The Causal Effects of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure on COVID-19 in India / Takahiro Yamada.

Format:

Book

Government document

Author/Creator:

Yamada, Takahiro.

Contributor:

Mani, Muthukumara.

Yamada, Hiroyuki.

Series:

Policy research working papers.

World Bank e-Library.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Air Quality and Clean Air.

Ambient Air Pollution.

Coronavirus.

COVID-19.

Disease Control and Prevention.

Environment.

Health, Nutrition and Population.

Instrumental Variables.

Pandemic Impact.

Particulate Matter.

Pollution Management and Control.

Thermal Inversion.

Local Subjects:

Air Quality and Clean Air.

Ambient Air Pollution.

Coronavirus.

COVID-19.

Disease Control and Prevention.

Environment.

Health, Nutrition and Population.

Instrumental Variables.

Pandemic Impact.

Particulate Matter.

Pollution Management and Control.

Thermal Inversion.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (38 pages)

Place of Publication:

Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2021.

System Details:

data file

Summary:

This study investigates the causal effects of long-term particulate matter 2.5 exposure on COVID-19 deaths, fatality rates, and cases in India by using an instrumental variables approach based on thermal inversion episodes. The estimation results indicate that a 1 percent increase in long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 leads to an increase in COVID-19 deaths by 5.7 percentage points and an increase in the COVID-19 fatality rate by 0.027 percentage point, but this exposure is not necessarily correlated with COVID-19 cases. People with underlying health conditions such as respiratory illness caused by exposure to air pollution might have a higher risk of death following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This finding might also apply to other countries where high levels of air pollution are a critical issue for development and public health.