Neutron Imaging : From Applied Materials Science to Industry / edited by Markus Strobl and Eberhard Lehmann.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Strobl, Markus, editor.

Lehmann, Eberhard, editor.

Series:

IOP Ebooks Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Imaging systems.

Neutron radiography.

Radiography, Industrial.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (472 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Bristol, England : IOP Publishing, [2024]

Summary:

This book introduces neutron imaging with a focus on its applications in academic and industrial applied materials science to provide an inspiring overview of the potential of the method.

Contents:

Intro

Editor biographies

Markus Strobl

Eberhard H Lehmann

List of contributors

Chapter History and basics of neutron imaging

1.1 First neutron images

1.2 Basics: the neutron

1.3 Context of neutron imaging

1.3.1 Neutron scattering

1.3.2 Complementarity to other imaging methods

1.3.3 In situ combinations with other (imaging) methods

References

Chapter State-of-the-art

2.1 State-of-the-art resolution

2.2 Applied contrast modalities

2.2.1 Conventional attenuation contrast

2.2.2 Diffraction contrast

2.2.3 Inelastic scattering contrast

2.2.4 Phase contrast

2.2.5 Dark-field contrast (small-angle scattering contrast)

2.2.6 De/polarization contrast

2.2.7 Resonance absorption contrast

2.3 Scattering imaging: scanning, gauging, 3DND-principles

Chapter Construction materials

3.1 Cement-based materials

3.1.1 Cement-based materials in hardened state

3.1.2 Early age cement-based materials

3.1.3 Reinforced concrete

3.2 Other construction materials

3.2.1 Masonry and other porous construction materials

3.2.2 Bitumens and asphalts

Chapter Nuclear materials

4.1 Nuclear fuels

4.1.1 Fresh fuel elements

4.1.2 Post-irradiation examinations

4.1.3 Fuel enrichment and isotopic distribution

4.2 Structural materials for nuclear applications

4.2.1 Zirconium alloys

4.2.2 Oxidation-hydrogen uptake mechanism

4.2.3 Kinetics of hydrogen uptake and diffusion, in situ investigations

4.2.4 High-resolution neutron imaging, HR-NI

4.2.5 Improvement of hydrogen quantification sensitivity

4.2.6 The characterization of irradiated Zr-claddings

4.2.7 Characterization of Zr microstructure and texture with neutron imaging

4.2.8 Effect of microstructure on the diffusion of hydrogen.

4.2.9 Influence of stress on hydrogen diffusion and hydrides precipitation

4.2.10 Delayed hydride cracking

4.2.11 Other structural materials

4.3 Reactor cooling and safety

4.4 Nuclear waste studies

Chapter Engineering

5.1 Hydrogen uptake in steels

5.2 Adhesive connections

5.3 Cracks in engineering components

5.4 Internal channels and complex structures

5.5 Deformation tests

5.6 Unveiling phases by advanced neutron imaging

5.7 Residual strains in engineering components

5.8 Crystallographic texture

Chapter Manufacturing

6.1 Soldering-brazing

6.2 Welding

6.3 Additive manufacturing

6.3.1 Imaging crystal structures

6.3.2 Imaging strain

6.3.3 Imaging defects

6.3.4 Imaging crystallographic texture

6.4 Single crystals and oligocrystals

6.5 Cold forming processes and tribological manufacturing methods

6.6 Sintered powders

6.7 Liquid metals

Chapter Processes in soil and plants

7.1 Water

7.2 Vadose zone hydrology

7.2.1 Static quantification of soil water content and soil organic matter

7.2.2 Flow and transport in porous media

7.2.3 Evaporation

7.2.4 Undisturbed and structured soils

7.3 Rhizosphere water dynamics

7.3.1 Root water uptake and flow in plants

7.3.2 Root growth and nutrition or pollution transport

7.3.3 Water dynamics in the shoot system and transpiration

Chapter Neutron imaging and wood

8.1 Neutron imaging and wood-theoretical considerations

8.2 Wood structure

8.3 Wood and adhesives

8.4 Wood and water

8.4.1 Determination of moisture content

8.4.2 Methods for determination of moisture content

8.4.3 Neutron imaging as a non-destructive testing method for the localization and quantification of wood moisture contents

8.5 Wood modification.

8.6 Wooden cultural heritage

Chapter Geology

9.1 Characterization of geomaterials

9.2 Dynamic processes in geomaterials

9.2.1 Rock hydrology and solute transport

9.2.2 Mechanics

9.2.3 Hydro-thermo-chemo-mechanically coupled processes

9.3 Outlook

Chapter Fuel cells and electrolysers

10.1 Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs)

10.1.1 PEFC basics

10.1.2 Water in gas flow channels

10.1.3 Water in porous media

10.1.4 Distinction of liquid water and ice

10.2 Polymer electrolyte water electrolyzers (PEWEs)

10.2.1 PEWE basics

10.2.2 Water/gas distribution in flow channels

10.2.3 Water/gas distribution in porous media

10.2.4 Cation contamination

10.3 Solide oxide cells (SOC)

10.3.1 SOC basics

10.3.2 Redox behaviour of NiO-YSZ SOC anodes

Chapter Batteries

11.1 Visualization of lithium distribution in different battery technologies

11.1.1 Lithium plating

11.1.2 Lithium distribution in lithium-air batteries

11.1.3 Lithium distribution in intercalation materials

11.1.4 Li concentration in electrolytes

11.2 Mapping lithiation phases

11.3 Distribution and properties of the electrolyte

11.3.1 Dynamics of electrolyte filling of Li-ion batteries

11.3.2 Physico-chemical properties of electrolytes

Chapter Hydrogen economy

12.1 Hydrogen storage

12.1.1 Hydrogen storage in metal hydrides

12.1.2 Upscaling of metal hydride storage tanks

12.1.3 Hydrogen storage in porous media

12.1.4 Hydrogen in thin films

12.2 Catalysis

12.2.1 Elementary reactions on hydrogenation catalysts

12.2.2 Mass transport in catalysts and reactors

Chapter Magnetism

13.1 Soft magnetic materials

13.2 Ferromagnetic phase transitions

13.3 Superconductors and Skyrmion systems.

13.4 Macroscopic magnetic fields and devices

Chapter Soft matter

14.1 Foams

14.1.1 Polymere foaming

14.1.2 Aqueous foams

14.2 Gels

14.3 Food

14.4 Physical chemistry and rheology

Chapter Cultural heritage

15.1 Historic artworks

15.1.1 Studies about bronze artefacts from the Roman period, found in parts of Switzerland

15.1.2 Tomography studies of renaissance bronzes from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, the Netherlands

15.1.3 Observation of the hidden content of Buddhist sacral figures of Tibetan origin

15.1.4 Preliminary studies about the casting methods in Southern India Chola bronze statues

15.2 Historic weapons

15.2.1 Neutron imaging capability to reveal morphological and microstructural features in iron and steel historical artefacts

15.2.2 The Swiss Degen-combining x-ray and neutron tomography data for the investigation of a mixed-material object

15.3 Relics and human bones

Chapter Natural heritage

16.1 Fossils

16.2 Dendrochronology

16.3 Meteorites

16.4 Gemmology

Chapter Conservation

17.1 Neutron imaging as a tool in conservation work

17.2 Block excavations of find objects

17.3 The gladius from Vindonissa

17.4 The 'violinist' from P Gargallo

17.5 Wood conservation

17.6 Stone conservation/consolidants

17.7 Paintings-monitoring of moisture content changes in canvas

17.8 Brass wind instruments-handling of historical objects

17.9 Appraisal of the effectivity of conservation treatment

Chapter Industry

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Automotive

18.2.1 Fuel injection

18.2.2 Carburetors

18.2.3 Particulate filters

18.2.4 Electric motors

18.3 Lubrication

18.4 Pharmaceutical industry

18.5 Aerospace

18.5.1 Aircraft structures

18.5.2 Turbine blade inspection.

18.5.3 Inspection of initiators for aerospace mission

18.6 Ceramics

18.7 Bonding

18.7.1 Adhesive connections

18.7.2 Brazing, soldering

18.7.3 Welding

18.8 Additional topics with relevance for industry

18.9 Summary and conclusions

Chapter Instruments and methods

19.1 Instruments at continuous and pulsed sources

19.2 Instruments with cold/thermal/fast neutrons

19.2.1 Thermal neutron imaging beamlines

19.2.2 Cold neutron imaging beamlines

19.3 Detector technology

19.4 Monochromatization

19.4.1 Velocity selectors

19.4.2 Crystal monochromators

19.5 The time-of-flight technique

19.5.1 ToF at short pulse sources

19.5.2 ToF at long pulse sources

19.5.3 ToF at continuous sources

19.6 Polarization

19.7 Beam modulation techniques for differential phase and dark-field imaging

19.7.1 Talbot-Lau interferometer

19.7.2 Far-field interferometer

19.7.3 Single grating

19.7.4 Spin-echo modulation

19.8 Complementary x-ray installation

19.9 Diffraction detectors

19.10 Infrastructure

19.10.1 Instrument

19.10.2 Sample environment

19.10.3 Safety

Chapter Image processing and software

20.1 Typical image processing workflows

20.1.1 Normalization

20.1.2 Noise and artefact reduction

20.1.3 Tomography reconstruction

20.1.4 Experiment specific analysis

20.2 Computed tomography

20.2.1 Iterative reconstruction techniques

20.2.2 Time series tomography

20.2.3 Tomography with limited data

20.3 Image artefacts

20.3.1 Noise in neutron images

20.3.2 Spots

20.3.3 Rings

20.3.4 Scattering and beam hardening

20.3.5 Detector lag

20.3.6 Motion artefacts

20.3.7 Errors introduced by incorrect geometry calibration

20.3.8 Beam divergence

20.4 Analyzing neutron images and modelling

20.4.1 Visual analysis.

20.4.2 Interpreting the grey levels.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Strobl, Markus Neutron Imaging

ISBN:

9780750344920

OCLC:

1437528482