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Protectionism and Gender Inequality in Developing Countries / Erhan Artuc.
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (formerly "World Bank E-Library Publications") Available online
View online- Format:
- Book
- Government document
- Author/Creator:
- Artuc, Erhan.
- Series:
- Policy research working papers.
- World Bank e-Library.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Gender.
- Gender and Development.
- Gender and Economics.
- Gender Inequality.
- Globalization.
- Globalization and Financial Integration.
- International Economics and Trade.
- International Trade.
- International Trade and Trade Rules.
- Poverty.
- Tariffs.
- Trade Policy.
- Local Subjects:
- Gender.
- Gender and Development.
- Gender and Economics.
- Gender Inequality.
- Globalization.
- Globalization and Financial Integration.
- International Economics and Trade.
- International Trade.
- International Trade and Trade Rules.
- Poverty.
- Tariffs.
- Trade Policy.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (38 pages)
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2021.
- System Details:
- data file
- Summary:
- How do tariffs impact gender inequality? Using harmonized household survey and tariff data from 54 low- and middle-income countries, this paper shows that protectionism has an anti-female bias. On average, tariffs repress the real incomes of female headed households by 0.6 percentage points relative to that of male headed ones. Female headed households bear the brunt of tariffs because they derive a smaller share of their income from and spend a larger share of their budget on agricultural products, which are usually subject to high tariffs in developing countries. Consistent with this explanation, the anti-female bias is stronger in countries where female-headed households are underrepresented in agricultural production, are more reliant on remittances, and spend a larger share of their budgets on food than male-headed ones.
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