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A Reappraisal of the Migration-Development Nexus : Testing the Robustness of the Migration Transition Hypothesis / Nicolas Berthiaume.
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (formerly "World Bank E-Library Publications") Available online
View online- Format:
- Book
- Government document
- Author/Creator:
- Berthiaume, Nicolas.
- Series:
- Policy research working papers.
- World Bank e-Library.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Economic Development.
- Gravity Model.
- International Migration.
- Labor Market.
- Migration Flow.
- Migration Hump.
- Poverty Reduction.
- Trade and Investment.
- Local Subjects:
- Economic Development.
- Gravity Model.
- International Migration.
- Labor Market.
- Migration Flow.
- Migration Hump.
- Poverty Reduction.
- Trade and Investment.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (40 pages)
- Other Title:
- Reappraisal of the Migration-Development Nexus
- A Reappraisal of the Migration-Development Nexus
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2021.
- System Details:
- data file
- Summary:
- This paper tests the migration transition hypothesis that emigration flows first increase and later decrease with a country's economic development. Using a migration version of the gravity model, this hypothesis is tested on a global panel data set comprising 180 origin and destination countries and a 50-year timeframe (1970-2020). This is the most extensive panel data set used so far to test the migration transition hypothesis. The results confirm the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between development and emigration within a cross-country panel setting. Nevertheless, the migration hump cannot be interpreted as a causal relationship: for a given low-income country, an increase in economic development is not found to lead to higher emigration. For a subsample of 44 countries that have transitioned from low-income to middle-income status, emigration has rather declined with economic development. The migration transition hypothesis is therefore unfounded. Instead, the migration hump appears to be driven by an underlying cross-sectional pattern that cannot be fully controlled: middle-income countries tend to exhibit higher emigration rates than low- or high-income countries. The findings of this paper have important policy implications: development programs can simultaneously promote economic development and reduce emigration.
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