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Thermoregulation. Part II : from basic neuroscience to clinical neurology / volume editor, Andrej A. Romanovsky [and four others].
- Format:
- Book
- Series:
- Handbook of clinical neurology ; 3rd ser., v. 157.
- Handbook of clinical neurology ; volume 157, 3rd series
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Body temperature--Regulation.
- Body temperature.
- Neurosciences.
- Neurology.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (452 pages) : illustrations (some color).
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Amsterdam : Elsevier, [2018]
- Summary:
- Thermoregulation, Part II: From Basic Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, Volume 155, not only reviews how body temperature regulation changes in neurological diseases, but also how this aspect affects the course and outcomes of each disease.
- Contents:
- Front Cover
- Thermoregulation: From basic Neuroscience to clinical neurology, Part II
- Copyright
- Handbook of Clinical Neurology 3rd Series
- Foreword
- Preface
- Contributors
- Contents of Part II
- Contents of Part I
- Section VI: Normal and abnormal body core and peripheral temperatures
- Chapter 29: Body temperature and clinical thermometry
- Introduction
- What do we mean by body temperature?
- The concept of body shell and core temperature
- The body shell
- Skin temperature and perception of thermal comfort
- Core temperature
- Clinical thermometry
- Temperature measurement and monitoring
- Techniques for skin temperature measurement
- Techniques for core temperature measurement
- Thermometer devices
- Digital thermometers
- Thermocouples
- Thermistors
- Infrared thermometry
- Thermography
- Thermography in fever and infection screening
- Mass screening
- Thermography and surgical site infection screening
- MRS and imaging for absolute temperature measurement
- Knowledge translation
- Conclusion
- References
- Chapter 30: Brain temperature: from physiology and pharmacology to neuropathology
- Physiologic brain temperature fluctuations: causes and mechanisms
- Brain hyperthermia due to environmental heating, excessive bodily heat production, and insufficiency of heat dissipa
- Changes in brain temperature induced by neuroactive drugs
- Brain hypothermia associated with general anesthesia
- Brain temperature effects of drugs of abuse: state and environmental modulation
- State-dependent effects of cocaine
- State-dependent effects of heroin
- Pathologic brain hyperthermia induced by MDMA
- Brain temperature as a factor reflecting neural activity and affecting brain structure and functions
- Summary and human health perspectives
- Acknowledgments
- References.
- Chapter 31: Heat exhaustion
- Physiology of heat exchange
- Cardiovascular responses during heat stress
- Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume
- Right ventricular preload and pulmonary afterload
- Left ventricular preload and afterload
- Blood and blood volume during heat stress
- Changes in organ blood volume
- Blood coagulation and disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Distribution of cardiac output and vascular changes
- Splanchnic
- Renal
- Skin
- Muscle
- Brain
- Pathophysiology
- Inflammatory response during heat stress
- Cytokines
- Heat shock proteins
- Heat stress in vulnerable populations
- Children
- Natural aging
- Chronic disease
- Type 2 diabetes
- Hypertension
- Cardiovascular disease
- Aerobic fitness, heat acclimation, and hydration effects on tolerance during heat stress
- Fitness
- Heat acclimation/acclimatization
- Hydration
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Summary
- Chapter 32: Heatstroke
- Definition and epidemiology
- Definitions
- Epidemiology and risk factors
- Pathogenesis
- Thermoregulation
- Normothermia
- Thermoregulation during heat stress
- Cellular stress response
- Implications for pathogenesis
- Heat cytotoxicity
- Circulatory failure and ischemia-reperfusion injury
- Alteration of innate immune response
- Uncontrolled activation of coagulation
- Clinical and metabolic manifestations
- Clinical features
- Metabolic features
- Pathology
- Diagnosis
- Management
- Prehospital management
- In-hospital management
- Physical cooling
- Pharmacologic cooling
- Treatment of complications
- Outcome
- Mortality
- Neurologic morbidity
- Key messages
- Chapter 33: Accidental hypothermia
- Epidemiology
- Primary and secondary hypothermia
- Cardiovascular system.
- Central and peripheral nervous system
- Respiratory system
- Fluid shifts, electrolyte balance, and kidney function
- Blood and coagulation parameters
- Endocrine and metabolic responses
- Laboratory evaluation
- Diagnosis and staging
- Core temperature measurement
- Esophageal measurement
- Epitympanic measurement
- Rectal and bladder temperature measurement
- Clinical symptoms
- Rescue collapse and afterdrop
- Out-of-hospital treatment
- Nonextracorporeal rewarming
- Extracorporeal rewarming
- Coordination of the management of hypothermic patients
- Prognosis
- Chapter 34: Fever and hypothermia in systemic inflammation
- Introduction11Abbreviations used in the chapter are listed at the end of the chapter before References section.
- Thermoregulatory manifestations of clinical systemic inflammation
- Phenomenology of thermoregulatory manifestations of systemic inflammation in experimental models
- Body temperature responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide
- Autonomic and behavioral thermoeffectors of fever and hypothermia
- Fever
- Hypothermia
- Pathogenesis of fever and hypothermia in systemic inflammation
- Innate immune response
- Pathogen recognition
- Pyrogenic and cryogenic cytokines
- Periphery-to-brain communication in systemic inflammation
- Lipid mediators of the thermoregulatory responses to systemic inflammation
- Biochemistry of lipid-derived mediators
- Prostaglandin E2 as a mediator of fever
- Eicosanoids in the mediation of hypothermia
- The biologic value of fever and hypothermia
- Thermoregulatory manifestations as a part of the sickness syndrome
- Fever: a friend or a foe?
- Hypothermia: friend or foe?
- Chapter 35: Stress-induced hyperthermia and hypothermia
- Introduction.
- Many kinds of single stress induce transient, monophasic hyperthermia
- Effects of repeated and chronic stress on body temperature
- Long-lasting inescapable stress induces hypothermia
- Mechanism of acute stress-induced hyperthermia
- Mechanisms of hyperthermia during repeated/chronic stress
- Conditioned hyperthermia
- Enhanced hyperthermic response to a novel stress
- Persistent low-grade hyperthermia and flattened diurnal Tc rhythm
- Mechanism of long-lasting, inescapable stress-induced hypothermia
- Modulating factors of stress-induced hyperthermia and hypothermia
- Nature and severity of stressors
- Individual factors
- Species
- Strain
- Sex
- Age
- Pregnancy
- Trait anxiety
- Environmental factors
- Time of day
- Ambient temperature
- Cold acclimation
- Social factors
- Early-life experiences
- Early-life stress
- Juvenile stress
- Coping
- Effects of psychologic stress on Tc in healthy humans
- Hyperthermia
- Modulation of brown adipose tissue activity by stress, stress hormones, and stress reduction in healthy human subjects
- Psychogenic fever: pathologic manifestation of the psychologic stress-induced hyperthermic effect in humans
- Psychogenic fever in patients with physical diseases
- Treatment of psychogenic fever
- Physiologic significance of stress-induced hyperthermia and hypothermia
- Chapter 36: Body temperature regulation and drugs of abuse
- Phenethylamine: general pharmacology
- Phenethylamine-induced hyperthermia (PIH): The ``central triggers´´
- Thermoregulatory effectors as the peripheral mediators of PIH
- Uncoupling proteins
- Thyroid hormone
- Free fatty acids
- Newly discovered thermogenic mechanisms
- Vasoconstriction
- Pharmacologic management of PIH
- Chapter 37: Body temperature regulation and anesthesia
- History
- Normal thermoregulation
- Autonomic thermoregulatory defenses
- Sweating and vasodilatation
- Shivering
- Nonshivering thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue
- Characteristics of autonomic thermoregulatory defense mechanisms
- Anesthesia and thermoregulation
- General anesthesia
- Heat balance during anesthesia
- Neuraxial anesthesia
- Anesthesia and fever
- Chapter 38: Malignant hyperthermia
- Hypercarbia
- Increase in heart rate
- Temperature increase
- Acidosis
- Muscle features
- Masseter spasm
- Generalized muscle rigidity
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Variation in clinical features
- Factors confounding diagnosis
- Biochemistry and physiology of malignant hyperthermia
- Background
- Excitation-contraction coupling
- RyR1 gating
- RyR1 Regulation
- Cytosolic calcium cycling
- Ca2+ entry
- Ca2+ dysregulation and malignant hyperthermia
- Genetics of malignant hyperthermia
- RYR1 gene
- Locus heterogeneity
- Further complexities in the genetics of MH
- Translating research findings into diagnostic use
- Identifying genetic variants pathogenic for malignant hyperthermia
- When is a pathogenic RYR1 variant not relevant to malignant hyperthermia?
- RYR1 versus non-RYR1-associated malignant hyperthermia
- Searching for new genes implicated in malignant hyperthermia susceptibility
- Conclusions
- Chapter 39: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Clinical features and course
- Risk factors
- Our treatment approach
- Serotonin syndrome
- Treatment.
- Our treatment approach.
- Notes:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 3, 2018).
- Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
- ISBN:
- 0-444-64075-4
- 0-444-64074-6
- OCLC:
- 1066741684
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