pulmonary Venous Flow

Mitral Annulus Tissue Doppler Imaging

Color M-Mode Doppler: Propagation Velocity

Left Atrial Strain

Grading of Diastolic Dysfunction

Limitations of Current Techniques of Echocardiographic Assessment of Diastolic Dysfunction

Emerging Techniques for Assessing LV Diastolic Function

Clinical Implications of Diastolic Dysfunction in the Perioperative Setting

14 Assessment of the Mitral Valve

Anatomy of the Mitral Valve

Structural Integrity of the Mitral Valve

Mitral Regurgitation

Qualitative Techniques

Semiquantitative Techniques

Quantitative Techniques

Mitral Stenosis

Nonrheumatic Etiologies of Mitral Stenosis

Cor Triatriatum

15 Assessment of the Aortic Valve

Anatomy of the Aortic Valve

Assessing the Aortic Valve With Transesophageal Echocardiography

Midesophageal AV Short-Axis (ME AV SAX) View

Midesophageal AV Long-Axis (ME AV LAX) View

Deep Transgastric Five Chamber View.

Transgastric Long-Axis View.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781975113070

1975113071

9781975113087

197511308X

OCLC:

1417759944