Intelligence in a Physical World.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Goh, Joshua.

Contributor:

Federmeier, Kara D.

Series:

Psychology of Learning and Motivation Series

Psychology of Learning and Motivation Series ; v.Volume 82

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (329 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chantilly : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2025.

Summary:

Volume 82 in The Psychology of Learning and Motivation series, the latest release in this ongoing series, features empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning, to complex learning and problem-solving. Chapters in this new release include the genetic and neuronal basis of animal architecture, adopting whole-brain computational modeling to investigate neurophysiological features, Dynamical and robotic modeling of brain motivational and decision-making systems, Attention and consciousness are one and the same, Hierarchical processing in the brain: Insights from predictive coding and its neural signatures, and much more. Additional sections cover Scratching the itch of "not knowing": Non-instrumental information-seeking in humans, How do emotions move us? Emotional influence can occur by changing perceivers' feelings, bodies, and inferences, Cultural bodybuilding: the embodied influence of culture on perception and action, and Beyond dyadic interaction and shared experience: rethinking social connections.

Contents:

Front Cover

Series Page

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Chapter One: The genetic and neuronal basis of animal architecture

1 Introduction

2 The architecture of the spider orb-web

2.1 Introduction

2.2 The orb web is assembled in definable stages of construction

2.3 A definable catalog of behaviors are employed during web-building

2.4 The orb web is a physical record of unique behavioral modules

2.5 A Hierarchical hidden Markov model (HHMM) is sufficient to model web-modules as behavioral-modules

2.6 Drug perturbation alters specific phases of web-building

2.7 Summary

3 Distinct genetic loci influence distinct burrow-building behaviors in Peromyscus

3.1 Introduction to Peromyscus bower-building

3.2 Burrow behavioral quantification

3.3 Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis of specific burrow-building behaviors

3.4 Summary

4 The repeated evolution of bower-building in Cichlid fish

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Bower-building quantification

4.3 Distinct genes and linkage groups contribute to bower-building

4.4 Differences in bower construction are associated with specific neuronal populations

4.5 Summary

5 Conclusion

References

Chapter Two: Understanding the layered brain architecture for motivation: Dynamical systems, computational neuroscience, and robotic approaches

1.1 Normative and mechanistic approaches to motivation

1.2 Structure of this chapter

2 Key ideas and debates

2.1 Behavior systems

2.2 Distributed and localized conflict resolution

2.3 Hierarchical systems and layered architectures

2.3.1 Constraint closure

3 The layered brain architecture for motivation

3.1 Brainstem sub-systems

3.2 Diencephalic sub-systems

3.3 Telencephalic systems.

3.4 The layered brain architecture for motivation

3.5 Summary

4 Modeling motivational systems

4.1 Dynamical systems models

4.1.1 Transitions and oscillations

4.1.2 Timescales and energy

4.1.3 An exemplar dynamical systems model

4.1.4 Types of behavioral transition

4.2 Modeling the brain substrates of motivation

4.2.1 Brainstem models

4.2.2 Diencephalic models

4.2.3 Telencephalic models

4.2.4 Modeling the layered brain architecture for motivation

4.3 Embodied (robotic) models

4.4 Summary

5 Discussion

Acknowledgments

Chapter Three: Adopting whole-brain computational modelling to investigate neurophysiological features associated with cognition

1.1 Objectives

2 A brief introduction to whole-brain modelling

2.1 The development of neural modelling

2.2 What type of model to use?

3 Building a whole-brain model

3.1 Brain parcellation

3.2 Structural connectivity

3.3 Population model

3.4 Parameter estimation

3.5 Software choices

4 Outstanding questions on cognition-related neurophysiological features

4.1 Neuromodulation

4.2 The cerebrovascular system

4.3 Astrocytes

4.4 Non-invasive brain stimulation

5 The role of modelling within the scientific process

6 Summary

Chapter Four: Hierarchical predictive processing in the brain: Predictive coding and its neural signatures

2 Hierarchical predictive coding

3 "What" prediction

3.1 Prediction-error signals

3.2 Prediction signals

3.3 Disentangle prediction and prediction-error signals

3.4 Across functional hierarchies

3.5 A quantitative model of hierarchical predictive coding

3.6 Across sensory modalities

4 "When" prediction

4.1 Event offset (duration)

4.2 Event onset

4.3 Across functional hierarchies

5 Diseases.

5.1 Schizophrenia

5.2 Autism spectrum disorder

6 Conclusion

Chapter Five: Attention and consciousness are one and the same

2 General framework

3 Empirical evidence

3.1 Consciousness without attention

3.2 Attention without consciousness

4 Explaining "unconscious attention"

4.1 Conscious fragmentation through feature-selective suppression

4.2 Perceptual conflation

5 Consequences of equivalence

6 Concluding remarks

Chapter Six: Fluency shapes evaluations: Feelings, interpretations, expectations, and goals

2 Formative features: content matters in how we form evaluations

3 Easy peasy lemon squeezy: the role of processing dynamics in evaluations

4 The varieties of fluency

5 The cognitive origins of fluency research

6 It is good to be easy on the mind: the idea of hedonic fluency

7 I knew it was coming! The impact of stimulus expectations on fluency

8 Wow, that was surprisingly easy! The role of expectations about fluency

9 What does it mean? "Naïve" theories about mental and physical effort

10 What do I want? Fluency and the role of epistemic goals

11 I (don't) want to know: non-directional goals to seek vs. avoid certainty

12 I want it my way: directional goals to seek desirable outcomes

13 All together now: interplay between different epistemic goals and fluency

14 Conclusion

Chapter Seven: Cultural bodybuilding: The embodied influence of culture on perception and action

2 Tension points between queer theory and biological/cognitive sciences

2.1 What queer theory allows and its limitations

2.1.1 Queering empirical methods

2.1.2 Distance to the biological/material

2.2 What biological sciences allow and their limitations

3 Culture and perception.

3.1 Categories in the world

3.2 Perception shaped by categories

3.2.1 Common social perception

Meaning assigned

Narratives

Internal perception of bodies shaped by social categories

3.3 Culture and practice

3.3.1 Common social practices

3.3.2 Common social practices

3.3.3 Learned abilities

3.4 Effects of bodies on perception

3.4.1 Available affordances

3.4.2 Meaning making from embodied existence

3.4.3 Extensive minds

4 Gender as a case study

4.1 Embodied gender

4.1.1 Sex/gender hypothesis

4.1.2 Neurological basis for gender

4.1.3 Crafted cultural practices of gender

4.2 Gender in culture

4.2.1 The heteronormative matrix

4.2.2 Hierarchy and hegemony

4.3 Previous and current waves of change

4.3.1 Traditional gender roles/binarity

4.3.2 Sexual revolution, women empowerment and feminism

4.3.3 Increased technological improvement and access to sub-cultures

4.3.4 LGBTQ rights

4.3.5 Non-binarity and deconstruction of the matrix

4.4 The case of disruption

Further reading

Chapter Eight: Beyond dyadic interaction and shared experience: Rethinking social connections

1 The need for social connection is fundamental for human beings

2 The need for social connection drives us to connect with others

2.1 Face-to-face interaction

2.2 Online interaction

2.3 Shared experience serves as a key component in establishing social connection

2.4 Shared social contexts may trigger shared experiences

3 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown as a shared social context

3.1 Examining synchrony in spontaneous facial behaviors during pandemic lockdown

4 Parasocial interactions as compensation for social connection during pandemic lockdown

4.1 Social isolation strengthens the link between intersubject similarity in fantasy and similarity in affective appraisal.

4.1.1 Exploring the role of fantasy in affective experience during pandemic isolation from our preliminary results

4.1.2 Intersubject similarity in fantasy maps onto similarity in affective appraisals

4.1.3 Social isolation enhances the association between intersubject similarity in fantasy and similarity in affective appraisals

4.1.4 Summary of our preliminary findings

6 Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process

Acknowledgment

Back Cover.

Notes:

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780443314285

OCLC:

1527724252