Advancement in Oxide Utilization for Li Rechargeable Batteries.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Pal Singh, Jitendra.

Contributor:

Lee, Sangsul.

Franger, Sylvain.

Dixit, Ambesh.

Series:

Sustainable Energy Series

Sustainable Energy Series ; v.Volume 3

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Lithium ion batteries.

Metallic oxides.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (353 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry, The, 2025.

Summary:

This title will give an overview of the oxides in use in electrochemical energy storage devices, with the aim of providing an understanding of oxide materials and their utilization in energy fields for future development.

Contents:

Cover

Copyright

Preface

Contents

Section I: Introduction

Chapter 1 Section I: Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Metal Oxides in LIBs

1.2.1 Principles and Applications of LIBs

1.2.2 Electrodes Used in LIBs Consisting of Metal Oxide

1.2.2.1 Metal Oxide-based Anode Electrodes for LIBs

1.2.2.2 Thin Films on Metal Oxide Anodes

1.2.3 Metal Oxide-based Cathode Electrodes for LIBs

1.2.4 Lithium Transition Metal Oxide-based Cathodes

1.2.4.1 Surface Coatings of Li-rich Layered Oxide Cathodes

1.3 Improved Chemistry and Materials for Li-based Batteries

1.4 Conclusion

Abbreviations

References

Chapter 2 Physics and Chemistry of Li-ion Rechargeable Batteries

2.1 Journey of Li-ion Batteries

2.2 LIB Components and Materials Selection Criteria

2.2.1 LIB Components

2.2.2 Materials Selection Criteria for Electrodes and Electrolyte

2.3 Chemistry of LIBs

2.3.1 Chemistry of the Anode Materials

2.3.1.1 Graphite (Carbon-based)

2.3.1.2 Silicon (Si)

2.3.1.3 Lithium Titanate (Li4Ti5O12)

2.3.1.4 Metallic Lithium (Li)

2.3.2 Chemistry of the Cathode Materials

2.3.2.1 Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO/LiCoO2)

2.3.2.2 Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFPO/LiFePO4)

2.3.2.3 Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO/LiMn2O4)

2.3.2.4 Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM) Based Cathode Materials

2.3.3 Transport of Li+ Across the Electrolyte and Separator

2.4 Physics of Li-ion Batteries

2.4.1 Electrochemical Potential of Electrodes and Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)

2.4.2 Diffusion and Migration

2.4.3 Theoretical Capacity or Energy Density

2.5 Types of Cells Used So Far in LIB Technology

2.6 Physics and Chemistry of Electrochemical Performance Degradation Factors

2.7 Major Challenges and Future Prospects of LIBs

2.8 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References.

Chapter 3 Lithium-based All-solid-state Thin-film Micro-batteries

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Development of the All-solid-state Battery

3.3 Fabrication Process for TFBs

3.3.1 Sputtering

3.3.2 Evaporation

3.3.3 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)

3.3.4 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)

3.3.5 Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)

3.3.6 Electrodeposition

3.3.7 Hydrothermal

3.3.8 Sol-Gel

3.3.9 Solvent Casting

3.3.10 Patterning

3.3.11 Wet Etching

3.3.12 Dry Etching

3.3.13 Lift-off

3.4 Design Considerations

3.4.1 2D and 3D Lateral Cell

3.4.2 2D and 3D Vertical Cell

3.4.3 Cell Stacking

3.5 Materials for Thin-film Batteries

3.5.1 Physics of Electrodes

3.5.1.1 Thermodynamics for Insertion and Alloying Electrodes

3.5.1.2 Ion Diffusion in Solids

3.5.1.3 Electron Conduction in Solids

3.5.1.4 Ion-transfer and Electron-transfer Reaction

3.5.2 Cathode Materials

3.5.2.1 LiCoO2 (LCO)

3.5.2.2 LiFePO4 (LFP)

3.5.2.3 LiMn2O4

3.5.2.4 LiNiO2

3.5.2.5 LiVxOy

3.5.2.5.1 LiV3O8

3.5.2.5.2 LiV2O5

3.5.2.6 LixMoO3

3.5.2.7 Conclusion on Cathode Materials for TFBs

3.5.3 Anode Materials

3.5.3.1 Aluminium

3.5.3.2 Indium and In2O3

3.5.3.3 Tin, SnO2 and Sn3N4

3.5.3.4 Silicon

3.5.3.5 TiO2

3.5.3.6 Conclusion on Anode Materials for TFBs

3.5.4 Solid Electrolytes for TFBs

3.5.4.1 Physics of Solid Electrolytes

3.5.4.1.1 Crystalline Solid Electrolyte

3.5.4.1.2 Glassy Solid Electrolyte

3.5.4.1.3 High Molecular Weight Polymer Electrolyte

3.5.4.2 Examples of Thin-film Solid Electrolytes

3.5.4.2.1 LPS/LGPS Electrolyte (Glassy/Semi-crystalline/Crystalline)

3.5.4.2.2 LTP/LZP Electrolyte (Crystalline)

3.5.4.2.3 LAGP/LATP Electrolyte (Crystalline)

3.5.4.2.4 LLZO/LLTO Electrolyte (Crystalline)

3.5.4.2.5 LiPON and LiSiPON Electrolyte (Glassy).

3.5.4.2.6 Li3OCl Electrolyte (Crystalline)

3.5.4.2.7 Conclusion on Electrolyte Materials for TFBs

3.5.4.3 Dendrite Formation in Solid Electrolytes

3.5.5 Anode-free Configuration for High Integration Level

3.5.5.1 Advantages and Drawbacks of Anode-free Configuration

3.5.5.2 Plating and Stripping of Metallic Lithium

Section II: Anodes

Chapter 4 Section II: Anodes

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Recent Progress on Fe2O3 for Its Application in LIB Anodes

4.3 Recent Progress on Fe3O4 as an Anode for LIB Application

4.4 Summary and Future Prospects

Chapter 5 Manganese Oxide as an Anode for Li Rechargeable Batteries

5.1 Introduction

5.2 MnO as an Anode Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries

5.3 MnO2 as an Anode Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries

5.4 Mn2O3 as an anode material for Li Rechargeable Batteries

5.5 Mn3O4 as an Anode Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries

5.6 Conclusion

Chapter 6 Design and Fabrication of SiO2-based Anodes for High Energy Density Li Rechargeable Batteries

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Aspects of Anodes Based on Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

6.2.1 The Role of Silicon Oxide in Lithiation

6.2.2 The Anode Is a SiO2/Metal Hybrid

6.2.3 SiO2/C Hybrid Anode Materials

6.3 SiO2 Coating with Carbonaceous and Other Oxide-based Materials

6.4 Conclusions

Chapter 7 SnO2 and Its Composites as Anode Materials for Li Rechargeable Batteries

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Role of SnO2 in Lithium Ion Batteries: Glimpse of the Journey During the Last Decade

7.2.1 SnO2/Carbon

7.2.2 SnO2/Graphene or Reduced Graphene

7.2.3 SnO2/Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)

7.2.4 SnO2/Carbon Black

7.2.5 SnO2/Carbon Nanofibers

7.2.6 SnO2/Carbon Spheres

7.2.7 SnO2/Carbon Cloth

7.2.8 Doping of SnO2 with Transition Metals.

7.2.9 SnO2/Transition Metals/Carbon

7.3 SnO2 and Its Composites for LIBs: Recent Research Progress with Future Research Needs

7.3.1 Recent Research Progress

7.3.2 Future Prospects

7.4 Summary and Conclusions

Section III: Cathodes

Chapter 8 Section III: Cathodes

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Chemical Composition and Geometrical Structure

8.3 Electrochemical Reactions

8.4 Synthesis Techniques

8.4.1 Solid-state Reaction (SSR)

8.4.2 Sol-Gel Synthesis Method

8.4.3 Hydrothermal/Solvothermal Synthesis

8.4.4 Co-precipitation Method

8.4.5 Miscellaneous Methods

8.5 Electrochemical Performance

8.5.1 Surface Modification

8.5.1.1 Metal Oxide-based Surface Modification

8.5.1.2 Metal Doping of LiMnO2 Cathode

8.5.2 Composites for LiMnO2 Cathode

8.6 Degradation Mechanism for LiMnO2 Cathode Material

8.6.1 In Situ XRD Studies

8.6.2 In Situ Synchrotron Diffraction

8.7 Status of LiMnO2 Material for Potential Applications and Current Challenges

8.8 Future Scope

8.9 Conclusions

Chapter 9 Exploring LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co) as a High Performance Cathode Material for Li-ion Batteries

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Basic Working Principle of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs)

9.3 Properties of Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries

9.4 Discovery of Oxides of Cathodes

9.5 Transition Metal Oxides as Positive Electrode Materials

9.6 Summary and Outlook

Chapter 10 Uncovering the Limits of Lithium Cobalt Oxide: Challenges and Innovations for High-voltage Lithium-ion Batteries

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Role of Cathode Materials in LIBs

10.3 Discovery and Historical Context of LiCoO2

10.3.1 The Early Stages: Preliminary Investigations

10.3.2 Prof. Goodenough's Seminal Contribution.

10.3.3 Furthering the Exploration: Beyond Goodenough's Discovery

10.3.4 Integration into Practical Batteries

10.3.5 Commercial Breakthrough and Legacy

10.4 Challenges of High-voltage LiCoO2-based Batteries

10.4.1 Risks of Charging Beyond 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+

10.4.2 Phase Transition

10.4.3 Surface Degradation

10.4.4 Inhomogeneous Reactions

10.5 Modification Methods for LiCoO2

10.5.1 Element Doping

10.5.2 Surface Modification

10.5.3 Defect Engineering

10.6 State-of-the-art LiCoO2-based Lithium-ion Batteries

10.6.1 Recent Developments and Breakthroughs

10.7 Conclusion

Chapter 11 A New Lithium-based Oxide, Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe) as a Cathode Material for Li Rechargeable Batteries: Magnetic and Electrical Aspects

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 General Review of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe) Materials

11.2 Synthesis of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe)

11.3 Structural Aspects of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe)

11.3.1 X-ray and Neutron Diffraction

11.3.2 SEM Analysis

11.4 Heat Capacity Study of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe)

11.5 Magnetic Study of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe)

11.5.1 DC and AC-magnetisation

11.5.2 M-H Hysteresis Loop

11.6 Electrical Study of Li3MRuO5 (M = Ni, Fe)

11.6.1 Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties

11.6.2 Magneto-dielectric Properties

11.7 Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 12 Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NCM) Cathode Materials

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 The Birth of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

12.1.2 The Lithium Batteries - Components and Working Principle

12.1.3 Types of Cathodes and Their Importance

12.1.3.1 LiCoO2 vs. LiNiO2 as a Cathode

12.1.3.2 Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxides (NCM) Derived from LiNiO2

12.1.4 Scope of the Chapter

12.2 Chemistry and Structure of NCM Materials.

12.2.1 Explanation of the Chemical Composition of NCM Materials.

Notes:

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ISBN:

1-83767-362-4

1-83767-361-6

OCLC:

1519987879