The essential guide to alkaloids / edited by Deepak Kumar Semwal.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Semwal, Deepak Kumar, editor.

Series:

Chemistry research and applications series.

Chemistry Research and Applications Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Alkaloids--Therapeutic use.

Alkaloids.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (258 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

New York : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., [2023]

Summary:

"This book is based on general information about alkaloids, their applications, and the chemistry of some natural and synthetic alkaloids. The contents are divided into a total of nine chapters contributed by different subject experts. The first chapter describes introductory knowledge and pharmaceutical perspectives of alkaloids. This section reports the different classification methods of alkaloids for better understanding. In addition, various extraction methods and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids are also included in this chapter. The second chapter is based on chemical aspects and therapeutic uses of tropane alkaloids. This section covers structural variations, pharmaceutical uses and biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. Different uses of alkaloids in traditional medicine are described in the third chapter, which is based on scientific and historical evidence. The fourth chapter discusses alkaloids of the genus Solanum such as solamargine, solasonine, tomatidine and kukoamines. Catharanthus roseus, a well-known alkaloid-rich herb is covered in the fifth chapter with its key alkaloids like vinblastine and vincristine. The sixth chapter examines a bromopyrrole alkaloid namely stevensine which is naturally found in marine sponges. The seventh chapter focused on alkaloids derived from the Tinospora cordifolia, their structure and function and biosynthesis. Theophylline, a dimethylxanthine alkaloid with therapeutical properties is covered in the eighth chapter. This chapter also describes the applications of theophylline as a bronchodilator, immunomodulator and antiviral which make it an interesting candidate against coronaviruses. In addition to their medicinal properties, alkaloids are also useful as pesticides to protect plants from different pathogens and pests. These applications are included in the ninth chapter with the main emphasis on their unique properties such as being safer for the environment, easily degradable and low toxicity as compared to synthetic pesticides"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Chapter 1

Alkaloids: Introductory Knowledge and Pharmaceutical Perspectives

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Classification of Alkaloids

2.1. Classification Based on Chemical Nature and Structure

2.1.1. Heterocyclic Alkaloids

2.1.2. Non-Heterocyclic Alkaloids

2.2. Classification Based on Nature or Basicity

2.3. Classification Based on Hegnauer's Method

2.3.1. True Alkaloids

2.3.2. Proto Alkaloids

2.3.3. Pseudo Alkaloids

2.4. Classification Based on Pharmacological Action

2.5. Classification Based on Biosynthesis Pathway

2.6. Classification Based on Taxonomical Origin

3. Identification Tests for Alkaloids

4. Techniques of Extraction and Purification

4.1. Mechanical Methods of Extraction

4.1.1. Precautions to Be Taken During Extraction Processes

4.2. Extraction with Solvents

5. Classifications of Extraction Processes

5.1. Hot and Cold Extraction

5.2. Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Extractions

5.2.1. Maceration

5.2.2. Percolation

5.2.3. Digestion

5.2.4. Infusion

5.2.5. Decoction

5.3. Extraction with Reflexion

5.4. Pressurized Liquid Extraction

5.5. Soxhlet Extraction

5.6. Supercritical Fluid Extraction

5.7. Ultrasonic Extraction

5.8. Microwave-Assisted Extraction

5.9. Solid-Phase Extraction

5.10. Sequential and selective extraction

6. Drying of Extract

6.1. Application of Heat

6.2. Rotary Evaporator

6.3. Freeze Drying

7. Pharmaceutical Applications of Alkaloids

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

Tropane Alkaloids: Chemical Aspects and Recent Therapeutic Developments

2. General Aspects

3. Tropanes of Plant Origin and their Traditional Medicinal Applications

4. Modern Pharmacology of Tropane Derivatives.

5. Pharmacology of TAs and their Role as Drug-Lead Substances

5.1. Scopolamine and Other Drugs

5.2. Cocaine Derived Drugs

6. Important Candidates

7. Tropane-Derived Drugs in Contemporary Pharmaceutical Industry

Chapter 3

The Use of Alkaloids in Traditional Medicine

2. Alkaloids as Medicines: Scientific and Historical Evidence

3. Plant-Derived Alkaloids and Their Therapeutic Activities

3.1. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity

3.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity

3.3. Antioxidant Activity

3.4. Anti-Neurodegenerative Activity

3.5. Anti-Coronavirus Activity

4. Utilization of Alkaloids in Current Medicine

5. Promising Plant-Derived Alkaloids

5.1. Tetrahydropalmatine

5.2. Aloperine

5.3. Tetrandrine

5.4. Sinomenine

5.5. Oxymatrine

5.6. Galantamine

5.7. Berberine

5.8. Harmine

6. Biological Roles and Bioanalytical Aspects

Chapter 4

Alkaloids from the Solanum Genus: An Overview

2. Solanum Alkaloids: A General Overview

2.1. Steroidals Alkaloids and Steroidals Glycoalkaloids

2.1.1. Solasodine Type Alkaloids

2.1.1.1. Solasonine and Solamargine

2.1.1.2. Solasodine

2.1.2. Tomatidine Type Alkaloids

2.2. Spermine and Spermidine Cinnamic Acid Derivatives (Kukoamines and Allies)

2.2.1. Kukoamines

2.2.1.1. Kukuaminas A and B

Chapter 5

Catharanthus roseus L. (Apocynaceae): An Alkaloid-Rich Herb with Diverse Pharmacological Activities

2. Clinical Pharmacology

2.1. Vincristine

2.2. Vinblastine

2.3. Modes of Action of Vinblastine and Vincristine

Chapter 6

Stevensine: A Bromopyrrole Alkaloid from Marine Sponges

1. Introduction.

2. Biological Source and Isolation of Stevensine

3. Synthesis of Stevensine

4. Pharmacological Activities of Stevensine

4.1. Protein Kinase Inhibitory Activity

4.2. Neurological Activity

4.3. Antitubercular Activity

4.4. Anti-Cancer and Cytotoxic Activities

4.5. Anti-Microbial Activity

4.6. Antimalarial Activity

4.7. Anti-Protozoal Activity

4.8. Anti-Inflammatory Activity

4.9. Anti-HIV Activity

Chapter 7

Bioactive Alkaloids from Tinospora cordifolia

2. Major Classes of Bioactive Plant Secondary Metabolites

2.1. Terpenes

2.2. Phenolics

2.3. Alkaloids

2.3.4. Classification of Alkaloids

2.3.5. Distribution and Biological Activity of Alkaloids

3. Bioactive Phytoconstituents from Tinospora cordifolia

3.1. Bioactive Alkaloids from Tinospora cordifolia

3.1.1. Berberine

3.1.1.1. Anti-Oxidant Activity

3.1.1.2. Anti-Cancer Activity

3.1.1.3. Hepatoprotective and Neuroprotective Activities

3.1.2. Magnoflorine

3.1.2.1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity

3.1.2.2. Antifungal Activity

3.1.2.3. Anticancer Activity

3.1.3. Palmatine

3.1.3.1. Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities

3.1.3.2. Neuroprotective Activity

3.1.3.3. Anti-Cancer Activity

3.1.4. Tembetarine

3.1.5. Jatrorrhizine

3.1.5.1. Anti-Diabetic Activity

3.1.5.2. Anti-Microbial and Anti-Protozoal Activities

Conclusion and Future Scope

Chapter 8

Theophylline: A Bioactive Dimethylxanthine Alkaloid

2. History, Chemistry, Source and Therapeutic Uses

2.1. History

2.2. Chemistry

2.3. Source

2.4. Therapeutic Uses of Theophylline

3. Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

3.1. Pharmacodynamics.

3.2. Pharmacokinetics

4. Drug Interaction

5. Spectroscopic Characterisation

6. Effect of Theophylline on Various Systems

6.1. Effect on Bronchial System

6.2. Effect on COVID-19

6.3. Effect on the Cardiovascular System

6.4. Effect on Renal System

6.5. Effect on Adipose Tissue

7. Adverse Effects/Toxicity

8. Uses under Investigation

Chapter 9

Alkaloids as Botanical Pesticides for Plants Protection

2. Pesticidal Activities of Alkaloids

2.1. Insecticidal Activity

2.2. Nematicidal Activity

2.3. Anti-Fungal Activity

2.4. Herbicidal and Phytotoxic Activities

Index

About the Editor

Blank Page.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Semwal, Deepak Kumar The Essential Guide to Alkaloids

ISBN:

9798886975260

OCLC:

1354885256