Understanding and managing hyperthyroidism / edited by K. Poongkodi.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Poongkodi, K., editor.

Series:

Endocrinology Research and Clinical Developments Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Hyperthyroidism.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (242 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

New York, New York : Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, [2023]

Summary:

"This book is a must-read for the comprehensive understanding of all aspects of Hyperthyroidism and is a useful practical guide in decision making in the management of hyperthyroidism as it throws light on all modalities of treatment such as medical, nuclear medicine and surgery including, minimally invasive surgery"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1

Introduction to Hyperthyroidism

Abstract

1. Introduction

1.1. Historical Perspective

2. Embryology of the Thyroid Gland

3. Surgical Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland

4. Thyroid Physiology

4.1. Hypothalamo-Pituitary Thyroid (HPT) Axis

4.2. Thyroid Follicle

4.3. Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion

4.4. Thyroid Hormone Transport and Metabolism

4.5. Peripheral Conversion of T4 to T3

4.6. Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones

5. Overt and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2

The Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis of Graves' Disease

2. Epidemiology of Graves' Disease

2.1. Clinical Manifestations

2.2. Epidemiological Data

3. Etiopathogenesis of Graves' Disease

3.1. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones

3.2. Pathogenic Mechanisms in the Development of Graves' Disease

4. Risk Factors in the Development of Graves' Disease

4.1. Genetic Factors

4.1.1. Immunomodulatory Genes

4.1.2. Thyroid-Specific Genes

4.2. Endogenous and Environmental Risk Factors

Chapter 3

The Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Toxic Multinodular Goiter, Toxic Thyroid Adenoma, and Other Autonomous Causes of Hyperthyroidism

1.1. Diagnosis of Thyroid Autonomy

2. Epidemiology

3. Pathophysiology

3.1. Hyperplastic Growth to Nodular Transformation

3.2. What Drives Thyroid Autonomy - The Transformation to Hot Thyroid Nodules?

3.3. Is Thyroid Autonomy Synonymous with Benign Thyroid Disease?

Chapter 4

Organ System Manifestations of Hyperthyroidism

2. Cardiovascular System

3. Kidney

4. Neuropsychiatric.

5. Central Nervous System

6. Gastrointestinal System

7. Respiratory System

8. Skin

9. Eyes

10. Hematologic

11. Genito-Urinary System

12. Metabolism and Endocrine System

13. Thymus

Chapter 5

The Evaluation of Patients with Hyperthyroidism

Introduction

1. Clinical Assessment

1.1. Clinical Clues

1.2. Disease Severity

2. Biochemical Evaluation

2.1. Thyroid Hormones

2.2. Thyroid Antibodies

2.3. Ancillary Tests

3. Etiological Diagnosis

3.1. Nuclear Imaging

3.2. Ultrasonography

3.3. Histopathology

4. Diagnostic Approach

5. Diagnostic Pitfalls

Chapter 6

Subclinical Hyperthyroidism and Its Management

2. Prevalence of Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

3. Causes of Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

4. Clinical Consequences of Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

4.1. Progression to Overt Hyperthyroidism

4.2. Cardiovascular Effects

4.3. Bone Loss

4.4. Dementia

5. Evaluation

6. Treatment

Chapter 7

Medical Management of Hyperthyroidism

Classification of Thyroid Inhibitors

Thionamides or Antithyroid Drugs (ATD)

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics

Adverse Effects

Clinical Uses

Iodine and Iodides

Radioactive Iodine

Iodinated Oral Cholecystography Agents

Anion Inhibitors

Beta Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents

Lithium Carbonate

Glucocorticoids

Cholestyramine

Future Therapies

Rituximab

Novel Therapies Targeting Thyrotropin Receptors

Thyrotropin Receptor Monoclonal Antibodies

Small-Molecule Ligands Binding to TSH

Chapter 8

The Role of Nuclear Medicine in the Assessment and Management of Hyperthyroidism

1. Introduction.

1.1. Hyperthyroidism: Definition and Etiology

2. Pathophysiology of Hyperthyroidism

3. Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Presentation

4. Radiopharmaceutical Principles and Instrumentation

4.1. Radiopharmaceuticals

4.1.1. Technetium-99m

4.1.1.1. Measurement of Technetium-99m Uptake (Using a Gamma Camera)

4.1.2. Iodine isotopes: I-123 and I-131

4.1.2.1. Measurement of Radioiodine Uptake

4.2. Instrumentation

4.3. Thyroid Scintigraphy

4.3.1. Patient Preparation, Instrumentation, and Image Acquisition

4.3.2. Scan Interpretation

5. Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism

5.1. Mechanism of Action of Radioactive Iodine I-131

5.2. Indications and Contraindications

5.3. Radioiodine Therapy

5.3.1. Patient Preparation

5.3.2. Dosimetry

5.3.3. Effectiveness of Therapy and Patient Follow Up

5.3.4. Delayed Side Effects

6. Neonatal Hyperthyroidism

Chapter 9

The Surgical Management of Graves' Disease

2. Clinical Diagnosis

3. Management of Graves' Disease

3.1. Role of Surgery for Graves' Disease

3.1.1. Indications for Surgical Thyroidectomy

3.1.2. Preoperative Preparation for Surgery

3.1.3. Extent of Surgery

3.1.4. Types and Techniques Of Surgery

3.2. Details of Surgical Management

3.2.1. Open Thyroidectomy

3.2.2. Endoscopic Thyroidectomy (ET) or Minimal Access Thyroidectomy (MAT)

3.2.2.1. Operative Principles of ET

3.3. Advantages of Surgical Management

3.4. Disadvantages/Complications of Total Thyroidectomy

3.4.1. Hemorrhage

3.4.2. Post Thyroidectomy Hypocalcemia

3.4.3. Voice Change

3.5. Role of Surgical Thyroidectomy in Graves' Associated Ophthalmopathy (GAO)

Chapter 10

Radioactive Iodine versus Surgery in the Management of Toxic Multinodular Goiter and Toxic Adenoma

Abstract.

1. Introduction

2. Anti-Thyroid Drugs

3. Radioactive Iodine Ablation

4. Surgery

Chapter 11

Thyroid Cancer in Graves' Disease

3. Pathogenesis

4. Clinical Symptoms

5. Laboratory Tests

7. Prognosis

Chapter 12

The Management of Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy

1.1. Epidemiology

1.2. Physiology of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy

1.3. Overt versus Subclinical Hyperthyroidism

1.4. Causes of Thyrotoxicosis in Pregnancy

1.5. Clinical Features and Consequences of Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy

1.6. Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy

2. Management

2.1. Gestational Transient Hyperthyroidism

2.2. Graves' Disease in Pregnancy

2.3. Anti-Thyroid Drugs and Congenital Anomalies

2.4. Block-Replace Therapy

2.5. Radioactive Iodine

2.6. Surgery

2.7. TSH Receptor Antibody

2.8. Thyroid Storm

2.9. Autonomous Nodule

2.10. Fetal Surveillance

2.11. Postpartum Period and Lactation

2.12. Pre-Conceptional Counselling

Chapter 13

The Management of Thyrotoxic Storm

2. Etiology

4. Clinical Presentation

5. Laboratory Findings

6. Diagnosis

7. Treatment

7.1. Therapy Directed Against the Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

7.2. Inhibit the Release of Stored Hormones

7.3. Reduce the Peripheral Effects of Thyroid Hormone

7.4. Supportive Care

Chapter 14

Subacute Thyroiditis

4. Clinical Features

5. Diagnostic Evaluation

6. Laboratory Tests

7. Imaging

8. Differential Diagnosis

9. Management

Chapter 15.

Hungry Bone Syndrome in Thyrotoxicosis

1.1. Skeletal Effects of Thyrotoxicosis

1.2. Skeletal Effects of Childhood Thyrotoxicosis

2. Definition of Hungry Bone Syndrome (HBS)

3. Clinical Manifestation of HBS

4. Predisposing Risk Factors for HBS

4.1. Preoperative Serum Calcium

4.2. High Serum Alkaline Phosphatase

4.3. Preoperative Low Magnesium and Albumin

4.4. Vitamin D Deficiency

4.5. Patient-Related Risk Factors

4.5.1. Rapid Restoration of Euthyroid Status

4.6. Surgery-Related Risk Factors

5. Biochemical Changes in HBS

6. Management of HBS

Chapter 16

Drug-Induced Hyperthyroidism

2. Iodine

3. Amiodarone

4. Thyroxine

5. Lithium

6. Others

Index

About the Editor

Blank Page.

Notes:

Includes index.

Description based on print version record.

Other Format:

Print version: Poongkodi, K. Understanding and Managing Hyperthyroidism

ISBN:

9798886976489

OCLC:

1370220814