Reproductive Immunogenetics : Immunogenetic Factors and Signaling Pathways in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ali, Shafat.

Contributor:

U Rehman, Muneeb.

Taing, Shahnaz.

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (484 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2025.

Summary:

Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview, Vol.3, Immune Cells and Immunotherapeutics in Recurrent Miscarriage provides an overview of the scientific knowledge, achievements, and findings in the field of immunogenetics of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Contents:

Front Cover

Reproductive Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Preface

1 - Pregnancy and reproductive immunology

1. Introduction

1.1 Some problems in placental stages

1.1.1 Neonatal lupus erythematosus

1.1.2 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

2. Current understanding

3. Immunology of pregnancy

4. Barriers

4.1 Mechanical barrier

4.2 Suppression of the maternal immune system

4.3 Pregnancy is a TH2 inflammatory condition

4.4 Inflammation and pregnancy

4.5 Maternal immune system

4.6 Infection and pregnancy

5. Who is most likely to have immunologic infertility

6. Information-related immune system in pregnancy

6.1 Immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface

6.2 Autoimmune disease and reproductive immunology

6.3 Innate immunity

6.4 Innate immunity and placenta-related abnormal pregnancy

6.5 Innate immunity and infection in pregnancy

6.6 Adaptive immunity

6.7 Reproductive immunology

7. Immunological features of the nonpregnant uterus

8. Conclusion

References

Further reading

2 - Recurrent pregnancy loss: Predictors, etiology, and diagnosis

2. Genetic factors

2.1 Cytogenetic abnormalities

3. Endocrine factors

3.1 Hormonal and metabolic factors

4. Immunologic factors

4.1 Antiphospholipid syndrome

4.2 Alloimmune factors

4.3 Infection

5. Male factors

6. Psychological factors

7. Lifestyle, environmental, occupational factors

8. Treatment of recurrent miscarriage

8.1 Pre- and postimplantation therapy for the treatment of miscarriages

8.2 Treatment before pregnancy

8.3 Karyotyping and PGT

8.4 Treatment during pregnancy

8.4.1 Antiphospholipid syndrome

8.4.2 Heparin and recurrent miscarriages.

8.5 Treatment of RM patients with cervical disorders

9. Role of dexamethasone and folic acid

10. Role of progesterone in RM

11. Role of human chorionic gonadotropins hCG in RM

12. Role of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor supplementation in RM treatment

12.1 Modulation of abnormal NK cells activity by intralipids and immunoglobulin

12.1.1 Role of other immunological therapies

13. Conclusion

3 - Immunomolecular biomarkers and genetic testing of recurrent pregnancy loss

1.1 Polymerase chain reaction

1.2 Array comparative genomic hybridization

1.3 Next-generation sequencing

1.4 Microarray analysis

1.5 Epigenetic analysis

2. Genetic testing and screening methods

2.1 Karyotype analysis

2.2 Fluorescence in situ hybridization

2.3 Array-based comparative genomic hybridization

2.4 Next-generation sequencing

2.5 Genetic carrier screening

3. Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities

3.1 Karyotype analysis

3.2 Fluorescence in situ hybridization

3.3 Array-based comparative genomic hybridization

3.4 Next-generation sequencing

3.5 Cytogenomic microarray

4. Molecular biomarkers for immunological factors

4.1 Cytokines and chemokines

4.2 Natural killer cells

4.3 Autoantibodies

4.4 Regulatory T cells

4.5 Human leukocyte antigen compatibility

5. Epigenetic analysis in recurrent pregnancy loss

5.1 DNA methylation

5.2 Histone modifications

5.3 Noncoding RNAs

5.4 Genomic imprinting

5.5 Epigenome-wide association studies

6. Conclusion

4 - Unveiling recurrent pregnancy loss: Insights from molecular techniques

2. Techniques used in the study of RPL

3. Karyotyping

3.1 Uterine septum

3.2 Uterine fibroids

3.3 Adenomyosis

3.4 Cervical incompetence (CI)

3.5 Tubal occlusion.

3.6 Tubal abnormalities

3.7 Tubal dysfunction

4. Fluorescent in situ hybridization

4.1 Gene analysis

4.2 Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

4.3 Microarray analysis

4.4 Follicle-stimulating hormone testing

4.4 Tests for intrauterine circumstances

4.5 Tests for thrombophilia

4.6 Oxidative stress and oxidative biomarkers in RPL

4.7 Molecular techniques involved in top of form

4.7.1 Luteal phase dysfunction

4.8 Polycystic ovary syndrome

4.9 Methylation analysis

5. Conclusion

5 - Endocrine dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy loss

2. Epidemiology

3. Etiologies

3.1 Endocrine etiologies

3.1.1 Thyroid dysfunction and the pathogenesis of RPL

3.1.2 PCOS and disturbances of the insulin metabolism

3.1.2.1 The study conduct

3.1.3 The case-control studies

3.1.4 Role of vitamin D in RPL

3.1.5 The relationship between autoimmune disease and repeated pregnancy loss is impacted by vitamin D

4. The management and value of treatment on the endocrine dysfunction in patients with RPL

5. Diagnosis method for endocrine-related RPL

6. Summary

6 - Role of genetic and epigenetic variants in recurrent pregnancy loss

2. Factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss

3. Genetic factors

4. Chromosomal abnormalities in recurrent pregnancy loss

5. Sperm alteration

6. Gene mutations

7. Oxidative stress

8. Thrombophilic factors

9. Immunologic factors

10. Role of epigenetics of recurrent pregnancy loss

11. Conclusion

7 - Endometrial and placental dysfunction in recurrent pregnancy loss

1.1 Jenga hypothesis

1.2 Implantation checkpoint hypothesis

2. Psychological factors linked to repeated miscarriages

3. Role of endometrium in pregnancy.

4. Factors responsible for endometrial dysfunction

4.1 Anatomical defects

4.2 Chronic inflammation of the uterine lining

4.3 Abnormal immune regulation in the endometrium lining

4.4 Endometrial immune dysregulation in recurrent pregnancy loss

5. Role of placenta in endometrial dysfunction

5.1 Placental dysfunction in RPL

5.2 Placental dysfunction due to oxidative stress and its involvement in recurrent pregnancy loss

8 - Production of autoimmune antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss

2. Role of autoimmune antibodies in reproductive immunology

3. Mechanisms of autoantibody production in recurrent pregnancy loss

4. Association between autoimmune antibodies and recurrent pregnancy loss

5. Clinical management and treatment strategies for autoimmune antibody-related recurrent pregnancy loss

5.1 Diagnostic evaluation

5.2 Antiphospholipid syndrome

5.3 Thyroid autoimmunity

5.4 Other autoimmune antibodies

5.5 Multidisciplinary approach

6. Conclusion and future prospects

9 - Recurrent pregnancy loss: Immunogenetic factors, clinical implications, diagnostic approaches, and future persp ...

1.1 Disparate definition of recurrent pregnancy loss

1.2 Statistics of RPL

2. The causes and contributing variables of RPL

2.1 Age of mother

2.2 Elements of the uterus

2.3 Factors related to genetics

2.4 Hormonal diseases

2.5 Infections

2.6 Deficiency of vitamin D

2.7 Immune-related factors

2.8 The anatomical elements

2.8.1 Embryonic abnormalities

2.8.2 Lack of cervical function

2.9 Hormonal factors

2.9.1 Overproduction of prolactin

2.9.2 The masculine factor

2.10 Immunological elements

2.10.1 Antiphospholipid syndrome

2.11 Way of living.

3. Signaling pathways in immunogenetics and pregnancy loss

3.1 HLA-G in recurrent pregnancy loss

3.2 Growth factors and their role in recurrent pregnancy role

3.3 Vascular endothelial growth factors

3.4 Transforming growth factors

3.5 Recurrent pregnancy loss and Tumor Necrosis Factors

3.5.1 TNF-α and RPL risk polymorphisms

3.5.2 TNF-β polymorphisms and risk of RPL

3.6 Other cytokines and their relation with recurrent pregnancy loss

3.6.1 Interferon-Gamma

3.6.2 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

4. Clinical implications and diagnostic approaches

4.1 Immune tolerance between mother and fetus

4.2 Cytokine imbalance: Proinflammatory versus antiinflammatory

4.3 Development of the placenta and angiogenesis

4.4 Dysregulation related to cytokines

5. Diagnostic approaches

5.1 Both genetic testing and polymorphism analysis

5.2 Cytokine profiling

5.3 Functional immune testing

5.4 Biomarker identification

5.5 Partner compatibility testing

6. Future perspectives

7. Conclusion

Funding

Acknowledgments

Conflicts of interest

10 - Immunological perspectives and clinical implications of cytokines in recurrent pregnany loss

2. Immunological aspects of pregnancy

3. Cytokine classification and function in pregnancy

3.1 Proinflammatory cytokines

3.2 Antiinflammatory cytokines

4. Cytokine imbalance in recurrent pregnancy loss

4.1 Shift toward proinflammatory cytokines

4.2 Lower levels of antiinflammatory cytokines

5. Mechanisms of cytokine imbalance in RPL

5.1 Th1/Th2 imbalance hypothesis

5.2 Th17/Treg imbalance

5.3 NK cells and cytokine production

6. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and RPL

7. Clinical implications and biomarker potential

7.1 Cytokines as biomarkers

7.2 Therapeutic strategies

8. Conclusion.

References.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-443-13618-1

OCLC:

1526864206