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China : Social Analysis of Heating Reforms in Liaoning Province.
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (formerly "World Bank E-Library Publications") Available online
View online- Format:
- Book
- Government document
- Author/Creator:
- World Bank.
- Series:
- Social Analysis
- World Bank e-Library.
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Air Pollution.
- Air Quality.
- Capacity Building.
- Cities.
- Coal.
- Communities.
- Cooking.
- Economic Development.
- Electricity.
- Energy.
- Energy Consumption.
- Energy Efficiency.
- Heating.
- Home Ownership.
- Housing.
- Housing & Human Habitats.
- Power & Energy Conversion.
- Social analysis.
- Social Development.
- Temperature.
- Urban Areas.
- Urban Development.
- Urban Environment.
- Urban Poverty.
- Local Subjects:
- Air Pollution.
- Air Quality.
- Capacity Building.
- Cities.
- Coal.
- Communities.
- Cooking.
- Economic Development.
- Electricity.
- Energy.
- Energy Consumption.
- Energy Efficiency.
- Heating.
- Home Ownership.
- Housing.
- Housing & Human Habitats.
- Power & Energy Conversion.
- Social analysis.
- Social Development.
- Temperature.
- Urban Areas.
- Urban Development.
- Urban Environment.
- Urban Poverty.
- Other Title:
- China
- Place of Publication:
- Washington, D.C. : The World Bank, 2009.
- System Details:
- data file
- Summary:
- Urban heating demand in Liaoning has grown rapidly, due to rising incomes, housing sector growth, and privatization of housing. During the past decade, demand increased at an annual growth rate of 14 percent. Heating supply has been unable to keep pace with this surging demand. Small coal-fired boilers continue to provide the bulk of heating services in most cities, and the capacity to expand the district heating system while maintaining satisfactory service has been constrained by low energy efficiency. Additionally, the use of small coal-fired boilers has been considered a major source of air pollution problems during winter months in many cities. The main purpose of the social analysis report is to present the findings of this household survey. The survey focuses on the impact of changes in billing and pricing, heating quality, the extent of social assistance programs for heating, and the extent of public awareness of heating reforms.
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