Technological Solutions for Water Sustainability : Challenges and Prospects - Towards a Water-Secure India.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Philip, Ligy.

Contributor:

Pradeep, T.

Murty Bhallamudi, S.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Science.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (322 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

London : IWA Publishing, 2023.

Summary:

The book provides an overview of technical sustainable water management in the Global South, mainly in India. The book is structured in five sections: (1) current state and challenges, (2) new age materials in (waste) water treatment, (3) new technologies developed for (waste) water treatment, (4) sensors, (5) urban water infrastructure. Section-1 provides the latest information about the status and challenges for sustainable water management in India, from the perspective of water quality, industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, urban water infrastructure and policy and governance towards water security. Section 2 deals with new age materials for water and wastewater treatment. This part discusses new framework solids for water purification, new materials for arsenic and fluoride removal, nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment and removal of hazardous materials, and toxicity of these materials. Section 3 of the book presents the new technologies developed for water and wastewater treatment; dealing with pulsed power technology, constructed wetlands, nutrient recovery, low-cost filters and pollution abatement using waste derived materials. Section 4 of the book focuses on sensors, presenting the development of low-cost colorimetric sensors for eutrophying ions, sensors for conductivity and flow parameters, and multi-analyte assessment for water quality. Finally, Section 5 addresses the issues related to urban water infrastructure, sustainable urban drainage and integrated flood and water scarcity management. This section also discusses virtual water. The unique feature of this edited volume is the special perspective on emerging economies in the Global South, such as India. It provides information about adaption of technologies, development of new technologies, and management practices which are context driven and region specific. It also deals with economical and easy to use sensors for large scale monitoring of water quality and water quantity parameters.

Contents:

Intro

Cover

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Section 1: The Status and Challenges for Sustainable Water Management in India

Introduction

Chapter 1: Sustainable management of water

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.2 THE IMPENDING WATER CRISIS

1.3 THE GAP BETWEEN AVAILABILITY AND NEED FOR WATER IN INDIA

1.4 SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT

1.4.1 Water sustainability

1.4.2 Sustainability indices

1.4.3 Urban water sustainability

1.4.4 Rural water sustainability

1.5 CHALLENGES TO ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

1.5.1 Climate change

1.5.2 Urbanization

1.5.3 Other challenges

1.6 THE WAY FORWARD FOR ACHIEVING SUSTAINABILITY

1.6.1 Circular economy

1.6.2 Integral management for increased resilience

1.6.3 Adaptive planning

1.7 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2: Water quality status and challenges in India and Nepal

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 CURRENT AND FUTURE WATER QUALITY CHALLENGES IN THE INDIAN AND NEPALESE WATER SECTORS

2.2.1 Water pollution

2.2.2 Overuse and groundwater depletion

2.2.3 Intermittent supply and aged water infrastructure

2.2.4 Lack of wastewater treatment facilities

2.2.5 Climate change

2.2.6 Transboundary water issues

2.3 WATER QUALITY CRITERIA AND REGULATIONS

2.4 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER POLLUTION

2.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF WATER POLLUTION

2.6 CHALLENGES IN WATER RECLAMATION AND REUSE

2.7 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE AND THE WAY FORWARD

2.8 SUMMARY

Chapter 3: Domestic and industrial wastewater treatment: current status and challenges in India

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER POLLUTANTS

3.3 CURRENT STATUS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN INDIA

3.4 REGULATIONS AND POLICIES ON WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

3.5 SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

3.5.1 Life cycle analysis.

3.5.2 Circular economy

3.5.3 Zero liquid discharge

3.5.3.1 Chemplast Sanmar Limited

3.5.4 Pharmez Special Economic Zone (SEZ), Ahmedabad

3.6 CASE STUDIES ON WASTEWATER REUSE

3.6.1 Tertiary treatment plants to meet industrial water demand in India

3.6.1.1 Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB)

3.6.1.2 Chennai Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (CMWSSB)

3.6.1.3 Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC)

3.6.1.4 Bhandenwadi STP, Nagpur

3.6.1.5 Kodangaiyur STP, Tamil Nadu

3.6.2 Examples of Wastewater Reuse from the Global South

3.6.2.1 South Africa

3.6.2.2 Egypt

3.6.2.3 Mexico

3.6.2.4 Peru

3.7 THE WAY FORWARD

Chapter 4: Urban water infrastructure: current status and challenges in India

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 HISTORY OF WATER INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA

4.2.1 Water supply systems

4.2.2 Sewerage systems

4.2.3 Stormwater drainage systems

4.3 CURRENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES WITH WATER INFRASTRUCTURE

4.3.1 Water supply systems

4.3.2 Sewerage systems

4.3.3 Stormwater drainage systems

4.4 THE WAY FORWARD

4.4.1 Water circularity

4.4.2 Leakage reduction

4.4.3 Sustainable urban drainage systems

4.4.4 Integrated planning

4.4.5 Others

4.5 SUMMARY

Chapter 5: Designing water policy in India as adaptive governance for sustainability

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 BACKGROUND

5.3 CURRENT STATUS OF WATER GOVERNANCE IN INDIA

5.4 ADAPTIVE GOVERNANCE: FRAGMENTATION DOES NOT IMPLY BREAKDOWN

5.5 PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABILITY

Section 2: New-Age Material for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Chapter 6: Function-led design of porous organic materials for water treatment

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 CLASSIFICATION OF POROUS ORGANIC MATERIALS

6.3 DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF POPS.

6.4 ADSORPTION-BASED WATER PURIFICATION

6.5 NANOFILTRATION-BASED WATER PURIFICATION

6.6 CONCLUSION

Chapter 7: New materials for arsenic and fluoride removal

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.1.1 Arsenic and fluoride contamination

7.1.2 The current scenario in India

7.2 MATERIALS FOR ARSENIC AND FLUORIDE REMOVAL

7.2.1 Metal oxides and hydroxides

7.2.2 Biopolymers and biominerals

7.2.3 Biological origin

7.2.4 Carbon based materials

7.2.5 Biochar

7.2.6 Metal organic frameworks

7.2.7 Other technologies

7.3 EVALUATING SUSTAINABILITY INDICES OF TECHNIQUES

7.4 CONCLUSION

Chapter 8: Emerging carbon-based nanocomposites for the removal of hazardous materials

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 SYNTHESIS OF CARBON-BASED NANOMATERIALS

8.2.1 Carbon nanotubes

8.2.2 Graphene

8.2.3 Carbon nanofibres

8.3 DEVELOPMENT OF CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR WATER TREATMENT

8.4 REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS USING CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES

8.4.1 Adsorption using carbon-based nanocomposites

8.4.2 Catalysis using carbon-based nanocomposites

8.5 FUTURE PERSPECTIVE OF CARBON-BASED NANOCOMPOSITES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

8.6 CONCLUSION

Chapter 9: Bio-polymer-reinforced nanocomposites for water and wastewater treatment: applications and future prospects

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 BIOPOLYMERS AND BIOPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES

9.3 SYNTHESIS OF BIOPOLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE

9.4 APPLICATIONS OF BPNCS FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER REMEDIATION

9.4.1 BPNCs as adsorbent

9.4.2 BPNCs as photocatalysts

9.4.3 BPNCs in disinfection of water

9.4.4 Recycling and disposal of spent materials

9.5 CONCLUSION, CHALLENGES, AND THE WAY FORWARD

Chapter 10: A holistic approach to assess the toxic behaviour of emerging nanomaterials in aquatic system

10.1 INTRODUCTION.

10.2 POTENTIAL TOXICITY OF EMERGING NANOMATERIALS IN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS

10.2.1 Nanomaterials

10.2.2 Graphene-based materials

10.2.3 Metal-organic-frameworks

10.2.4 Other nanocomposites

10.3 FATE AND TOXIC EFFECT OF NANOMATERIALS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS

10.3.1 Plankton

10.3.2 Crustaceans and fish

10.3.3 Amphibians

10.4 METHODS OF TOXICITY EVALUATION IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS

10.4.1 Behavioural studies

10.4.2 Physiological studies

10.4.3 Reproduction studies

10.4.4 Mortality studies

10.4.5 Transgenerational studies

10.4.6 Bioaccumulation studies

10.4.7 Exposure to humans through the aquatic environment

10.5 TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF NANOMATERIALS

10.5.1 In vitro toxicity assessment

10.5.2 In-vivo toxicity assessment

10.5.2.1 Exposure pathways

10.5.2.2 Blood contact

10.5.2.3 Immune system response

10.5.2.4 Biodistribution and toxicokinetics

10.6 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS TOXICITY ENHANCEMENT

10.6.1 Dose-dependent toxicity

10.6.2 Size-dependent toxicity

10.6.3 Surface coating and functionalization-dependent toxicity

10.7 GREENER ALTERNATIVES TOWARDS REDUCTION OF NON-TARGET TOXICITY

10.8 CHALLENGES, FUTURE OUTLOOK, AND CONCLUSION

Section 3: New Technologies for Water and Wastewater Treatment

Chapter 11: New technologies for drinking water

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 ADSORPTION-BASED PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES

11.3 MEMBRANES

11.4 CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION

11.5 ATMOSPHERIC WATER HARVESTING

11.6 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER PURIFICATION

Chapter 12: Pulsed power technology for water and wastewater treatment

12.1 INTRODUCTION

12.2 PULSED POWER TECHNOLOGY

12.2.1 Chemical and physical effects of PPT

12.2.1.1 Oxidative species

12.2.1.2 Reductive species

12.2.1.3 Physical effects.

12.2.2 Mechanisms of PPT-based water treatment

12.2.3 Comparison of PPT with conventional AOPs

12.3 FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF PPT

12.3.1 Input energy

12.3.2 Reactor configuration

12.3.3 Solution pH

12.3.4 Gas in which discharge occurs

12.3.5 Solution conductivity

12.4 APPLICATIONS OF PPT FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

12.4.1 Organic pollutants

12.4.2 Emerging contaminants

12.4.3 Disinfection

12.5 COMPARISON OF PPT'S ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITH THAT OF OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

12.6 IMPACTS OF PPT ON OTHER WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS

12.7 INTEGRATION OF PPT WITH OTHER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

12.8 CHALLENGES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PLASMA-BASED WATER TECHNOLOGIES

12.9 SUMMARY

Chapter 13: Application of engineered natural treatment systems for pollution abatement

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 PHARMACEUTICALS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS

13.2.1 Sources and categories of PPCPs

13.2.2 Occurrence of PPCPs in various environmental matrices

13.2.3 Adverse effects of PPCPs

13.3 ENGINEERED NATURAL TREATMENT SYSTEMS

13.3.1 Constructed wetland as an ENTS

13.3.2 Types and components of constructed wetlands

13.3.3 Removal of organics, nutrients, and pathogens

13.3.4 Removal of heavy metals

13.4 FATE OF PPCPS IN ENTS AND THEIR REMOVAL MECHANISMS

13.4.1 Attenuation of PPCPs in CWs

13.4.2 The contributions of different removal mechanisms

13.5 FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF ENTS

13.5.1 Flow configurations

13.5.2 Substrate materials

13.5.3 Plant species

13.5.4 Operating conditions

13.6 CASE STUDIES FOR THE APPLICATION OF ENTS

13.6.1 Decentralized rural wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands

13.6.2 In-situ remediation of polluted lake using floating treatment wetland

13.7 SUMMARY

REFERENCES.

Chapter 14: Carbon-based filters for water and wastewater treatment.

Notes:

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Other Format:

Print version: Philip, Ligy Technological Solutions for Water Sustainability

ISBN:

9781789063714

178906371X